scholarly journals Variable costs and benefits of eavesdropping a green leaf volatile on two plant species in a common garden

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Freundlich ◽  
Christopher J. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Green Leaf Volatile ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Plant Communication ◽  
Bean Plants

AbstractHerbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV)-mediated eavesdropping is a well-documented, inducible phenomenon that should—like any inducible phenomenon—incur fitness costs. Yet, ecological costs associated with volatile exposure alone are unclear. In a common garden experiment, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to a single HIPV would decrease herbivore damage at the cost of reduced plant growth and reproduction. Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants were exposed to a persistent, low-dose (~10ng/hour) of the green leaf volatile cis-3-hexenyl acetate (z3HAC), a ubiquitous HIPV. z3HAC-treated pepper plants were shorter, had less aboveground and belowground biomass, and produced fewer flowers and fruits relative to controls while z3HAC-treated lima bean plants were taller and produced more leaves and flowers than did controls. Natural herbivory was reduced in z3HAC-exposed lima bean plants, but not in pepper. Cyanogenic potential, a putative defense mechanism in lima bean, was lower in z3HAC-exposed leaves, suggesting a growth-defense tradeoffs from z3HAC exposure alone. Plant species-specific responses to an identical priming cue have important implications for ecological costs and benefits of volatile-mediated inter-plant communication under field conditions.

scholarly journals Dispensing a Synthetic Green Leaf Volatile to Two Plant Species in a Common Garden Differentially Alters Physiological Responses and Herbivory

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Grace E. Freundlich ◽  
Maria Shields ◽  
Christopher J. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Green Leaf Volatile ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Bean Plants

Herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV)-mediated eavesdropping by plants is a well-documented, inducible phenomenon that has practical agronomic applications for enhancing plant defense and pest management. However, as with any inducible phenomenon, responding to volatile cues may incur physiological and ecological costs that limit plant productivity. In a common garden experiment, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to a single HIPV would decrease herbivore damage at the cost of reduced plant growth and reproduction. Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants were exposed to a persistent, low dose (~10 ng/h) of the green leaf volatile cis-3-hexenyl acetate (z3HAC), which is a HIPV and damage-associated volatile. z3HAC-treated pepper plants were shorter, had less aboveground and belowground biomass, and produced fewer flowers and fruits relative to controls, while z3HAC-treated lima bean plants were taller and produced more leaves and flowers than did controls. Natural herbivory was reduced in z3HAC-exposed lima bean plants, but not in pepper. Cyanogenic potential, a putative direct defense mechanism in lima bean, was lower in young z3HAC-exposed leaves, suggesting a growth–defense tradeoff from z3HAC exposure alone. Plant species-specific responses to an identical volatile cue have important implications for agronomic costs and benefits of volatile-mediated interplant communication under field conditions.

scholarly journals THE BEAN POD BORERS IN PUERTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
L. B. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Maruca Testulalis ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Wild Legumes ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
The Cost

Three species of pod borers, Maruca testulalis (Geyer), Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke), and Fundella cistipennis (Dyar), were found commonly in 1985-36 infesting wild and cultivated leguminous plants in all parts of Puerto Rico. E. zinckenella and M. testulalis were about equally numerous, but the latter, because it confined its attacks almost entirely to cultivated plants, was by far the most important economically of the two. F. cistipennis was the least abundant of the three species, and although it was found largely in cultivated plants, it was much less destructive than either of the other species. In addition to various legume crops the insects attacked several wild legumes, particularly Crotalaria incana L., one of the Island's commonest Crotalarias, and Canavalia maritima (Aubl.) Thou., commonly called the bay been. Some wild legumes, such as the wild lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.), and one of the commonest Crotalarias, (C. retusa L.), appeared to be highly resistant, if not inmune, to attack. The pod borers deposit their eggs on or near the blossoms and blossom buds, thereby assuring ample food for the newly hatched larvae. Most of the injured blossoms drop to the ground, and it is not uncommon to find hundreds of them on the ground under bean plants. Experiments conducted at Yauco, Isabela, and Mayagüez indicated that the pod borers could be successfully controlled by two 25-pound-per-acre applications of dust containing 80 percent of natural cryolite. Similar applications of pyrethrum dust were moderately effective, but the cost of the material was prohibitive. Dusts and sprays containing rotenone failed to provide satisfactory control. Observation of various varieties and types of lime beans indicated that the small-seeded lima bean, particularly the variety Carolina, was highly resistant to pod borer attack.

scholarly journals Two New Races of Phytophthora phaseoli from Lima Bean in Delaware

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Evans ◽  
C. R. Davidson ◽  
J. D. Dominiak ◽  
R. P. Mulrooney ◽  
R. B. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lima Bean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Race ◽  
New Race ◽  
New Races ◽  
Important Disease

Downy mildew, incited by Phytophthora phaseoli Thaxt., is the most important disease of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) on the east coast of the United States. It has been a serious threat to commercial lima bean production in Delaware, Maryland, and New Jersey for the past 5 years. Growers have attempted to manage this disease using resistant cultivars and copper hydroxide fungicides. In August and September 1995, a new pathogenic race of P. phaseoli was isolated from infected pods of the lima bean cv. Packer in a production field near Milton, DE. Races of P. phaseoli are determined using a modification of a cultivar differential developed by Wester (3). The cv. 184–85, which is resistant to races A, B, C, and D (1), is susceptible to the new race, designated as E. In August 2000, another new pathogenic race of P. phaseoli was isolated from infected pods of cv. 184–85 near Middletown, DE. The lima bean line BG2-408, which is resistant to races A, B, C, D, and E, is susceptible to the new race, designated as F. Symptoms produced on lima bean plants infected by races E and F are similar to each other, and to those produced by all other races. All races of P. phaseoli have the same cultural characteristics on lima bean pod agar. Evaluations of in field weather station data and disease occurrence indicate that races E and F may have temperature maxima greater than 32°C, whereas race D has a maximum of less than 32°C (2). During the 2000 growing season, 118 isolates of P. phaseoli were collected from 44 production fields in Delaware and the eastern shore of Maryland, with 86% characterized as race E and 5% as race F. References: (1) C. R. Davidson et al. Biol. Cult. Tests 2001:V80. (2) R. A. Hyre and R. S. Cox. Phytopathology 43:419, 1953. (3) R. E. Wester. Phytopathology 60:1856, 1970.

scholarly journals Short signalling distances make plant communication a soliloquy

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Heil ◽  
Rosa M. Adame-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Plant Communication ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Volatile Organic

Plants respond to attack by herbivores or pathogens with the release of volatile organic compounds. Neighbouring plants can receive these volatiles and consecutively induce their own defence arsenal. This ‘plant communication’, however, appears counterintuitive when it benefits independent and genetically unrelated receivers, which may compete with the emitter. As a solution to this problem, a role for volatile compounds in within-plant signalling has been predicted. We used wild-type lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus ) to quantify under field conditions the distances over which volatile signals move, and thereby determine whether these cues will mainly trigger resistance in other parts of the same plant or in independent plants. Independent receiver plants exhibited airborne resistance to herbivores or pathogens at maximum distances of 50 cm from a resistance-expressing emitter. In undisturbed clusters of lima bean, over 80 per cent of all leaves that were located around a single leaf at this distance were other leaves of the same plant, whereas this percentage dropped below 50 per cent at larger distances. Under natural conditions, resistance-inducing volatiles of lima bean move over distances at which most leaves that can receive the signal still belong to the same plant.

Characterization of Polar Organosulfates in Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Green Leaf Volatile 3-Z-Hexenal

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (21) ◽  
pp. 12671-12678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Safi Shalamzari ◽  
Ariane Kahnt ◽  
Reinhilde Vermeylen ◽  
Tadeusz E. Kleindienst ◽  
Michael Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Green Leaf Volatile

Genetic diversity in accessions of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) determined from agro-morphological descriptors and SSR markers for use in breeding programs in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolline de Jesús Pires ◽  
Marcones Ferreira Costa ◽  
Maria Imaculada Zucchi ◽  
Regina Lucia Ferreira-Gomes ◽  
José Baldin Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Breeding Programs
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document