scholarly journals Simultaneous CO2and CO methanation using microbes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohlmayer Matthias ◽  
Huber Robert ◽  
Brotsack Raimund ◽  
Mayer Wolfgang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Co Methanation ◽  
Screening Experiments ◽  
Carboxydotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Power To Gas

ABSTRACTIn this study, we developed a method for simultaneous bio-methanation of CO2and CO with H2in a single bioreactor using a combination of carboxydotrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea for industrial applications. Methanogenic archaea generally use H2and CO2to produce methane, whereas very few methanogenic archaea methanize CO, and these grow slowly and consequently produce low reactant gas turnover rates. Thus, to achieve fast and simultaneous transformation of CO and CO2, we identified a combination of carboxydotrophic and hydrogenogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea that can produce H2and CO2from CO, and then methanize CO2and H2. The present screening experiments identified carboxydotrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea that can cohabitate at the same thermophilic temperature and pH ranges and in the same growth medium. In these experiments, combinations ofCarboxydocella thermautotrophica(DSM 12326),Carboxydocella sporoproducens(DSM 16521), and three thermophilic rod-shaped methanogenic archaeal cultures from MicroPyros GmbH formed unique microbial co-cultures that transformed CO2, H2, and CO to methane. The successful combination of these microbes could be used to gasify biowastes, such as sewage sludge, as alternative sources of hydrogen for microbial power-to-gas processes. Accordingly, gasification under these conditions produced H2-rich gas containing CO2and CO, theoretically allowing various types of biowastes to be converted to biomethane, which is CO2-neutral, storable, and widely applicable as an energy source.

scholarly journals Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Schumüller ◽  
Dirk Weichgrebe ◽  
Stephan Köster
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Detailed Presentation

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.

On the suitability of induction heating system for metal additive manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gourav K Sharma ◽  
Piyush Pant ◽  
Prashant K Jain ◽  
Pavan K Kankar ◽  
Puneet Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Semi Solid

Induction heating is a non-contact-based energy source that has the potential to quickly melt the metal and become the alternate energy source that can be used for additive manufacturing. At present, induction heating is widely used in various industrial applications such as melting, preheating, heat treatment, welding, and brazing. The potential of this source has not been explored in the additive manufacturing domain. However, the use of induction heating in additive manufacturing could lead to low-cost part fabrication as compared to other energy sources such as laser or electron beam. Therefore, this study explores the feasibility of this energy source in additive manufacturing for fabricating parts of metallic materials. An experimental system has been developed by modifying an existing delta three-dimensional printer. An induction heater coil has been incorporated to extruder head for semi-solid processing of the metal alloy. In order to test the viability of the developed system, aluminium material in the filament form has been processed. Obtained results have shown that the induction heating–based energy source is capable of processing metallic materials having a melting point up to 1000° C. The continuous extrusion of the material has been achieved by controlling the extruder temperature using a proportional integral derivative–based controller and k-type thermocouple. The study also discusses various issues and challenges that occurred during the melting of metal with induction heating. The outcomes of this study may be a breakthrough in the area of metal-based additive manufacturing.

LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROENERGETICS ARE IN CONTEXT OF STEADY DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyna Karakhanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Industry Trends ◽  
Selection Of

Historical, socio-economic and legislative principles of development power to the sector of economy are considered in the article, in particular, question of production energies from alternative sources, among that one of leading places, next to energy of a sun and wind, occupies hydroenergetics. World experience is investigational. World experience, and also historical aspects of development of hydroenergetic direction, that comes forward as a maximally ecological refurbishable energy source and inflicts minimum negative influence on a natural environment, and also progress of this industry trends in Ukraine, is investigational. It is established, that for our state of the use of hydro power is one of strategic directions of development to the sector of refurbishable energy sources, taking into account high dependence of country on the imported power mediums, first of all, natural gas. It is marked that even at reputation ecologically safe energy source, a hydroenergetics can however carry ecological risks that is subject to the removal both practical and legislative initiatives are certain. The analysis of current legislation is carried out at industry of hydroenergetics, and also defence of environment with the aim of selection of basic directions of ecologization of the investigated industry and requirements that is pulled out to the indicated objects. It is set that the indicated question is regulated by both national and international legislation, in that norms are envisaged in relation to warning of negative consequences of work of hydro stations both for a natural environment and for a man. Among such events distinguish the estimation of influence on an environment, ecological control, monitoring and possibility to carry out influence on an environment. Іt is marked that for today as tasks of the state providing of passing ahead height of energygenerating powers comes forward for a reliable production and supply of electric power to the industrial consumers and population, increase of efficiency of work of the incorporated power system of Ukraine and her integration with a European grid, reduction to the import of energy resources, providing of power safety with the maximal use of hydroenergetic potential, and also observance of terms of steady development.

Comparative analysis of electrical and hot water actuation of shape memory alloy spring using thermo-mechanical cycle test bench

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tameshwar Nath ◽  
Priya Chouhan ◽  
Reena Disawal ◽  
I.A. Palani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
High Oxygen Content

<p>The optimal design and analysis of hot water actuated shape memory alloy spring is presented. Smart materials exhibit special properties that make them a preferred choice for industrial applications in many branches of engineering. The serviceable properties of a Ni-Ti piece can be improved by altering the energy source. With hot water actuation, as the temperature reaches 70 °C - 90 °C, spring gets fully compressed for the first few cycles followed by loss in actuation. The actuation loss is then studied with different characterisation methods such as thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With SEM results, it can be strongly recommended that the energy source is sufficient for actuation (not affecting too much the structure). Results observed from TGA shows high oxygen content at lower temperature, suggest the need of conducting experiments in inert atmosphere. For the validation of hot water actuation, comparative analysis between electrical and hot water actuation is done. Graph shows that, there is a good agreement between both the methods. In addition to this, the application of hot water actuation is some micro-devices like micro-valve, drug delivery, directional control valve, also in engine in place of thermostat valve etc.</p>

scholarly journals Physiological quality of scarlet eggplant seeds produced in soil contaminated with industrial residues

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
José Carlos Lopes ◽  
Allan R Freitas ◽  
Amarilson O Candido ◽  
Luan P Venancio ◽  
Nathália Aparecida B Fávaris
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Marble Powder ◽  
Alternative Sources

ABSTRACT Industrial and organic residues cause environmental impacts at various levels. However, these residues present potential to correct soil acidity and fertility. Considering the possibility of using these alternative sources, the objective of this study was to analyze the quality of scarlet eggplant seeds produced with the use of industrial waste. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. We used scarlet eggplant seeds (Solanum gilo), cv. ‘Verde-Claro’, and the soil was Typic Hapludox. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a factorial distribution (3x4x5), being three soil variations [(pure soil (S), soil + cattle manure (SE) and, soil + sewage sludge (SL)], four corrective treatments [without correction (C1), limestone (C2), steel slag (C3) and marble powder (C4)], and five periods of seed storage (0, 100, 120, 140 and 160 days). The use of steel slag and marble powder associated with the addition of sewage sludge and cattle manure increased fresh mass of plants, at 40%, and dry mass of plants, at 48%, when compared with the pure soil. After 140 day of storage, negatives effects on the vigor of scarlet eggplant seeds could be noticed.

scholarly journals Production of Volatile Derivatives of Metal(loid)s by Microflora Involved in Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 2791-2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Michalke ◽  
E. B. Wickenheiser ◽  
M. Mehring ◽  
A. V. Hirner ◽  
R. Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Methanosarcina Barkeri ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Derivatives Of

ABSTRACT Gases released from anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities contain considerable amounts of volatile methyl and hydride derivatives of metals and metalloids, such as arsine (AsH3), monomethylarsine, dimethylarsine, trimethylarsine, trimethylbismuth (TMBi), elemental mercury (Hg0), trimethylstibine, dimethyltellurium, and tetramethyltin. Most of these compounds could be shown to be produced by pure cultures of microorganisms which are representatives of the anaerobic sewage sludge microflora, i.e., methanogenic archaea (Methanobacterium formicicum,Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum), sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, D. gigas), and a peptolytic bacterium (Clostridium collagenovorans). Additionally, dimethylselenium and dimethyldiselenium could be detected in the headspace of most of the pure cultures. This is the first report of the production of TMBi, stibine, monomethylstibine, and dimethylstibine by a pure culture of M. formicicum.

High-Amylose Starches: From Biosynthesis to Their Use as Food Ingredients

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Richardson ◽  
Roger Jeffcoat ◽  
Yong-Cheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Chemical Substitution ◽  
Physical Modification ◽  
And Function ◽  
High Amylose

Starch is a versatile food ingredient and is widely used in numerous food and industrial applications. Whether in its native form, or modified1 through chemical substitution and/or physical modification (e.g., annealing), starch is used as a texturizer, gelling agent, thickener, adhesive, and moisture-retainer. Starches also provide an essential carbohydrate energy source and are obtained from roots, rootlike or tuberous plants, and cereals, all of which possess unique starch chemistries that impact their properties and function as food ingredients.

scholarly journals Towards a Renewable Energy Source Cadastre—A Review of Examples from around the World

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8095
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bieda ◽  
Agnieszka Cienciała
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Climate Crisis

In the age of the impending climate crisis, and further forecast ecological catastrophes, humankind has begun to think with growing interest about replacing existing energy sources with renewable ones. An increasing number of people have begun to discuss the need to implement registries that collect information about the energy potential of specific parts of the environment we live in. Additionally, the simultaneous registration of installations used for obtaining energy from alternative sources is desirable. In addition to quantitative attributes, such databases should also contain comprehensive spatial information. Since, in the era of globalization, the creation of such databases ought to be standardized, the purpose of this study is to indicate the directions in which the cadastre of renewable energy sources should be developed by: (i) reviewing the solutions of renewable energy sources that have been described in the scientific literature; (ii) analyzing the content of selected geoportals containing data on renewable energy sources. The literature review was preceded by a detailed bio-metric analysis, whereas the content analysis of the geoportals led to the creation of a flow chart containing a proposal for a renewable energy source cadastre, and a ranking of the analyzed portals. Nevertheless, the conceptual work was limited to the solar cadastre only.

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