scholarly journals A segmentation scheme for complex neuronal arbors and application to vibration sensitive neurons in the honeybee brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Ikeno ◽  
Ajayrama Kumaraswamy ◽  
Kazuki Kai ◽  
Thomas Wachtler ◽  
Hiroyuki Ai

AbstractThe morphology of a neuron is strongly related to its physiological properties, and thus to information processing functions. Optical microscope images are widely used for extracting the structure of neurons. Although several approaches have been proposed to trace and extract complex neuronal structures from microscopy images, available methods remain prone to errors. In this study, we present a practical scheme for processing confocal microscope images and reconstructing neuronal structures. We evaluated this scheme using image data samples and associated gold standard reconstructions from the BigNeuron Project. In these samples, dendritic arbors belonging to multiple projection branches of the same neuron overlapped in space, making it difficult to automatically and accurately trace their structural connectivity. Our proposed scheme, which combines several software tools for image masking and filtering with an existing tool for dendritic segmentation and tracing, outperformed state-of-the-art automatic methods in reconstructing such neuron structures. For evaluating our scheme, we applied it to a honeybee local interneuron, DL-Int-1, which has complex arbors and is considered to be a critical neuron for encoding the information indicated in the waggle dance of the honeybee.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ozan Gezerman ◽  
Burcu Didem Çorbacıoğlu

The use of three different materials, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and thioglycolic acid, was investigated to improve the performance of electroless nickel-plating baths. By changing the concentrations of these materials, sample plates were coated. Optical microscope images were obtained by selecting representative coated plates. From the results of the investigations, the effects of these materials on electroless nickel plating were observed, and the most appropriate amounts of these materials for nickel plating were determined. Moreover, the nickel plating speed observed with the bath solution containing 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and thioglycolic acid is higher than that in the case of traditional electroless plating baths, but the nickel consumption amount in the former case is lower. In order to minimize the waste water generated from electroless nickel-plating baths, we determined the lowest amounts of the chemicals that can be used for the concentrations reported in the literature.


Reflection scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) at 1 GHz has been used to examine artificially induced cracks in alumina samples. The results are compared with the corresponding optical micrographs and scanning electron microscope images. For a sample with a 0.08 μm centre-line average (CLA) surface finish, the SAM working with a 400 μm frame size, showed that a crack that appeared to be about 150 μm in length in the corresponding optical image was, in fact, at least 200 μm in length. For a sample with a good engineering finish of 0.15 μm CLA, the SAM was able to reveal crack detail to a degree comparable with that revealed by an optical microscope working under optimum conditions. On a sample with a highly polished surface it was possible to distinguish between cracks and grain boundaries by using the V (z) response of the SAM, in agreement with theory.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 454-459
Author(s):  
Rahmadi ◽  
Deni Ferdian

Nodular graphite cast iron or known as spheroidal graphite cast iron structurally has a spherical graphite morphology with a matrix consisting of a ferrite-pearlite phase. In general, cast iron has a main alloy consisting of carbon and silicon where both elements have an influence on the potential of graphitization and castability. In this work, the influence of strontium (Sr) added to molten cast iron with a composition of 0, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 wt% to graphite morphology were studied. The sample obtained will be carried out a characterization process by observing macro and microstructures using optical microscope equipped with image data processing software that displays graphite fraction, size, form and nodularity. Analysis showed that Sr addition increase in nodularization of graphite from 19.6 % to 31.5% at 0.08 wt% Sr addition.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Iwata ◽  
Yasunori Iio ◽  
Shigo Ando ◽  
Ryo Nokariya ◽  
Hiroshi Yamamoto

ABSTRACTThe free electron laser (FEL) of 450 or 500 nm was irradiated onto the pressed C60 powder in vacuum. The grains with μm-order were observed showing the colors of blue, purple, yellow, and white in optical microscope images. The Ag(2) derived mode around 1460 cm−1 in Raman spectra was observed from the grain, indicating the polymerization. The 100 μm-length grain was obtained just after dissolving the FEL irradiated specimens into the toluene and evaporating it. In order to expand the scale of C60 polymer grains and to obtain an amorphous C60 polymer, the FEL irradiation was carried out in solution to reduce the directivity for polymerization. Although polymerization was not promoted in C60 precipitation in supersaturated solution due to low density of C60, the precipitation grown with the liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation (LLIP) method showed the 1454 cm−1 Ag(2) derived mode in addition to the peaks around 1460 cm−1 in toluene. In m-xylene with LLIP method, in a whole area of C60 pillar-grains, polymerization was confirmed by the Raman analysis.


1999 ◽  
Vol 194 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosaka ◽  
Shintani ◽  
Kikukawa ◽  
Itoh

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