scholarly journals The MoT3 assay does not distinguish between Magnaporthe oryzae wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipali Rani Gupta ◽  
Claudia Sarai Reyes Avila ◽  
Joe Win ◽  
Darren M. Soares ◽  
Lauren S. Ryder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Grass Hosts ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACTThe blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is comprised of lineages that exhibit varying degrees of specificity on about 50 grass hosts, including rice, wheat and barley. Reliable diagnostic tools are essential given that the pathogen has a propensity to jump to new hosts and spread to new geographic regions. Of particular concern is wheat blast, which has suddenly appeared in Bangladesh in 2016 before spreading to neighboring India. In these Asian countries, wheat blast strains are now co-occurring with the destructive rice blast pathogen raising the possibility of genetic exchange between these destructive pathogens. We assessed the recently described MoT3 diagnostic assay and found that it did not distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh. The assay is based on primers matching the WB12 sequence corresponding to a fragment of the M. oryzae MGG_02337 gene annotated as a short chain dehydrogenase. These primers could not reliably distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh based on DNA amplification experiments performed in separate laboratories in Bangladesh and in the UK. In addition, comparative genomics of the WB12 sequence revealed a complex underlying genetic structure with related sequences across M. oryzae strains and in both rice and wheat blast isolates. We, therefore, caution against the indiscriminate use of this assay to identify wheat blast.

scholarly journals Cautionary Notes on Use of the MoT3 Diagnostic Assay for Magnaporthe oryzae Wheat and Rice Blast Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipali Rani Gupta ◽  
Claudia Sarai Reyes Avila ◽  
Joe Win ◽  
Darren M. Soanes ◽  
Lauren S. Ryder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Grass Hosts ◽  
Further Development

The blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is comprised of lineages that exhibit varying degrees of specificity on about 50 grass hosts, including rice, wheat, and barley. Reliable diagnostic tools are essential given that the pathogen has a propensity to jump to new hosts and spread to new geographic regions. Of particular concern is wheat blast, which has suddenly appeared in Bangladesh in 2016 before spreading to neighboring India. In these Asian countries, wheat blast strains are now co-occurring with the destructive rice blast pathogen raising the possibility of genetic exchange between these destructive pathogens. We assessed the recently described MoT3 diagnostic assay and found that it did not distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh. The assay is based on primers matching the WB12 sequence corresponding to a fragment of the M. oryzae MGG_02337 gene annotated as a short chain dehydrogenase. These primers could not reliably distinguish between wheat and rice blast isolates from Bangladesh based on DNA amplification experiments performed in separate laboratories in Bangladesh and in the United Kingdom. Specifically, all eight rice blast isolates tested in this study produced the WB12 amplicon. In addition, comparative genomics of the WB12 nucleotide sequence revealed a complex underlying genetic structure with related sequences across M. oryzae strains and in both rice and wheat blast isolates. We, therefore, caution against the indiscriminate use of this assay to identify wheat blast and encourage further development of the assay to ensure its value in diagnosis.

scholarly journals Gene Flow between Divergent Cereal- and Grass-Specific Lineages of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Gladieux ◽  
Bradford Condon ◽  
Sebastien Ravel ◽  
Darren Soanes ◽  
Joao Leodato Nunes Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
South America ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Delineating species and epidemic lineages in fungal plant pathogens is critical to our understanding of disease emergence and the structure of fungal biodiversity and also informs international regulatory decisions. Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) is a multihost pathogen that infects multiple grasses and cereals, is responsible for the most damaging rice disease (rice blast), and is of growing concern due to the recent introduction of wheat blast to Bangladesh from South America. However, the genetic structure and evolutionary history of M. oryzae, including the possible existence of cryptic phylogenetic species, remain poorly defined. Here, we use whole-genome sequence information for 76 M. oryzae isolates sampled from 12 grass and cereal genera to infer the population structure of M. oryzae and to reassess the species status of wheat-infecting populations of the fungus. Species recognition based on genealogical concordance, using published data or extracting previously used loci from genome assemblies, failed to confirm a prior assignment of wheat blast isolates to a new species (Pyricularia graminis-tritici). Inference of population subdivisions revealed multiple divergent lineages within M. oryzae, each preferentially associated with one host genus, suggesting incipient speciation following host shift or host range expansion. Analyses of gene flow, taking into account the possibility of incomplete lineage sorting, revealed that genetic exchanges have contributed to the makeup of multiple lineages within M. oryzae. These findings provide greater understanding of the ecoevolutionary factors that underlie the diversification of M. oryzae and highlight the practicality of genomic data for epidemiological surveillance in this important multihost pathogen. IMPORTANCE Infection of novel hosts is a major route for disease emergence by pathogenic microorganisms. Understanding the evolutionary history of multihost pathogens is therefore important to better predict the likely spread and emergence of new diseases. Magnaporthe oryzae is a multihost fungus that causes serious cereal diseases, including the devastating rice blast disease and wheat blast, a cause of growing concern due to its recent spread from South America to Asia. Using whole-genome analysis of 76 fungal strains from different hosts, we have documented the divergence of M. oryzae into numerous lineages, each infecting a limited number of host species. Our analyses provide evidence that interlineage gene flow has contributed to the genetic makeup of multiple M. oryzae lineages within the same species. Plant health surveillance is therefore warranted to safeguard against disease emergence in regions where multiple lineages of the fungus are in contact with one another.

scholarly journals Gene flow between divergent cereal‐ and grass-specific lineages of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Gladieux ◽  
Bradford Condon ◽  
Sebastien Ravel ◽  
Darren Soanes ◽  
Joao Leodato Nunes Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
South America ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
History Of

AbstractDelineating species and epidemic lineages in fungal plant pathogens is critical to our understanding of disease emergence and the structure of fungal biodiversity, and also informs international regulatory decisions. Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) is a multi-host pathogen that infects multiple grasses and cereals, is responsible for the most damaging rice disease (rice blast), and of growing concern due to the recent introduction of wheat blast to Bangladesh from South America. However, the genetic structure and evolutionary history of M. oryzae, including the possible existence of cryptic phylogenetic species, remain poorly defined. Here, we use whole-genome sequence information for 76 M. oryzae isolates sampled from 12 grass and cereal genera to infer the population structure of M. oryzae, and to reassess the species status of wheat-infecting populations of the fungus. Species recognition based on genealogical concordance, using published data or extracting previously-used loci from genome assemblies, failed to confirm a prior assignment of wheat blast isolates to a new species (Pyricularia graminis tritici). Inference of population subdivisions revealed multiple divergent lineages within M. oryzae, each preferentially associated with one host genus, suggesting incipient speciation following host shift or host range expansion. Analyses of gene flow, taking into account the possibility of incomplete lineage sorting, revealed that genetic exchanges have contributed to the makeup of multiple lineages within M. oryzae. These findings provide greater understanding of the eco-evolutionary factors that underlie the diversification of M. oryzae and highlight the practicality of genomic data for epidemiological surveillance in this important multi-host pathogen.ImportanceInfection of novel hosts is a major route for disease emergence by pathogenic micro-organisms. Understanding the evolutionary history of multi-host pathogens is therefore important to better predict the likely spread and emergence of new diseases. Magnaporthe oryzae is a multi-host fungus that causes serious cereal diseases, including the devastating rice blast disease, and wheat blast, a cause of growing concern due to its recent spread from South America to Asia. Using whole genome analysis of 76 fungal strains from different hosts, we have documented the divergence of M. oryzae into numerous lineages, each infecting a limited number of host species. Our analyses provide evidence that inter-lineage gene flow has contributed to the genetic makeup of multiple M. oryzae lineages within the same species. Plant health surveillance is therefore warranted to safeguard against disease emergence in regions where multiple lineages of the fungus are in contact with one another.

scholarly journals A Response to Gupta et al. (2019) Regarding the MoT3 Wheat Blast Diagnostic Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarred Yasuhara-Bell ◽  
Michael L. Pieck ◽  
Amy Ruck ◽  
Mark L. Farman ◽  
Gary L. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Recent Letter ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Letter To The Editor

This is a response to a recent Letter to the Editor of Phytopathology, in which Gupta et al. (2019) caution against the indiscriminate use of the MoT3 diagnostic assay that distinguishes isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae in the Triticum lineage from those that do not cause aggressive wheat blast. We confirm that the assay does reliably distinguish between wheat and rice isolates from Bangladesh and worldwide, as described in the original paper by Pieck et al. (2017) . We have been unable to reproduce the equally intense amplification of WB12 and WB12-like sequences reported in Figure 1 of the Letter. Other data presented by Gupta et al. (2019) support the specificity of the MoT3 assay. Therefore, cautions beyond those always associated with accurate reproduction of diagnostic assays are unwarranted.

scholarly journals Cell scientist to watch – Yasin Dagdas

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (19) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Morphogenesis ◽  
Pathogen Effector ◽  
Gregor Mendel ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACT Yasin Dagdas studied biotechnology at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey. In 2009, he moved to the UK to join the lab of Nicholas Talbot for his PhD at University of Exeter. There, he studied the role of cellular morphogenesis in the pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Yasin then did a postdoc with Sophien Kamoun from 2013–2016 at The Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, where he discovered how a plant pathogen effector has evolved to antagonize a host autophagy cargo receptor. In 2017, he established his own group at the Gregor Mendel Institute in Vienna. Research in his lab focusses on autophagy-mediated cellular quality control mechanisms in plants.

scholarly journals Investigating the cell and developmental biology of plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

2021 ◽  
pp. 103562
Author(s):  
Alice Bisola Eseola ◽  
Lauren S. Ryder ◽  
Míriam Osés-Ruiz ◽  
Kim Findlay ◽  
Xia Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Blast Fungus ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Blast Fungus

scholarly journals Understanding Rice-Magnaporthe Oryzae Interaction in Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars of Rice under Panicle Blast Infection Using a Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Vishesh Kumar ◽  
Priyanka Jain ◽  
Sureshkumar Venkadesan ◽  
Suhas Gorakh Karkute ◽  
Jyotika Bhati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Panicle Blast

Rice blast is a global threat to food security with up to 50% yield losses. Panicle blast is a more severe form of rice blast and the response of rice plant to leaf and panicle blast is distinct in different genotypes. To understand the specific response of rice in panicle blast, transcriptome analysis of blast resistant cultivar Tetep, and susceptible cultivar HP2216 was carried out using RNA-Seq approach after 48, 72 and 96 h of infection with Magnaporthe oryzae along with mock inoculation. Transcriptome data analysis of infected panicle tissues revealed that 3553 genes differentially expressed in HP2216 and 2491 genes in Tetep, which must be the responsible factor behind the differential disease response. The defense responsive genes are involved mainly in defense pathways namely, hormonal regulation, synthesis of reactive oxygen species, secondary metabolites and cell wall modification. The common differentially expressed genes in both the cultivars were defense responsive transcription factors, NBS-LRR genes, kinases, pathogenesis related genes and peroxidases. In Tetep, cell wall strengthening pathway represented by PMR5, dirigent, tubulin, cell wall proteins, chitinases, and proteases was found to be specifically enriched. Additionally, many novel genes having DOMON, VWF, and PCaP1 domains which are specific to cell membrane were highly expressed only in Tetep post infection, suggesting their role in panicle blast resistance. Thus, our study shows that panicle blast resistance is a complex phenomenon contributed by early defense response through ROS production and detoxification, MAPK and LRR signaling, accumulation of antimicrobial compounds and secondary metabolites, and cell wall strengthening to prevent the entry and spread of the fungi. The present investigation provided valuable candidate genes that can unravel the mechanisms of panicle blast resistance and help in the rice blast breeding program.

Tracing seed to seeding transmission of the wheat blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Martinez ◽  
A. Wegner ◽  
S. Bohnert ◽  
U. Schaffrath ◽  
A. Perello
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Wheat Blast
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