scholarly journals Impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease and nasopharyngeal carriage in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Hammitt ◽  
Anthony O. Etyang ◽  
Susan C. Morpeth ◽  
John Ojal ◽  
Alex Mutuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Catch Up

AbstractBackground10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10), delivered at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age, was introduced in Kenya in January 2011, accompanied by a catch-up campaign in Kilifi County for children <5 years. Coverage with ≥2 PCV10 doses in children 2-11 months was 80% in 2011 and 84% in 2016; coverage with ≥1 dose in children 12-59 months was 66% and 87%, respectively.MethodsClinical and microbiological surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among admissions of all ages at Kilifi County Hospital was linked to the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System from 1999-2016. We calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) comparing the pre-vaccine and post-vaccine eras, adjusted for confounding, and reported percent reduction in IPD as 1-IRR. Annual cross-sectional surveys of nasopharyngeal carriage were conducted from 2009-2016.FindingsSurveillance identified 667 IPD cases in 3,211,403 person-years of observation. IPD incidence in children <5 years fell sharply in 2011 following PCV10 introduction, and remained low (PCV10-type IPD: 60·8 vs 3·2/100,000 [92% reduction; 95%CI: 78, 97]; overall IPD: 81·6 vs 15·3/100,000 [68% reduction; 95%CI: 40, 83]; 1999-2010 vs 2012-2016). PCV10-type IPD also declined significantly in unvaccinated age groups (<2 months, 5-14 years, ≥15 years), with estimated reductions of 100%, 74%, and 81%, respectively. There was no significant change in the incidence of non-PCV10 type IPD. In children aged <5 years, PCV10-type carriage declined by 74% and non-PCV10-type carriage increased by 71%.InterpretationIntroduction of PCV10 in Kenya resulted in a substantial reduction in PCV10-type IPD in children and adults without significant replacement disease. These findings suggest that routine infant PCV10 immunization programmes with catch-up campaigns will provide substantial direct and indirect protection in low-income settings in tropical Africa.

scholarly journals Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance, 1 April to 30 June 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Pennington ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Childhood Immunisation

The number of notified cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the second quarter of 2019 was higher than the previous quarter as well as the second quarter of 2018. Following the July 2011 replacement of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) in the childhood immunisation program with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV), there was an initial relatively rapid decline in disease due to the additional six serotypes covered by the 13vPCV across all age groups, however more recently this decline is no longer evident. Over this period the number of cases due to the eleven serotypes additionally covered by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV), and also those serotypes not covered by any available vaccine, has been increasing steadily across all age groups.

scholarly journals Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance, 1 July to 30 September 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Pennington ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Childhood Immunisation ◽  
The Third

The number of notified cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the third quarter of 2019 was higher than in the previous quarter, but lower than in the third quarter of 2018. Following the July 2011 replacement of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) in the childhood immunisation program with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV), there was an initial relatively rapid decline in disease due to the additional six serotypes covered by the 13vPCV across all age groups, however more recently this decline is no longer evident. Over this period the number of cases due to the eleven serotypes additionally covered by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV), and also those serotypes not covered by any available vaccine, has been increasing steadily across all age groups.

scholarly journals Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance, 1 April to 30 June 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Pennington ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Childhood Immunisation

The number of notified cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the second quarter of 2018 was greater than the previous quarter, and slightly higher than the second quarter of 2017. Following the July 2011 replacement of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) in the childhood immunisation program with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV), there was an initial relatively rapid decline in disease due to the additional six serotypes covered by 13vPCV across all age groups; however, more recently this decline is no longer evident. Over this period there has been a steady increase across all age groups (Figure 1) in the number of cases due to the eleven serotypes additionally covered by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) and also to those serotypes not covered by any available vaccine.

scholarly journals Changing incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants less than 90 days of age before and after introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Blantyre, Malawi: a 14-year hospital based surveillance study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Koenraads ◽  
Todd D. Swarthout ◽  
Naor Bar-Zeev ◽  
Comfort Brown ◽  
Jacquline Msefula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundInvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in young infants is uncommon but associated with high morbidity and mortality. Accurate data on the burden of IPD in young infants in low-income countries are lacking. We examined the burden of IPD in infants aged <90 days in Blantyre, Malawi over a 14 year period and evaluated the impact of the 12 November 2011 introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on vaccine-serotype IPD (VT-IPD) in this population.MethodsWe conducted laboratory-based prospective IPD surveillance in infants aged <90 days admitted to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in Blantyre between 2005 and 2018, including 7 years pre- and 7 years post-PCV13 introduction. IPD was defined as Streptococcus pneumoniae identified by culture from blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Serotypes were determined by multiplex PCR and latex agglutination testing.ResultsWe identified 130 cases of culture-confirmed IPD in infants <90 days old between 2005-2018. Total IPD incidence was declining prior to PCV13 introduction. The mean incidence of IPD was significantly lower in the post-PCV era. Serotypes 5 (27.8%) and 1(15.6%), were most prevalent. Even after PCV13 introduction, VT-IPD remained dominant with serotype 5 accounting for 17.4% and serotype 1 for 13% of cases in young infants.ConclusionVaccine serotypes were the main cause of IPD in neonates and young infants, both before and after PCV13 introduction. Further strategies need to be considered to protect this vulnerable population, including maternal or neonatal immunization and implementation of an alternative PCV schedule with a booster dose.SummaryThe incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants in Blantyre, Malawi has declined over the past decade and more significantly after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Vaccine serotypes have remained the main cause of disease in this population.

scholarly journals Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance, 1 January to 31 March 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Pennington ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Childhood Immunisation

The number of notified cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the first quarter of 2018 was substantially less than the previous quarter, and similar to the first quarter of 2017. Following the July 2011 replacement of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) in the childhood immunisation program with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV), there was an initial relatively rapid decline in disease due to the additional six serotypes covered by 13vPCV across all age groups; however, more recently this decline is no longer evident. Further, over this period there has been a steady increase across all age groups (Figure 1) in the number of cases due to the eleven serotypes additionally covered by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) and also to those serotypes not covered by any available vaccine.

scholarly journals Persistence of immunity in children immunised with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and impact on nasopharyngeal carriage: a cross-sectional study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 689-692
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad Janapatla ◽  
Mei-Hua Hsu ◽  
Chyi-Liang Chen ◽  
Sung-Hsi Wei ◽  
Ming-Jia Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Igg Level

In 500 children aged ≤10 years after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)13 immunisation in different schedules, serotypes 19A-specific and 19F-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) were predicted to persist above 0.35 µg/mL for ≥10 years in all groups, likely due to PCV13-induced memory with natural boosting from residual diseases and colonisation. Generally, serotype-specific IgG could persist above 0.35 µg/mL longer (≥5 years) in the catch-up group than in the 2+1 and 3+1 immunisation groups. 14.5% of the carriage isolates belonged to PCV13 serotypes; statistical analysis revealed that a high serum IgG level (>10.96 µg/mL) will be required to eliminate the point-prevalence nasopharyngeal carriage of serotype 19A.

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