scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis reveals similarities in genetic activation of detoxification mechanisms resulting from imidacloprid and chlorothalonil exposure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Clements ◽  
Benjamin Sanchez-Sedillo ◽  
Christopher Bradfield ◽  
Russell L. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is an agricultural pest of commercial potatoes in parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Plant protection strategies within this geographic range employ a variety of pesticides to combat not only the insect, but also plant pathogens. Previous research has shown that field populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata have a chronological history of resistance development to a suite of insecticides, including the Group 4A neonicotinoids. The aim of this study is to contextualize the transcriptomic response of Leptinotarsa decemlineata when exposed to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, or the fungicides boscalid or chlorothalonil, in order to determine whether these compounds induce similar detoxification mechanisms. We found that chlorothalonil and imidacloprid induced similar patterns of transcript expression, including the up-regulation of a cytochrome p450 and a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase transcript, which are often associated with xenobiotic metabolism. Further, transcriptomic responses varied among individuals within the same treatment group, suggesting individual insects’ responses vary within a population and may cope with chemical stressors in a variety of manners. These results further our understanding of the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance in Leptinotarsa decemlineata.Author Contribution StatementConceived and designed the experiments: JC, CB, RLG. Performed the experiments: JC, BSS. Analyzed the data: JC, BSS. Wrote the paper: JC, BSS, RLG.

Cooperation of enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say)

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 695-700
Author(s):  
E. Szilágyi ◽  
C. Hámori ◽  
P. Bíró-Molnár ◽  
L. Kandra ◽  
J. Remenyik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Protection Activity ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

AbstractColorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say) is the main pest of Solanaceae and its survival is mainly dependent on the carbohydrate digestion. Characterizing the gut enzymes may help us with finding effective inhibitors for plant protection. Activity measurements revealed that gut extracts contain α- and β-glucosidase in addition to α-amylase. For larvae, amylase activity was detected only in gut saturated with nutrients.Leptinotarsa decemlineataα-amylase (LDAmy) had optimum pH of 6.0 and was active under 30–40°C temperature measured on a selective α-amylase substrate, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-4-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-maltoside. HPLC analysis demonstrated dimer, trimer, and tetramer reducing end amylolytic products from 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaoside substrate in similar ratio than that of during porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) catalyzed hydrolysis. The 4,6-O-benzylidene-modified substrate (BzG7PNP) is very stable toward hydrolysis byexo-glycosidases, therefore is very useful to monitor the digestion catalyzed by α-amylases exclusively. Similarly to PPA active site, three glycon and two aglycon binding sites are suggested for LDAmy based on the pattern of early hydrolysis products of BzG7PNP. The observed similarity between LDAmy and PPA raises the possibility of using known inhibitors of mammalian α-amylases to protect the potato plant from attack of Colorado potato beetle.

scholarly journals Intact double stranded RNA is mobile and triggers RNAi against viral and fungal plant pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Brosnan ◽  
Anne Sawyer ◽  
Filipe Fenselau Felippes ◽  
Bernard J Carroll ◽  
Peter M Waterhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Transgenic Breeding ◽  
Protection Strategies

Topical application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as RNA interference(RNAi) based biopesticides represents a sustainable alternative to traditional transgenic, breeding-based or chemical crop protection strategies. A key feature of RNAi is its ability to act non-cell autonomously, a process that plays a critical role in plant protection. However, the uptake of dsRNA upon topical application, and its ability to move and act non-cell autonomously remains debated and largely unexplored. Here we show that when applied to a leaf, unprocessed full-length dsRNA enters the vasculature and rapidly moves to multiple distal below ground, vegetative and reproductive tissue types in several model plant and crop hosts. Intact unprocessed dsRNA was detected in the apoplast of leaves, roots and flowers after leaf application and maintained in subsequent new growth. Furthermore, we show mobile dsRNA is functional against root infecting fungal and foliar viral pathogens. Our demonstration of the uptake and maintained movement of intact and functional dsRNA stands to add significant benefit to the emerging field of RNAi-based plant protection.

scholarly journals Agricultural fungicides inadvertently influence the fitness of Colorado potato beetles,Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and their susceptibility to insecticides

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Clements ◽  
Sean Schoville ◽  
Anna Clements ◽  
Dries Amezian ◽  
Tabatha Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
List Type ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Metabolic Detoxification ◽  
Detoxification Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic Responses

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle (CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say), is an agricultural pest of solanaceous crops which has developed insecticide resistance at an alarming rate. Up to this point, little consideration has been given to unintended, or inadvertent effects that non-insecticide xenobiotics may have on insecticide susceptibility inL. decemlineata. Fungicides, such as chlorothalonil and boscalid, are often used to control fungal pathogens in potato fields and are applied at regular intervals whenL. decemlineatapopulations are present in the crop. In order to determine whether fungicide use may be associated with elevated levels of insecticide resistance inL. decemlineata, we examined phenotypic responses inL. decemlineatato the fungicides chlorothalonil and boscalid. Using enzymatic and transcript abundance investigations we also examined modes of molecular detoxification in response to both insecticide (imidacloprid) and fungicide (boscalid and chlorothalonil) application to more specifically determine if fungicides and insecticides induce similar metabolic detoxification mechanisms. Both chlorothalonil and boscalid exposure induced a phenotypic, enzymatic and transcript response inL. decemlineatawhich correlates with known mechanisms of insecticide resistance.Key MessagesPrior-exposure to a fungicidal application changes the phenotypic response ofLeptinotarsa decemlineatato the insecticide imidaclopridBoth a fungicide and insecticide application activates similar molecular mechanisms of detoxification inLeptinotarsa decemlineataFungicidal xenobiotics may contribute to insecticide resistance inLeptinotarsa decemlineataAuthor Contribution StatementJC, SS, CB, AH, and RG conceived and designed research. JC, AC, DA, TD, and BS conducted experiments. JC and AC analyzed data. JC and RG wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

scholarly journals Phenotypic polymorphism pattern evaluation of the pronotum in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) population in the Kursk Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Alexandrovna Babkina ◽  
Irina Pavlovna Balabina ◽  
Natalia Ivanovna Trigub ◽  
Sergei Yurevich Mironov ◽  
Christina Vitalievna Merzlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Phenotypic Polymorphism ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Phenotypic Structure ◽  
Kursk Region

The population of the Colorado potato beetle is characterized by a high degree of polymorphism. This polymorphism provides a considerable adaptive potential and ubiquity of this species. The variability of the central pronotal pattern under the influence of habitat-forming factors (geographical location of the population, variety of fodder plant, group of insecticides) is considered in this paper. Differences in agrobiocenotic conditions determine a direction of microevolution changes and lead to disintegration of the intra-species structure of Leptinotarsa decemlineata . Evaluation of the phenotypic polymorphism in the Colorado potato beetle populations in the Kursk Region was performed by several indicators: ratio of nine main pronotums morphs, average number of variations (), share of the rare forms (h), populations similarity index (r) and identity criteria (I). In various parts of the Kursk Region from 7 to 9 pattern protonum phenoforms were encountered with varying frequency in the populations. The predominance of the 9-phenoform in the beetle populations was identified in the Rylsky, Oktyabrsky, Lgovsky districts. The 3-phenomorf prevailed in populations of Pristensky and Manturovsky districts. The highest level of a phenotypical polymorphism of a protonum was observed in the population in the Lgovsky district, the lowest level was detected in Manturovsky district. The comparative analysis of phenotypic structure of the investigated Colorado beetle populations showed that despite a spatial isolation the insect populations of the Rylsky and Pristensky districts are characterized by the highest similarity in pattern of variability of the central part of a pronotum. The obtained results will enable to improve the system of the plant protection against Colorado potato beetle and control its population.

scholarly journals DNA insecticides as an emerging tool for plant protection and food security strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Palmah Mutah Nyadar ◽  
Shyatesa Razo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Human Growth And Development ◽  
Effective Use

A large number of plant diseases and damages are caused by insects and insect vectors of plant pathogens, leading to the serious threats facing plant protection and food security. The access to safe and nutritiously high-quality food is essential for human growth and development. This translates to a well-developed society with systematically organized efforts for maintenance and increased food production or supply to meet the continuous growing demand. The effects of environmental, biological, chemical, political and socioeconomic factors have all contributed to the present nature of food dynamics, its availability, supply and security. Hence, the development of safe bio-based substances should be prioritized for precise and effective use in plant protection strategies. This review examines the sequential results of the insecticidal potentials of unmodified short single-stranded DNA fragments used as DNA insecticides, and emerging tool for safe plant protection strategy.

scholarly journals Insekticidni proteini in njihova uporaba za zatiranje koloradskega hrošča (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say, 1824])

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Primož ŽIGON ◽  
Jaka RAZINGER ◽  
Stanislav TRDAN
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Insecticidal Proteins ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Specific Proteins

<p class="042abstractstekst">Plants respond to pest attack, among other mechanisms, by producing specific proteins with insecticidal properties. Proteins with toxic effects on insects have also been discovered in many other organisms, especially fungi and bacteria. Due to their biological function, insecticidal proteins represent an important potential in the development of more environmentally friendly plant protection methods. Increasing knowledge about the mode of action of insecticidal proteins and the identification of genes encoding their synthesis enable the breeding of transgenic plants resistant to insect pests and the development of new bioinsecticidal agents. The Colorado potato beetle (<em>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</em>) is one of the most important pests of potato, so the study of such control methods is crucial for the development of sustainable integrated pest management strategies of potato. This review highlights the properties of some groups of insecticidal proteins and their modes of action, and summarizes examples of studies of their use for the control of Colorado potato beetle.</p>

scholarly journals AFLP-Based Genetic Linkage Map of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata: Sex Chromosomes and a Pyrethroid-Resistance Candidate Gene

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Codominant Markers ◽  
Potato Beetle

Abstract A genetic linkage map was constructed from an intraspecific cross of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. This is an initial step toward mapping the loci that underlie important phenotypes associated with insect adaptation to an agroecosystem. The map was made with 172 AFLP and 10 anonymous codominant markers segregating among 74 backcross (BC1) individuals. Markers were mapped to 18 linkage groups and a subset of the markers with a mean intermarker distance of 11.1 cM is presented. A pyrethroid-resistance candidate gene, LdVssc1, was placed onto the map as well. The sex chromosome was identified by exploiting the XO nature of sex determination in this species using patterns of variation at LdVssc1 and the codominant markers.

scholarly journals The carbon source-dependent pattern of antimicrobial activity and gene expression in Pseudomonas donghuensis P482

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Matuszewska ◽  
Tomasz Maciąg ◽  
Magdalena Rajewska ◽  
Aldona Wierzbicka ◽  
Sylwia Jafra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPseudomonas donghuensis P482 is a tomato rhizosphere isolate with the ability to inhibit growth of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Herein, we analysed the impact of the carbon source on the antibacterial activity of P482 and expression of the selected genes of three genomic regions in the P482 genome. These regions are involved in the synthesis of pyoverdine, 7-hydroxytropolone (7-HT) and an unknown compound (“cluster 17”) and are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of P482. We showed that the P482 mutants, defective in these regions, show variations and contrasting patterns of growth inhibition of the target pathogen under given nutritional conditions (with glucose or glycerol as a carbon source). We also selected and validated the reference genes for gene expression studies in P. donghuensis P482. Amongst ten candidate genes, we found gyrB, rpoD and mrdA the most stably expressed. Using selected reference genes in RT-qPCR, we assessed the expression of the genes of interest under minimal medium conditions with glucose or glycerol as carbon sources. Glycerol was shown to negatively affect the expression of genes necessary for 7-HT synthesis. The significance of this finding in the light of the role of nutrient (carbon) availability in biological plant protection is discussed.

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