The adaptive role of inhibition in human memory

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Storm
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
Adaptive Role

Adaptive Role of Lipids in Algae under Metal Ions Impact (a Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
V. V. Grubinko ◽  
O. I. Bodnar ◽  
A. I. Lutsiv ◽  
G. B. Viniarska
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adaptive Role

The role of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus in human memory processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Sweeney-Reed ◽  
Lars Buentjen ◽  
Jürgen Voges ◽  
Friedhelm C. Schmitt ◽  
Tino Zaehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
Memory Processing

scholarly journals Risky Politics? Associations between Adolescent Risk Preference and Political Engagement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Oosterhoff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Preference ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adaptive Role

This study examined associations among adolescent risk preference and political engagement using nationally representative Monitoring the Future data from high school seniors (N=109,574; modal age=18 years) spanning 1976-2014. Greater risk preference was associated with greater past voting, donating to a campaign, writing government officials, boycotting, and protesting. Greater risk preference was associated with higher future intentions to boycott and protest, but lower intentions to donate to or volunteer for a campaign. In general, associations between risk preference and political engagement became stronger with higher levels of political interest. Results highlight the importance of considering the adaptive role of adolescent risk preference and suggest that political engagement may be a constructive outlet for youth who pursue or are comfortable taking risks.

scholarly journals Indirect associations in learning semantic and syntactic lexical relationships

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alex Kelly ◽  
David Reitter ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Moojan Ghafurian
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Learning Support ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Memory

Computational models of distributional semantics (a.k.a. word embeddings) represent a word's meaning in terms of its relationships with all other words. We examine what grammatical information is encoded in distributional models and investigate the role of indirect associations. Distributional models are sensitive to associations between words at one degree of separation, such as 'tiger' and 'stripes', or two degrees of separation, such as 'soar' and 'fly'. By recursively adding higher levels of representations to a computational, holographic model of semantic memory, we construct a distributional model sensitive to associations between words at arbitrary degrees of separation. We find that word associations at four degrees of separation increase the similarity assigned by the model to English words that share part-of-speech or syntactic type. Word associations at four degrees of separation also improve the ability of the model to construct grammatical English sentences. Our model proposes that human memory uses indirect associations to learn part-of-speech and that the basic associative mechanisms of memory and learning support knowledge of both semantics and grammatical structure.

Gene loss and gain in the evolution of the vertebrates

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Frank H. Ruddle ◽  
Kevin L. Bentley ◽  
Michael T. Murtha ◽  
Neil Risch
Keyword(s):  
Hox Genes ◽  
Gene Loss ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Hox Gene ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Gene Expansion ◽  
Multiple Clusters ◽  
Adaptive Role ◽  
Hox Clusters

Homeobox cluster genes (Hox genes) are highly conserved and can be usefully employed to study phyletic relationships and the process of evolution itself. A phylogenetic survey of Hox genes shows an increase in gene number in some more recently evolved forms, particularly in vertebrates. The gene increase has occurred through a two-step process involving first, gene expansion to form a cluster, and second, cluster duplication to form multiple clusters. We also describe data that suggests that non-Hox genes may be preferrentially associated with the Hox clusters and raise the possibility that this association may have an adaptive biological function. Hox gene loss may also play a role in evolution. Hox gene loss is well substantiated in the vertebrates, and we identify additional possible instances of gene loss in the echinoderms and urochordates based on PCR surveys. We point out the possible adaptive role of gene loss in evolution, and urge the extension of gene mapping studies to relevant species as a means of its substantiation.

Archive

Loft Jazz ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Audio Tape ◽  
Storage Media

This chapter looks at the various challenges—both conceptual and methodological—that private archives pose to historical research. This observation is no mere esoteric exercise; many musician archivists explicitly situate their work as an intervention into historiographical processes—an intervention that mirrors the musician-run ethos of the lofts themselves. The chapter is divided into three sections that correspond to different storage media in the collection: audio tape, paper, and human memory. Each of these media carries particular affordances and limitations, and they converse with each other in interesting ways. Drawing from literature of the recent “archival turn” in the humanities, the chapter argues that engaging with these affordances is essential to understanding the role of the archive as a generative force in the writing of history.

Eyewitness Testimony

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth F. Loftus
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Repressed Memories ◽  
Witness Memory

This chapter describes the author’s studies of human memory and eyewitness testimony that drew her into a long involvement with the legal system. The history describes efforts on the part of lawyers and eyewitness scientists to introduce expert testimony about witness memory into legal cases. The author discusses the contamination of accurate memories due to misinformation after the fact, such as witnesses talking to one another or erroneous media, and the role of repressed memories in court cases. The chapter includes a brief description of the rocky path from early resistance to ultimate appreciation of the science and its usefulness in legal cases.

The time when the “Tomte” of evolution was playing with time

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
Giorgio M. Innocenti
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Differential Expansion ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Adaptive Role

Developmental constraints presumably had a major role in channeling evolution. In particular, developmental mechanisms may have coordinated the evolution of neocortex with that of other brain structures. However, the rules determining the differential expansion of different cortical territories remain to be determined as well as the adaptive role of cortical expansion versus that of the structures it is connected to. The high degree of developmental plasticity of neocortex was probably the key to its successful evolution.

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