scholarly journals A Mathematical Model of the Effect of Natural Selection on Adaptation Forms that Implemented by disruptive coloration of Taurotragus oryx

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Bespalov ◽  
K. V. Nosov ◽  
P. S. Kabalyants
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
New Class ◽  
Protective Coloration ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Formalized Description ◽  
Adaptive Role

In the study, results of mathematical modelling of the influence of natural selection on performance of various forms of animal adaptation to habitat conditions are presented. For a formalized description of the subject of study, we used a new class of mathematical models— discrete models of dynamical systems. Sets of strategies of protective coloration of antelopes Taurotragus oryx are the subject of a formalized description. Various combinations of brightness of green and red components of gray-brown non-uniform protective coloration of different parts of the silhouette of these animals were considered as such strategies. The sets based on the material of digital pictures of the two groups of Taurotragus oryx were compared. The first group includes antelopes Taurotragus oryx from Serengeti National Park (Tanzania) exposed to natural selection. The second group includes Taurotragus oryx, actually domesticated in Askania-Nova reserve (Ukraine), for which natural selection is not active. The sets of above mention strategies-combinations, modelled for the two groups, were compared by the numbers of unique combinations of values of brightness of red and green colours, as well as combinations with closest values of these brightness. The adaptive role of combinations with different values of red and green colours was identified with the role of idioadaptations. The adaptive role of combinations with equal values of red and green colours was identified with a more wide performance of aromorphoses. In this connection, the notions “quasi-idioadaptation” and “quasi-aromorphosis” were introduced in the paper.It is assumed that both quasi-aromorphoses and quasi-idiadaptations, in certain conditions, contribute to the destruction of an integral visual perception of the silhouette of an animal against a many-coloured background of vegetation. At that, assumed that an adaptation function of a quasi-aromorphosis can be implemented in a wider range of colorimetric parameters of a plant background. The results of modelling indicate that the coloration of Taurotragus oryx from Serengeti is characterized by a larger set of quasi-adaptations than coloration of Taurotragus oryx from Askania-Nova. In the coloration of the latter, there is no quasi-aromorphosis with maximum values of brightness of both red and green components. But there exists a quasi-aromorphosis in the coloration of Taurotragus oryx from Serengeti. Such results of mathematical modelling correspond to prevailing ideas about the influence of natural selection on the character of adaptive reactions of living beings.

scholarly journals The Role of Sufistic-Based Kiai Leadership in Developing the Character of Santri in the Pesantren

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1705-1714
Author(s):  
Chusnul Muali ◽  
Moh Rofiki ◽  
Hasan Baharun ◽  
Zamroni Zamroni ◽  
Lukman Sholeh
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Common Understanding

This study aims to describe Sufistic-based Kiai leadership's role in shaping Santri character at the Pesantren Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. This research is a case study qualitative approach, with Kiai as the subject. We collected data using interview, documentation, and observation techniques, then analyzed using reduction techniques, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the Sufistic-based Kiai's leadership had an essential role in fostering the character of the Santri. The study results indicate that the Sufistic-based Kiai leadership has a vital role in promoting the surface of the Santri. Kiai is a person who gives influence in building character with Uswah (Modelling). This study also found that the factors that influence low morale are that Santri has a common understanding of the latest technological developments. In Sufistic-based leadership, there are four things that a leader must possess: 1) The Tawasuth, 2) The nature of I'tidal, 3) The Tawazun, and 4) The Tasamuh.

scholarly journals No evidence for an adaptive role of early molt into breeding plumage in a female fairy wren

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
Sergio Nolazco ◽  
Michelle L Hall ◽  
Sjouke A Kingma ◽  
Kaspar Delhey ◽  
Anne Peters
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Female Ornamentation ◽  
Extrapair Mating ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Breeding Plumage ◽  
Adaptive Role

Abstract The evolution of ornaments as sexually selected signals is well understood in males, but female ornamentation remains understudied. Fairy wrens offer an excellent model system, given their complex social structure and mating systems, and the diversity of female ornamentation. We investigated whether early molt into ornamental breeding plumage plays an adaptive role in females of the monogamous purple-crowned fairy wren Malurus coronatus, the only fairy wren known to have female seasonal plumage. Using 6 years of monitoring, we found that the timing of female molt was similar to males, but there was no evidence for assortative mating. Like males (previous study), older and dominant individuals acquired their breeding plumage earlier; however, in contrast to males, early molt did not seem to be costly since unfavorable environmental conditions or previous reproductive effort did not delay molt. Early female molt was not associated with any indicator of reproductive quality nor did it attract additional offspring care by their partners. We also found no association between early molt and the likelihood of acquiring a dominant (breeding) position or with the presence or proximity to same-sex rivals. Our study results, which are similar to previous findings in conspecific males, suggest that directional selection for early molt might be relaxed in this species, in contrast to other genetically polygamous fairy wrens in which early molt predicts extrapair mating success in males. However, the finding that molt timing is status dependent raises the possibility that other attributes of the ornament may fulfill an adaptive function in females.

scholarly journals Relationships of diversity and evenness in adaptation strategies of the effect of protective coloration of animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Bespalov ◽  
Sergei Zuev ◽  
Petr Stepanovich Kabalyants
Keyword(s):  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Protective Coloration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adaptive Role

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the diversity and uniformity of the protective coloration of animals. The protective coloration of animals is the result of the formation of adaptation strategies. The aim of this study is to identify the colorimetric parameters that characterize the adaptive properties of the protective coloration of animals in relation to their natural habitat. The relevance of this study is related to the importance of the tasks of remote collection of information about various biological species; in particular, animals that carry dangerous infections. This is all the more important in light of the current epidemic problems facing humanity. The revealed colorimetric characteristics can be used to describe digital images and their further recognition. They can be classifying features in machine learning algorithms. We give an example of digital image processing of a duck (Anas platyrhynchos). The analysis of the distribution of the found colorimetric parameter makes it possible to identify the image segments corresponding to the Anas platyrhynchos. The results thus obtained are also of interest from the point of view of the problem of the adaptive role of the diversity of biological systems in relation to the problem of the mechanisms of functioning of the protective coloration of animals.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Peran Pendamping Desa Dalam Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Agustiar Rivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Field Approach ◽  
Government Supervision ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

The presence of Village Facilitators is a demand for Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and Permendes No. 3 of 2015 concerning Village Assistance. Five years of the village fund and village assistance program have been running, but there are still problems in the field. The purpose of this study was to assess the research to determine the role of village facilitators in the development and empowerment of rural communities. This research is a qualitative study with a field approach. This research is located in villages in Klapanunggal District, Bogor Regency. The author uses data collection techniques in the form of interviews, documentation, and observation. The study results concluded that village facilitators were able to improve the accountability and transparency aspects of village government. Supervision and community participation as the subject and object of development and empowerment over the last five years, in general, have shown their existence towards a change in a healthy and independent village government system. However, the problem of not optimal assistance still occurs both at the central and regional government levels and at the village level.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICS AS POTENTIAL FOR THE PERSON'S RESILIENCE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evija KOPEIKA
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject

Scientific literature offers extensive examples of the role of mathematics education in the development of personality and intelligence as well as its application in everyday life and professional activities. Furthermore, the attitude towards the role of mathematical knowledge in the labour market is widely discussed in the society. In order to reflect the views of respondents on the issues of mathematics education and the potential values of mathematics, the survey was carried out. The research data was analysed considering the respondents` education speciality, gender, age and mathematics learning experience. Study results show that mathematics is widely used in everyday life as well as in professional activities, and gives advantage in the labour market. It is difficult to learn mathematics but it is highly worthy. Thus the subject of mathematics is becoming a crucial instrument for promoting an all-round education and personal development. Therefore, many higher education courses have to be mathematics-intensive, and students need to have a high level of competence in the subject to promote person’s resilience.

scholarly journals Zh.T. Toshchenko. Precariat: from protoclass to new class.

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1176-1179
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Osinsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Near Future

Monograph of RAS Corresponding Member Zh.T. Toshchenko is distinguished by the well-known features of the author's research style: a thorough analysis of modern social processes, the identification of new qualities, phenomena, trends and their deep scientific understanding in them. In this case, those phenomena that already have or will begin to exert a significant influence on the essence and appearance of society in the near future fall into focus. The subject of scientific interest Zh.T. Toshchenko had previously faced the problems of a paradoxical person, centaurism, phantoms, ethnocracy, theocracy, the fate of the intelligentsia, etc. An analysis of these topics led the scientist to create original, well-constructed scientific concepts, including the integral concept of the sociology of life [1], which has received scientific recognition community. The new book is dedicated to the precariate - an emerging social class, the place and role of which in the life of modern societies is becoming more tangible.

Strigolactones: a new musician in the orchestra of plant hormones

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 827-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Kohlen ◽  
Carolien Ruyter-Spira ◽  
Harro J. Bouwmeester
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Branching Factor

Strigolactones are known as germination stimulants for seeds of root parasitic plants of the Orobanchaceae and as the presymbiotic branching factor for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. They were also recently identified as a new class of plant hormones and have been the subject of many studies, leading to much advancement in our knowledge of how these molecules are involved in controlling plant development. In the first place, this concerns their role in the inhibition of shoot branching, but a number of studies have also revealed a role for strigolactones in shaping root system architecture or have suggested involvement of strigolactones in seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, and reproductive development. In all these studies, the interaction of strigolactones with other plant hormones such as auxin, abscisic acid, and ethylene is becoming clear. In this review we discuss the progress over the past 5 years in our understanding of the physiological role of strigolactones in the regulation of plant development.

scholarly journals Thermoregulation of plant systems as a factor of production processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Alexander Grishin ◽  
Andrey Grishin ◽  
Inna Knyazeva ◽  
Vladimir Grishin
Keyword(s):  
Water Current ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature Difference ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Step Control

Thermoregulation in plant systems is one of the main functions of transpiration, which plays the role of the upper terminal mover of the water current. It creates a continuous flow of water from the root system to the leaves and other vegetative organs of the plant, linking them into a single whole. This flow transports dissolved mineral and partially organic nutrients. The study of thermoregulation on plants of the strawberry garden variety Asia was conducted in 2019–2020 in the department of Closed Artificial Agroecosystems for Plant Growing at the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow. The object of the study was thermoregulation processes occurring in plant systems. The subject of the study was the culture of garden strawberry Fragaria×ananassa (Weston.) Duchesne of the ‘Asia’ variety. As a source of light energy (LE) we used a thirty-six-watt bispectral lamp, consisting of 12 three-watt LEDs of red (660 nm) and blue (450 nm) colors at a ratio of 10:2, providing constant illumination of the culture. The study results allowed for a digital control of the efficiency of production processes in plant systems, due to the implementation of a step-by-step control algorithm in digital devices. The algorithm makes it possible to establish the maximum temperature difference between the leaf surface and the air.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

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