scholarly journals Optimization of the South African indigenous fungal growth for the degradation of diclofenac sodium from water

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddy Kabeya Kasonga
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
South African ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Emerging Pollutant

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe occurrence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) or active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their risk assessment in the environment over a decade have become a real concern in various existing water resources. Microbial bioremediation of organic pollutants in wastewater is a key process in both natural and engineered systems. This study aimed to the use of green technology with South African indigenous fungi for the removal of diclofenac from water, which is an environmentally friendly process applied to manage water quality at large.MethodThe fungal growth was optimised in flasks, then the aerated and stationary batch flasks were run for 14 d and samples taken once daily in order to carry out the fungal removal efficiency of the most popular and anti-analgesic anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac sodium (DCF) from water. The five isolate South African indigenous fungal strains (ISAIFS) T. longibrachiatum, T. polyzona, A. niger, M. circinelloides and R. microsporus were then found to have a optimum growth in low nitrogen medium (LN-m) at temperature range of between 26.5°C to 31.5 °C and pH around 3 to 4.5.ResultsAspergillus niger gave better growth and seemed thermotolerence than others. Glucose supply as well as physicochemical parameters such as pH and temperature have shown to have play a vital role on fungal growth in suspension liquid media. The best DCF degradation result obtained was 95% by R. microsporus in aerated batch flasks after 7 d followed by A. niger with 80% of DCF removal, while the only one white-rot fungi (WRF) of that isolate fungal group, T. polyzona did not give the best DCF elimination as expected for the same period.ConclusionFinally, the effectiveness of DCF elimination by each isolate South African indigenous fungal strain (ISAIFS) was found to be better than some traditional methods used in wastewater treatment plants, including: coagulation-flocculation, nitrifying and denitrifying and sewage treatment. These fungal species especially R. microsporus, A. niger and M. circinelloides can be used for the degradation of emerging pollutant in wastewater treatment plants.

Nanofiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallenkemper ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Set Up

Endocrine disrupting compounds can affect the hormone system in organisms. A wide range of endocrine disrupters were found in sewage and effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Toxicological evaluations indicate that conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove these substances sufficiently before disposing effluent into the environment. Membrane technology, which is proving to be an effective barrier to these substances, is the subject of this research. Nanofiltration provides high quality permeates in water and wastewater treatment. Eleven different nanofiltration membranes were tested in the laboratory set-up. The observed retention for nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) ranged between 70% and 100%. The contact angle is an indicator for the hydrophobicity of a membrane, whose influence on the permeability and retention of NP was evident. The retention of BPA was found to be inversely proportional to the membrane permeability.

Condensed conifer tannins as antifungal agents in liquid culture

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Kaisa Anttila ◽  
Anna Maria Pirttilä ◽  
Hely Häggman ◽  
Anni Harju ◽  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Wood Preservatives ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

Abstract In the last decades, many wood preservatives have been prohibited for their ecotoxicity. The present article is focusing on the conifer-derived condensed tannins as environment-friendly options for the substitution of artificial wood preservatives. Eight different tannin fractions were extracted from spruce cones, spruce barks, and pine cones. The parameters of tannin extraction, such as the methods of purification and concentration of active components in the extracts, have been investigated. The cone and bark extracts were tested for the growth inhibition of eight brown-rot fungi, three white-rot fungi, and four soft-rot fungi in liquid cultures. The cone tannins provided a more efficient fungal growth inhibition than bark tannins. Purification increased the antifungal properties of the extracts. The growth of brown-rot fungi was inhibited by the tannins already at low concentrations. However, the extracts were not effective against the white-rot or soft-rot fungi. More investigation is needed concerning the tannin source and the purification procedure of the extracts before tannins can be considered as an ecologically benign wood preservative.

Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disruptors in Wastewater Treatment Effluents and in the Water Supply System of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Chen ◽  
Klas Ohman ◽  
Chris Metcalfe ◽  
Michael G. Ikonomou ◽  
Prasanna L. Amatya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Aquatic Life

Abstract Due to a growing interest in the occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the aquatic environment and their potential impacts on humans and the environment, a collaborative study was conducted on these emerging contaminants in the effluents from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in the drinking water supply system of Calgary, Alberta. A number of PhACs and EDCs were detected in the WWTP effluents, at concentrations ranging from ng/L to low µ-g/L. Although these compounds were generally removed from WWTP effluents during wastewater treatment, some compounds, such as carbamazepine were more persistent. Some target PhACs and EDCs were detected at low ng/L levels in the surface and potable water in this study. Currently, there is no evidence that trace amounts of PhACs and EDCs in Calgary's waterways can have a health impact on humans, but they may pose adverse chronic effects on aquatic life.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of micronizing zinc borate to improve its fungicidal properties

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 6231-6246
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Ibáñez ◽  
Alvaro Camargo ◽  
Carlos Mantero ◽  
Ricardo Faccio ◽  
Antonio Malanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Fungicidal Action

The effectiveness was evaluated for an established wood preservative, zinc borate, prepared in an agitating bead mill to extensively reduce its particle size. The generated micro- or nano-particles of zinc borate were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, and the particle size distribution was determined to evaluate the effect of milling. Then the fungicidal effectiveness of the zinc borate of both milled and unmilled samples were assayed against brown- and white-rot fungi, on culture medium and on conifer and hardwood as substrates. Treated wood samples were subjected to leaching tests. Scanning electron microscopic images of wood samples were examined to analyze the distribution of zinc borate within the wood. The micronized zinc product kept its crystal structure intact, and it increased the proportion of particles with diameters below 100 nm by 25% when compared to the unmilled product. Malt extract-agar medium supplemented with 2.5% of w/w milled and unmilled zinc borate inhibited fungal growth tested. Both milled and unmilled zinc borate protected the wood when not subjected to leaching. The milled sample of zinc borate improved resistance to leaching, which would allow its application in environments of high moisture content; however, it did not improve the fungicidal action against decay fungi.

scholarly journals The impact of sludge return liquors on South African wastewater treatment plants

Water SA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Nsengiyumva ◽  
Yuva Coothen ◽  
David Ikumi ◽  
Kirshen Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Steady State ◽  
South African ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Struvite Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

There have been three considerable shifts, in the past 20 years, in the conventional design and modelling of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs): (i) single unit process to plant-wide modelling, (ii) consideration of WWTPs as water and resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), and (iii) the need to simplify WWTP models to allow their intake by new stakeholders (i.e. plant operators, designers and decision-makers) who use these models for evaluation of WWTP optimisation strategies. The latter shift has prompted the debate about model complexity versus the required modelling purpose among modellers. In addition to the aforementioned shifts, there has been limited research on the impact of sludge recycling dewatering liquor on the overall plant performance, especially in the context of South African WWTPs. A simplified full-scale steady-state WWTP simulation tool was developed, based on principles of sound mass-balance stoichiometry and rate-limiting kinetics. This tool enables the user to analyse the impact of recycling the DWL on the plant performance through different scenarios. The strategic scenarios evaluated included the implementation of two side-stream treatment processes (STPs), namely BABE and struvite precipitation. The evaluation of various strategies was done using the benchmark simulation model (BSM) task group plant performance indices (i.e. effluent quality and operational cost indices, EQI and OCI, respectively) incorporated into the simplified steady-state full-scale models. The integration of STP in the WWTP layout results in better EQI and OCI. The composition of the DWL affects the choice of the STP to be used, i.e., for DWL from an AD treating WAS that is not P-rich the recommended side-stream treatment operation would be the BABE process rather than struvite precipitation.

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