scholarly journals The flower pot method of REM sleep deprivation causes apoptotic cell death in the hepatocytes of rat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Pandey ◽  
Devesh Kumar ◽  
Gopesh Ray ◽  
Santosh Kar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Caspase 9

AbstractIntroductionThe rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMSD) of rats relates with increased inflammations, acute phase response, oxidative damage, neuronal cell loss, and neurodegenerative diseases. Whereas, its role outside brain are not well studied. This study tried to explore the causal effect of REM sleep loss on hepatocytes.MethodsWe deprived the rats of REM sleep using standard flower pot method. We focused on liver to see the REMSD affects which controls most of the metabolic processes of the body.ResultsWe report here that flower pot induced REMSD causes apoptotic cell death of hepatocytes (~10% by Annexin Assay & ~20% by TUNEL assay). This were further got alleviated up to extent after sleep recovery of 5 days (recovered approximately 8.0% by Annexin Assay & 14% by TUNEL assay). The gene expression and protein level profiling revealed the up-regulation of p53, Bax, Cytochrome c, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9. While, Bcl2 which is an anti-apoptotic protein were down-regulated in response to REMSD. Relentless recovery of 5 days affected the expression pattern of these genes/proteins.ConclusionsOur study offer great pathological and physiological significance for sleep loss, by inferring the apoptotic cell-death in the hepatocytes of rat. This further signifies the functional and preventive role of REM sleep which is unique to mammals and avians with certain exceptions, as its loss can affect the natural well-being and survival of the individuals.Highlights of the studyWe observed significant apoptosis in the hepatocytes of REMSD group of rats.Our expression analysis confirmed altered expression for genes p53, Bcl2, Bax, and Caspase-3 after REMSD.Protein level analysis supported our gene expression results for p53, Bcl2, Bax, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 after REMSD.Sleep recovery improved the respective genes and protein expression levels towards normalcy, signifying the functional role of REM sleep.

Proinflammatory phenotype of coronary arteries promotes endothelial apoptosis in aging

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Csiszar ◽  
Zoltan Ungvari ◽  
Akos Koller ◽  
John G. Edwards ◽  
Gabor Kaley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Endothelial Apoptosis ◽  
Age Related

Previously we demonstrated that aging in coronary arteries is associated with proinflammatory phenotypic changes and decreased NO bioavailability, which, we hypothesized, promotes vascular disease by enhancing endothelial apoptosis. To test this hypothesis we characterized proapoptotic alterations in the phenotype of coronary arteries of aged (26 mo old) and young (3 mo old) F344 rats. DNA fragmentation analysis and TUNEL assay showed that in aged vessels there was an approximately fivefold increase in the number of apoptotic endothelial cells. In aged coronary arteries there was an increased expression of TNFα, TNFβ, and caspase 9 (microarray, real-time PCR), as well as increased caspase 9 and caspase 3 activity, whereas expression of TNFR1, TNFα-converting enzyme (TACE), Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), Bid, Bax, caspase 8, and caspase 3 were unchanged. In vessel culture (18 h) incubation of aged coronary arteries with a TNF blocking antibody or the NO donor S-nitroso-penicillamine (SNAP) decreased apoptotic cell death. Incubation of young arteries with exogenous TNFα increased caspase 9 activity and elicited endothelial apoptosis, which was attenuated by SNAP. Inhibition of NO synthesis in cultured young coronary arteries also induced apoptotic cell death and potentiated the apoptotic effect of TNFα. Thus we propose that age-related upregulation of TNFα and caspase 9 and decreased bioavailability of NO promote endothelial apoptosis in coronary arteries that may lead to impaired endothelial function and ischemic heart disease in the elderly.

Berberine Induces Apoptotic Cell Death via Activation of Caspase-3 and -8 in HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells: Nuclear Localization and Structure–Activity Relationships

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (07) ◽  
pp. 1497-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Okubo ◽  
Takuhiro Uto ◽  
Aya Goto ◽  
Hiroyuki Tanaka ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nishioku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Caspase 9

Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a well-known bioactive compound contained in medicinal plants used in traditional and folk medicines. In this study, we investigated the subcellular localization and the apoptotic mechanisms of BBR were elucidated. First, we confirmed the incorporation of BBR into the cell visually. BBR showed antiproliferative activity and promptly localized to the nucleus from 5[Formula: see text]min to 15[Formula: see text]min after BBR treatment in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Next, we examined the antiproliferative activity of BBR (1) and its biosynthetically related compounds (2-7) in HL-60 cells. BBR exerted strongest antiproliferative activity among 1-7 and the results of structures and activity relation suggested that a methylenedioxyl group in ring A, an [Formula: see text]-alkyl group at C-9 position, and the frame of isoquinoline may be necessary for antiproliferative activity. Moreover, BBR showed the most potent antiproliferative activity in HL-60 cells among human cancer and normal cell lines tested. Next, we examined the effect of BBR on molecular events known as apoptosis induction. In HL-60 cells, BBR induced chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, and triggered the activation of PARP, caspase-3 and caspase-8 without the activation of caspase-9. BBR-induced DNA fragmentation was abolished by pretreatment with inhibitors against caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not against caspase-9. ERK and p38 were promptly phosphorylated after 15 min of BBR treatment, and this was correlated with time of localization to the nucleus of BBR. These results demonstrated that BBR translocated into nucleus immediately after treatments and induced apoptotic cell death by activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8.

Role of Purinergic Receptor in Alpha Fodrin Degradation in Par C5 Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-M. Hwang ◽  
J. Li ◽  
N.-Y. Koo ◽  
S.-Y. Choi ◽  
S.J. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
P2x7 Receptor ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Purinergic Receptor ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Free Solution ◽  
Membrane Blebs ◽  
Salivary Epithelial Cells

Autoantibodies specific for alpha-fodrin fragments are found in the tissues of persons afflicted with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). However, the mechanism for alpha-fodrin degradation remains elusive. The following experiments utilized Par C5 cells to examine the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in apoptosis, particularly in the cleavage and release of alpha-fodrin, an apparent SS autoantigen. Five mM ATP stimulation induced apoptotic cell death with a sustained Ca2+ influx, which was mimicked in HEK cells transfected with P2X7R. ATP also induced cleavage of alpha-fodrin mediated by caspase-3 and calpain, releasing alpha-fodrin fragments through membrane blebs. However, both apoptotic cell death and alpha-fodrin cleavage were inhibited in the presence of 300 μM oxidized-ATP (ox-ATP), an irreversible blocker of P2X7R, or in Ca2+-free solution. We concluded that P2X7R plays an important role in apoptosis and alpha-fodrin degradation in salivary epithelial cells, providing an important clue elucidating the presence of alpha-fodrin fragments in SS tissues.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Reveals HgCl2 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Lung Carcinoma H1299 Cells through Caspase-3-Independent Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2006
Author(s):  
Mi Jin Kim ◽  
Jinhong Park ◽  
Jinho Kim ◽  
Ji-Young Kim ◽  
Mi-Jin An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Rna Seq

Mercury is one of the detrimental toxicants that can be found in the environment and exists naturally in different forms; inorganic and organic. Human exposure to inorganic mercury, such as mercury chloride, occurs through air pollution, absorption of food or water, and personal care products. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HgCl2 on cell viability, cell cycle, apoptotic pathway, and alters of the transcriptome profiles in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, H1299. Our data show that HgCl2 treatment causes inhibition of cell growth via cell cycle arrest at G0/G1- and S-phase. In addition, HgCl2 induces apoptotic cell death through the caspase-3-independent pathway. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis using RNA-seq indicated that cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process, cellular metabolism, and translation for biological processes-related gene sets were significantly up- and downregulated by HgCl2 treatment. Interestingly, comparative gene expression patterns by RNA-seq indicated that mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were markedly altered by low-dose of HgCl2 treatment. Altogether, these data show that HgCl2 induces apoptotic cell death through the dysfunction of mitochondria.

Two steroidal saponins from Camassia cusickii induce L1210 cell death through the apoptotic mechanism

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellyawati Candra ◽  
Kimihiro Matsunaga ◽  
Hironori Fujiwara ◽  
Yoshihiro Mimaki ◽  
Yutaka Sashida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Steroidal Saponin ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
L1210 Cells

Two steroidal saponins, tigogenin hexasaccharide-1 (TGHS-1, (25R)-5α-spirostan-3β-yl 4-O-[2-O-[3-O- (α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-3-O-[4-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]- β-D-galactopyranoside) and tigogenin hexasaccharide-2 (TGHS-2, (25R)-5α-spirostan-3β-yl 4-O-[2-O-[3-O- (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-3-O-[4-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]- β-D-galactopyranoside), were isolated from the fresh bulbs of Camassia cusickii. In murine leukemic L1210 cells, both compounds showed cytotoxicity with an EC50 value of 0.06 µM. The morphological observation revealed that TGHS-1 and TGHS-2 induced shrinkage in cell soma and chromatin condensation, suggesting apoptotic cell death. The cell death was confirmed to be apoptosis by Annexin V binding to phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane and excluding propidium iodide. A typical apoptotic DNA ladder and the cleavage of caspase-3 were observed after treatment with TGHS-1 and TGHS-2. In the presence of both the compounds, cells with sub-G1 DNA content were detected by flow cytometric analysis, indicating that TGHS-1 and TGHS-2 (each EC50 value of 0.1 µM) are the most powerful apoptotic saponins known. These results suggest that TGHS-1 and TGHS-2 induce apoptotic cell death through caspase-3 activation.Key words: steroidal saponin, tigogenin hexasaccharide, apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, murine leukemic L1210 cells.

Abstract WP62: Enhanced Neuroprotection of Normobaric Oxygenation with Ethanol Conferred by Apoptosis Reduction in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweena Parmar ◽  
Xiaokun Geng ◽  
Changya Peng ◽  
Murali Guthikonda ◽  
Yuchuan Ding
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Apoptotic Proteins

Objectives: Normobaric oxygenation (NBO) has been shown to provide neuroprotection in vivo and in vitro . Yet, a recent Phase 2 clinical trial investigating NBO therapy in acute ischemic stroke was terminated due to questionable therapeutic benefit. NBO therapy alone may be insufficient to produce improved outcomes. In our recent study, we demonstrated a strong neuroprotective effect of ethanol at a dose of 1.5 g/kg (equivalent to the human legal driving limit). In this study, we sought to identify whether low-dose ethanol administration enhances the neuroprotection offered by NBO and whether combined administration of NBO with ethanol is associated with reduced apoptosis. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h, followed by reperfusion. Ischemic animals received either an intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 g/kg ethanol, 2 h of 100% NBO, or both ethanol and NBO. The Cell Death Detection ELISA Assay (Roche) was performed to determine apoptotic cell death at 24 h after reperfusion. Levels of pro-apoptotic (Caspase-3, Bcl-2-associated X-BAX, and Apoptosis-Inducing Factor-AIF) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) were determined by Western blot analysis at 3 and 24 h after reperfusion. Results: As expected, untreated ischemic rats had the highest apoptotic cell death. Combined NBO/ethanol therapy decreased cell death by 48%, as compared to 29% with ethanol and 22% with NBO. Similarly, combined NBO/ethanol therapy promoted the greatest expression of anti-apoptotic factors and the lowest expression of pro-apoptotic proteins at 3 h after reperfusion. This effect was maintained at 24 h and even more pronounced for AIF and Caspase-3. Conclusions: Given singularly, NBO and ethanol improved the degree of cell death, decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Yet, when administered together, their effects largely compounded. These results suggest a synergistic neuroprotection offered by NBO with ethanol, which may be attributed at least in part to their shared role in modulating neuronal apoptosis.

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