scholarly journals Learning to associate novel words with motor actions: Language-induced motor activity following short training

Cortex ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Fargier ◽  
Yves Paulignan ◽  
Véronique Boulenger ◽  
Padraic Monaghan ◽  
Anne Reboul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Novel Words

scholarly journals RELEVANCE OF THE INTRODUCTION OF FITNESS-AEROBICS IN THE TRAINING PROCESS OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Kirillova ◽  
◽  
A.Y. Pashchenko ◽  
M.G. Zhalbe ◽  
L.A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
Motor Actions

The direction of fitness aerobics contributes to the harmonious development of the child, the improvement of physical, intellectual, mental, as well as spiritual and moral qualities. When training movements, young players acquire the knowledge necessary for their conscious motor activity, gain experience in their implementation, including creative. In the process of learning motor actions in young athletes developed the need to improve their own nature, they create the prerequisites for the implementation of their own individuality. Mastering a variety of fitness aerobics complexes, engaged in the opportunity to improve, as well as they have formed a deeper interest and love to practice in the football section.

scholarly journals Expressing our internal states and understanding those of others

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (33) ◽  
pp. 10331-10335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Di Cesare ◽  
Cinzia Di Dio ◽  
Massimo Marchi ◽  
Giacomo Rizzolatti
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Cortical Circuit ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Conjunction Analysis

Vitality form is a term that describes the style with which motor actions are performed (e.g., rude, gentle, etc.). They represent one characterizing element of conscious and unconscious bodily communication. Despite their importance in interpersonal behavior, vitality forms have been, until now, virtually neglected in neuroscience. Here, using the functional MRI (fMRI) technique, we investigated the neural correlates of vitality forms in three different tasks: action observation, imagination, and execution. Conjunction analysis showed that, in all three tasks, there is a common, consistent activation of the dorsocentral sector of the insula. In addition, a common activation of the parietofrontal network, typically active during arm movements production, planning, and observation, was also found. We conclude that the dorsocentral part of the insula is a key element of the system that modulates the cortical motor activity, allowing individuals to express their internal states through action vitality forms. Recent monkey anatomical data show that the dorsocentral sector of the insula is, indeed, connected with the cortical circuit involved in the control of arm movements.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Principles of Activating the Speech of Children of the Senior Preschool age in the Course of Motor Actions

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-255
Author(s):  
Nataliia Panhelova ◽  
Tetiana Krutsevych
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
General Development ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Motor

The investigation is devoted to the problem of speech development of children of the senior preschool age in the course of execution of motor actions that needed neuro-psychological basics of speech activation of children during motor actions. The results of the study indicate that preschool age is the most responsible period in the development of the personality of the person, its psychological and physical development, including the development of speech. The presence of the interrelation of general and speech motility has been proved in the studies of I.P. Pavlov, A.M. Leontiev, A.R. Luria etc., which substantiates the position that the use of various motor actions contributes to solving the problems of speech development of the child. The presence of the relationship between intellectual, social, speech development and motor activity, the state of health of the child determines the feasibility of the use of such approaches, which involve an integrated influence to a child’s personality. The exclusive role of physical and speech development determines the need for their integration for the general development of the child. The purpose of the integrated speech-motor joint motor activity is to ensure the interconnection of motor activity and development of speech of children of preschool age. The introduction of an integrated approach requires the use of innovative technologies (finger, articulation, respiratory gymnastics, football-gymnastics, logarithmics, etc.). To test the effectiveness of the integrated speech-motor activity, a pedagogical experiment was conducted. After the survey, data was obtained that shows a positive dynamics in all indicators of speech.

scholarly journals Strength preparedness of 6-7 years boys in artistic gymnastics: experience of using the game method

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Alfiіa Deineko ◽  
Ruslan Shcherbak ◽  
Iurii Fishev
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
School Age ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Mobile Games ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
And Training

The article considers the effectiveness of using game method to increase the level of strength preparedness of 6-7 years boys. It is shown that children of this age due to the ontogenetic features of growing are characterized by increased motor activity and a strong need in it. It is highlighted that a game is one of the most important areas in the children’s life that in cooperation with activity, study, art and sports provides the necessary emotional conditions for a comprehensive, harmonious development of personality. For the teacher, it becomes a tool of education that allows to fully take into account the age characteristics of children and adolescents, to develop initiative, to create an atmosphere of freedom, independence, creativity and conditions for self-development. The game belongs to the traditional and esteemed methods of teaching and educating children of primary school age. The value of this method is that educational, developmental and upbringing functions are closely intertwined in during game activities. Game as a method of studying organizes, develops students, expands their cognitive abilities and educates the personality. It is highlighted that the game method involves the performance of motor actions in the game conditions within its characteristic rules the arsenal of technically-tactical intakes and situations. It is noted that in recent years, mobile games have become widely used as an effective tool in the training process due to the significant potential of the game method using in sports training. It is established that the using of the proposed games in the educational and training process of young gymnasts has increased the level of their strength preparedness.

scholarly journals Dopamine D1 receptor signalling differentially regulates action sequences and turning behaviour in freely moving Drosophila

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kottler ◽  
Richard Faville ◽  
Jessika Bridi ◽  
Frank Hirth
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Receptor Signalling ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Turning Behaviour ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Motor Actions

AbstractHere, we introduce a novel behavioural paradigm to study neural circuits and mechanisms underlying action selection and decision-making in freely moving Drosophila. We first validate our approach by studying FoxP mutants and show that normally invariant patterns of motor activity and turning behaviour are altered in these flies, reminiscent of indecision. Then, focusing on central complex (CX) circuits known to integrate different sensory modalities and controlling premotor regions, we show that action sequences and turning behaviour are regulated by dopamine D1 (Dop1R1) receptor signalling. Dop1R1 inputs onto CX columnar wedge and ellipsoid body R2/R4m ring neuron circuits both negatively gate motor activity but inversely control turning behaviour. While flies deficient of D1 receptor signalling present normal turning behaviour despite decreased activity, restoring Dop1R1 level in R2/R4m-specific circuitry affects the temporal organisation of motor actions and turning. These findings suggest that columnar wedge and ring neuron circuits of the CX differentially modulate patterns of motor action sequences and turning behaviour by comparative Dop1R1 signalling for goal-directed locomotion.

scholarly journals Monitoring of adequacy/efficacy of pathogenetic therapy in patients with Wilson’s disease by means of computerized testing of hand motor activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Iryna Nikishkova ◽  
Damir Kutikov ◽  
Ivan Voloshyn-Gaponov
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Computerized Testing ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Motor Actions

Patients with Wilson’s disease (WD) need lifelong pathogenetic therapy (PGT) to prevent progress of neurodegenerative processes in particular. However, a pharmacological management of copper balance is very diffi cult task because there are the possibility of worsening dramatically of a patient’s neurological status, the potential side eff ects of drugs, inadequacy of the PGT scheme, and the PGT regime violation or refusal of some patients. The necessity of eff ective method for assessment of the adequacy of PGT and monitoring of compliance of patients has led us to create the application Motus Test Set for a Tablet PC with a touch screen. Motus Test Set is aimed for testing of motor actions of the hands, since among the WD neurological manifestations, tremor and hyperkinesis are the most common and sensitive to therapy. Motus Test Set consists of four kinds of tasks (drawing of the cube and tracts in labyrinths, a continuous following a moving object, "piano") which are performed by fi ngers. Hand motor activity was assessed by means of Motus Test Set at the beginning and at the end of hospitalization in 30 WD patients with different PGTs. The usage of the Motus Test Set in most patients (86.67 %) did not cause any problem, as well as did not aff ect their psychosomatic conditions. The computerized testing has defi ned diff erences between patients with various PGT schemes, both on chronometric indices and quality of drawing. The best quality of drawings was demonstrated by patients with Zincteral monotherapy. The patients with the Cuprenyl dose of 1500 to 2250 mg per day and half of the patients with PGT regime violation had the worst drawing. In patients after a lowering dosage/replacement of Cuprenyl, the time of contact with the screen increased, the drawing time of the cube was reduced by almost 60 %, the quali ty of graphic images improved signifi cantly. In patients, who returned to PGT, the time of contact with the PC screen in labyrinths tasks signifi cantly increas, the quality of the tracts drawn was improved, the algorithm of a cube drawing was restored. Therefore, the Motus Test Set is a useful tool to assess the PGT adequacy / effi cacy and the compliance of WD patients.

Motility of the gastric fundus

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Lind ◽  
Herbert L. Duthie ◽  
Jerry F. Schlegel ◽  
Charles F. Code
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Gastric Pouch ◽  
Gastric Fundus ◽  
Gastric Antrum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Phasic Change ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Receptive Relaxation

This study was undertaken to define the motor activity of the fundus of the stomach. Observations were made on six healthy dogs with vagally innervated mucosal septal pouches of the fundus of the stomach and four other healthy dogs with identical pouches of the corpus of the stomach. In each dog the motor actions of the esophagus, gastroesophageal sphincter, gastric pouch, and gastric antrum were recorded simultaneously. The commonest motor activity recorded from the pouches of the fundus was a slow, phasic change in pressure or tone designated as a type III wave. Tiny pressure changes occurring at a rate of 5/min and identical to type I waves seen elsewhere in the stomach were sometimes recorded. Large "fundic" waves, occurring, when they were rhythmic, at a rate of about 3/min were occasionally seen on the records. Relaxation of the pouch of the fundus occurred after the majority of swallows, confirming the observation of other investigators that receptive relaxation of the fundus is an important component of the response to deglutition.

scholarly journals MOVING GAMES AS ONE OF THE FORMS OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Y. MOROZ
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Mobile Games ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Mobile Game ◽  
Gaming Activity ◽  
Motor Actions

The article examines the  influence  of mobile  games on the  recreational component of  personality development. A mobile game is a deliberate activity aimed at achieving the goal. Mobile games occupy a leading place both in physical education and in the process of physical rehabilitation, recreation, allowing to effectively solve medical and educational tasks at a high emotional level. A mobile game as a recreational tool has a number of qualities, among which the most important place is high emotionality. Emotions in the game are complex. This is a pleasure from the muscular work in the game, from the feeling of vivacity and energy, from the possibility of friendly communication in the team, from achieving the goal set in the game. During a mobile game, complex effects on motor activity and the nervous system are realized. The mobile game refers to such manifestations of gaming activity, in which the role of movements is clearly expressed. For mobile games characterized by creative, active motor actions, motivated by the plot. They are aimed at overcoming various difficulties on the way to achieving the goal. The advantage of mobile games before exercises is that the game is always associated with initiative, fantasy, creativity, proceeds emotionally, stimulates motor activity. The game uses natural movements for the most part in an entertaining, unobtrusive form. Moving games, as a rule, do not require participants of special training. The same mobile games can be played under different conditions, with a greater or lesser number of participants, according to different rules. The most important result of the game is the emotional upsurge. It is thanks to this wonderful feature that mobile games, especially with the elements of the competition, more than other forms of physical education, meet the needs of the body. In the course of mobile games, self-control, self-control, correct response to failure are formed.

scholarly journals Short-term Motor Training, but Not Observational Training, Alters Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Action Processing in Infancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Gerson ◽  
Harold Bekkering ◽  
Sabine Hunnius
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Motor Experience ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Motor Actions

The role of motor experience in the processing of perceived actions is hotly debated on both behavioral (e.g., action understanding) and neural (e.g., activation of the motor system) levels of interpretation. Whereas some researchers focus on the role of motor experience in the understanding of and motor activity associated with perceived actions, others emphasize the role of visual experience with the perceived actions. The question of whether prior firsthand motor experience is critical to motor system activation during perception of actions performed by others is best addressed through studies with infants who have a limited repertoire of motor actions. In this way, infants can receive motor or visual training with novel actions that are not mere recombinations of previously acquired actions. In this study, 10-month-old infants received active training with a motorically unfamiliar action that resulted in a distinct sound effect. They received observational experience with a second, similarly unfamiliar action. Following training, we assessed infants' neural motor activity via EEG while they listened to the sounds associated with the actions relative to a novel sound. We found a greater decrease in mu power to sounds associated with the motorically learned action than to those associated with the observed action that the infants had never produced. This effect was directly related to individual differences in the degree of motor learning via motor training. These findings indicate a unique effect of active experience on neural correlates of action perception.

CCK-1 and CCK-2 receptors mediate differential effects of cholecystokinin on the motor activity of distal colon

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A173-A174
Author(s):  
F BASCHIERA ◽  
C BLANDIZZI ◽  
M FOMAI ◽  
M TACCA
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Differential Effects
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