scholarly journals Toxicity of TiO2, SiO2, ZnO, CuO, Au and Ag engineered nanoparticles on hatching and early nauplii of Artemia sp.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Rohit ◽  
Ch. Lakshmi N Murthy ◽  
Mohammed M Idris ◽  
Shashi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Efficient Test ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Commercial Applications

AbstractThe potential of environmental release enhances with increased commercial applications of the nanomaterials. A simple and efficient test to estimate the acute toxicity of nanoparticles is carried out in this work using Artemia species and their hatching rate. We have tested six different engineered nanoparticles (silver, gold, copper oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and silicon nanoparticles) and three soluble salts (CuSO4, ZnSO4 and AgNO3) on Artemia sp. The physiochemical properties of the nanoparticles involved in this study are estimated and their properties in normal water and marine water were analyzed. Hydrated and bleached Artemia cysts were allowed to hatch in continuously aerated, filtered sterile salt water containing nanoparticles; hatching of viable nauplii vs total hatchlings were recorded. In parallel, Standard Artemia toxicity test was conducted on the nauplii monitoring the viability. A comparison of results obtained in both experiments is discussed. The toxicity of the nanoparticles was compared and the order of toxicity is estimated as Ag>CuO>ZnO>Au>TiO2>SiO2.

scholarly journals Toxicity of TiO2, SiO2, ZnO, CuO, Au and Ag engineered nanoparticles on hatching and early nauplii of Artemia sp.

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Rekulapally ◽  
Lakshmi Narsimha Murthy Chavali ◽  
Mohammed M. Idris ◽  
Shashi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Efficient Test ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Hatching Experiment ◽  
Hatching Rates

The potential of environmental release enhances with increased commercial applications of the nanomaterials. In this work, a simple and efficient test to estimate the acute toxicity of nanoparticles is carried out on Artemia species and their hatching rates. We have tested six different engineered nanoparticles (silver, gold, copper oxide, zinc oxide, TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles) and three soluble salts (CuSO4, ZnSO4 and AgNO3) on Artemia sp. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles involved in this study were analyzed in normal water and marine water. Hydrated and bleached Artemia cysts were allowed to hatch in continuously aerated, filtered sterile salt water containing nanoparticles; hatching of viable nauplii and total hatchlings have been recorded. In parallel, standard Artemia toxicity test was conducted on the nauplii monitoring the viability. In hatching experiments, a reduction in hatching rate was observed along with mortality of newly hatched nauplii. The results of the hatching experiment and of the standard Artemia test showed a good correlation. The toxicity of the nanoparticles was compared and the order of toxicity was estimated as Ag>CuO>ZnO>Au>TiO2>SiO2. The study thus suggests that the hatching test itself is a reliable assay for determining the toxicity of nanomaterials.

Design and Parameter Analysis of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication with Different Water Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vijayakumari ◽  
M. Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Acoustic Method ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Optical Wireless Communications ◽  
Wireless Optical Communication ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Normal Water

AbstractUnderwater optical wireless communications (UOWC) have recently received considerable attention for both research and commercial use because of their facility to provide a much higher data rate than the traditional acoustic method within comparatively small distances. Many potential application of UWOC systems have been proposed for environmental monitoring, exploration, disaster precaution, and military operations. In all the above mentioned research works, high absorption and scattering of optical transmission in the water limits the benefits of UOWC systems to only few meters. In order to overcome these technical challenges, several new system design approaches proposed. This work is done in salt water. Salt water cannot be used for drinking because it causes dehydration. This paper analysis the performance of the system using different water samples like salt water, turbid water, normal water, etc.

scholarly journals The Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Male (In)Fertility

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Pinho ◽  
Sandra Rebelo ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Exceptional Set ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
The Impact

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among nanoscale materials, attracting increasing attention owing to their exceptional set of characteristics, which makes these engineered nanoparticles a great option for improving the quality and effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment. The capacity of ZnO NPs to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, and apoptosis represents a promise for their use in both cancer therapy and microbial treatment. However, their intrinsic toxicity together with their easy entrance and accumulation in organism have raised some concerns regarding the biomedical use of these NPs. Several studies have reported that ZnO NPs might induce cytotoxic effects on the male reproductive system, compromising male fertility. Despite some advances in this area, the knowledge of the effects of ZnO NPs on male fertility is still scarce. Overall, a brief outline of the major ZnO NPs biomedical applications and promises in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic use will also be explored. Further, this review intends to discuss the effect of ZnO NPs exposure on the male reproductive system and speculate their effects on male (in)fertility.

The use of saline water for irrigating rice in northern Australia

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Soil Conductivity ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Reproductive Phases

A pot trial to assess the effect of salt water on growth and yield of rice in the Northern Territory of Australia was conducted in 1962-63. Two varieties were irrigated with three levels of salinity for varied durations in either the establishment or reproductive phases. Plant emergence was significantly depressed by soil conductivities in excess of 4 m-mhos/cm at 25�C. The restricted use of up to 3000 p.p.m. total soluble salts from 10 days after emergence and of up to 6000 p.p.m. from 20 days after emergence, followed by fresh water, had no effect on flowering time, vegetative or grain yields. The application of 3000 and 6000 p.p.m. total soluble salts in the reproductive phase reduced mean panicle number and grain yield of both varieties and straw yield of one variety. Use of saline water in the establishment phase followed by fresh water and drainage, reduced soil conductivity. In the reproductive phase it nullified the effect of previous fresh water flushing and tended to increase soil conductivity above original levels.

scholarly journals Low power zinc-oxide based charge trapping memory with embedded silicon nanoparticles via poole-frenkel hole emission

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 013112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazek El-Atab ◽  
Ayse Ozcan ◽  
Sabri Alkis ◽  
Ali K. Okyay ◽  
Ammar Nayfeh
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Charge Trapping Memory

Comparing Tests on the Durability of Concrete after Long-Term Immersion in Different Salt Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 1087-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Su ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Dynamic Elastic Modulus ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Concrete Damage ◽  
Damage Law

The western region of Jilin province is one of the areas with the most serious saline soil, which is the type of inland soda salt. In order to study the damage law of concrete under the condition of long-term erosion by the soluble salts in saline soil or groundwater or saturated salt water, three groups of salt solution, Na2SO4, NaCl, NaHCO3 solution, were made according to the content of soluble salts in saline soil of Daan city in spring, and water was as a comparison. The comparing tests of long-term immersion were conducted on the normal concrete specimens with the size of 40mm×40mm×160mm. The results show that there is little change on the appearance, mass and dynamic elastic modulus of concrete soaked in water. But for the concrete soaked in salt solution, the loss rate of mass changes from reduction to growth, the relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete grows at first and declines later. Through analysis of electron microscope scanning, energy spectrum and chemical composition of concrete samples, concrete damage caused by salts includes chemical erosion and salt crystallization damage. Na2SO4 mainly influences the dynamic elastic modulus of concrete, NaCl mainly influences the mass of concrete due to its strong penetration, while NaHCO3, ranking between the two salts above, largely influences not only the mass of concrete, but also the dynamic elastic modulus of concrete.

Toxicity of zinc oxide and iron oxide engineered nanoparticles to Bacillus subtilis in river water systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. Leareng ◽  
Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa ◽  
Ndeke Musee
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles

Zinc oxide (nZnO) and iron oxide (nFeOx) engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are widely used in consumer products and industrial applications, and consequently, are continuously being released into the environment.

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