scholarly journals New Evidence of the Earliest Domestic Dogs in the Americas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Perri ◽  
Chris Widga ◽  
Dennis Lawler ◽  
Terrance Martin ◽  
Thomas Loebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractThe domestication of dogs probably occurred in Eurasia by 16,000 years ago, with the initial peopling of the Americas potentially happening around the same time. Dogs were long thought to have accompanied the first migrations into the Americas, but conclusive evidence for Paleoindian dogs is lacking. The direct dating of two dogs from the Koster site (Greene Co., Illinois) and a newly-described dog from the Stilwell II site (Pike Co., Illinois) to between 10,190-9,630 cal BP represents the earliest evidence of domestic dogs in the Americas and individual dog burials in worldwide archaeological record. The over 4,500 year discrepancy between the timing of initial human migration into the Americas and the earliest evidence for domesticated dogs suggests either earlier dogs are going unseen or unidentified or dogs arrived later with a subsequent human migration.

scholarly journals NEW EVIDENCE OF THE EARLIEST DOMESTIC DOGS IN THE AMERICAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Perri ◽  
Chris Widga ◽  
Dennis Lawler ◽  
Terrance Martin ◽  
Thomas Loebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Pike County ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
Riverine Fish ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Greene County ◽  
Isotope Analyses

The domestication of dogs likely occurred in Eurasia by 16,000 years ago, and the initial peopling of the Americas potentially happened around the same time. Dogs were long thought to have accompanied the first migrations into the Americas, but conclusive evidence for Paleoindian dogs is lacking. In this study, the direct dating of two dogs from the Koster site (Greene County, Illinois) and a newly described dog from the Stilwell II site (Pike County, Illinois) to between 10,190 and 9,630 cal BP represents the earliest confirmed evidence of domestic dogs in the Americas and individual dog burials anywhere in the world. Analysis of these animals shows Early Archaic dogs were medium sized, lived active lifestyles, and exhibited significant morphological variation. Stable isotope analyses suggest diets dominated by terrestrial C3resources and substantial consumption of riverine fish.

New evidence for Upper Palaeolithic small domestic dogs in South-Western Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2123-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Pionnier-Capitan ◽  
Céline Bemilli ◽  
Pierre Bodu ◽  
Guy Célérier ◽  
Jean-Georges Ferrié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals New evidence on the link between ethnic fractionalization and economic freedom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Marson ◽  
Matteo Migheli ◽  
Donatella Saccone
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Ethnic Fractionalization ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractAmong the determinants of economic freedom, the presence of different ethnic groups within a country has sometimes been explored by the empirical literature, without conclusive evidence on the sign of the relation, its drivers, and the conditions under which it holds. This paper offers new evidence by empirically modelling how ethnic fragmentation is related to economic freedom, as measured by the Economic Freedom Index and by each of its numerous areas, components and sub-components. The results provide insights on the components driving the effect and, interestingly, detect notable differences between developed and developing countries.

THE ANGLO-NORMAN ABBEY CHURCH OF ST ALBANS AND THE AISLELESS NAVE OF ITS CRUCIFORM PREDECESSOR: THE MATERIAL EVIDENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jill A Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Cruciform Structure ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Solid Walls

Within the Romanesque abbey church at St Albans (Hertfordshire), the vestiges of an earlier structure have been identified for the first time. A hitherto unrecorded feature in the transept, noted by the author in 2017, indicates that, at some stage, the nave lacked its existing arcade piers and instead had solid walls. The implications of this are considerable, calling for a thorough reassessment of the building’s history. For now, it is important to record the primary evidence, so as to make it available for further research. This article aims to provide a concise account of the evidence and a summary of what it might mean. According to the thirteenth-century chronicler, Matthew Paris, the existing church was begun in 1077 and completed in 1088. New evidence indicates, however, that the Romanesque building, with its aisled nave and presbytery, was preceded by a cruciform structure without aisles. The inference is that the existing building contains the fabric of this unaisled predecessor. The obvious conclusion – that it therefore represents the lost Anglo-Saxon abbey church – does not follow without question; as yet, excavation has yielded no conclusive evidence of an earlier church on the site. The critical diagnostic feature presented here for the first time adds substance to the view that the remodelling of unaisled buildings was not uncommon in the post-Conquest period, including large as well as minor churches, as identified long ago at York Minster and, more recently, at Worksop Priory.

scholarly journals New evidence for an early settlement of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: The Chan Hol 3 woman and her meaning for the Peopling of the Americas

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0227984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Stinnesbeck ◽  
Samuel R. Rennie ◽  
Jerónimo Avilés Olguín ◽  
Sarah R. Stinnesbeck ◽  
Silvia Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
New Evidence

On a Pleistocene human occupation at Pedra Furada, Brazil

Antiquity ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (261) ◽  
pp. 695-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Meltzer ◽  
James M. Adovasio ◽  
Tom D. Dillehay
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
Monte Verde ◽  
A Site

The last decades of fieldwork have not decisively upset the long-held view that the settlement of the Americas occurred in the very latest Pleistocene, as marked in North America by the Clovis archaeological horizon at about 11,200 years ago, and by a variety of contemporaneous South American industries. Yet there are several sites that may prove to be older, among them Pedra Furada, in the thorn forest of northeastern Brazil, a large and remarkable rock-shelter, whose Pleistocene deposits have been interpreted as containing clear evidence of human occupation.This paper offers a considered view of Pedra Furada from three archaeologists with a wide range of experiences in sites of all ages in the Americas and elsewhere, but who also share a special interest and expertise in the issues Pedra Furada has raised: Meltzer from long study of the peopling of the Americas and the frame of thinking within which we address that issue (Meltzer 1993a; 1993b); Adovasio from his intensive excavations and analysis of the Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania, the prime North American pre-Clovis candidate (Adovasio et al. 1990; Donahue & Adovasio 1990); and Dillehay from his work at the Monte Verde site in Chile, a site in which extraordinary preservation has produced a rich archaeological record with radiocarbon ages in excess of 12,500 years b.p. (Dillehay 1989a; in press). At the invitation of the Pedra Furada team, the three travelled to Brazil last December to participate in an international conference on the peopling of the Americas, and see first-hand the evidence from Pedra Furada.

New Evidence on the Origin and Ancestry of Maize

1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Mangelsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Extreme Type ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Modern Maize ◽  
New Evidence

New evidence concerning the origin of maize — a question which has puzzled botanists for more than a century — has made it possible to reach several rather definite conclusions:(1)Maize is undoubtedly an American plant.(2)Maize undoubtedly had at least one center of origin in Middle America.(3)The ancestor of maize is maize.(4)The ancestor of maize is a form of pod corn, hut perhaps not the extreme type of pod corn known today. The ancestor was certainly a popcorn.(5)Sometime in its history maize hybridized with Tripsacum or teosinte or both to produce radically new types which comprise the majority of modern maize varieties of North America.The evidence on which these rather sweeping conclusions rest comes from three fields —botany, archaeology, and genetics.Substantially conclusive evidence of the American origin of maize was obtained from fossil pollen grains discovered at a depth of more than 200 feet below Mexico City.

Cassius Dio's figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Dvir Raviv ◽  
Chaim Ben David
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Literary Source ◽  
Historical Accuracy ◽  
Settlement Studies ◽  
Jewish Revolt ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Scholars have long doubted the historical accuracy of Cassius Dio's account of the consequences of the Bar Kokhba War (Roman History 69.14). According to this text, considered the most reliable literary source for the Second Jewish Revolt, the war encompassed all of Judea: the Romans destroyed 985 villages and 50 fortresses, and killed 580,000 rebels. This article reassesses Cassius Dio's figures by drawing on new evidence from excavations and surveys in Judea, Transjordan, and the Galilee. Three research methods are combined: an ethno-archaeological comparison with the settlement picture in the Ottoman Period, comparison with similar settlement studies in the Galilee, and an evaluation of settled sites from the Middle Roman Period (70–136 CE). The study demonstrates the potential contribution of the archaeological record to this issue and supports the view of Cassius Dio's demographic data as a reliable account, which he based on contemporaneous documentation.

scholarly journals Formalization of Evidence: A Comparative Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Degree Of Belief ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Evidential Support ◽  
The One ◽  
New Evidence

Formalization of Evidence: A Comparative StudyThis article analyzes and compares several approaches of formalizing the notion of evidence in the context of general-purpose reasoning system. In each of these approaches, the notion of evidence is defined, and the evidence-based degree of belief is represented by a binary value, a number (such as a probability), or two numbers (such as an interval). The binary approaches provide simple ways to represent conclusive evidence, but cannot properly handle inconclusive evidence. The one-number approaches naturally represent inconclusive evidence as a degree of belief, but lack the information needed to revise this degree. It is argued that for systems opening to new evidence, each belief should at least have two numbers attached to indicate its evidential support. A few such approaches are discussed, including the approach used in NARS, which is designed according to the considerations of general-purpose intelligent systems, and provides novel solutions to several traditional problems on evidence.

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