scholarly journals Telomeres as integrative markers of exposure to stress and adversity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian V. Pepper ◽  
Melissa Bateson ◽  
Daniel Nettle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Causal Interpretation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Physical Diseases

AbstractTelomeres have been proposed as a biomarker that integrates the impacts of different kinds of stress and adversity into a common currency. There has as yet been no overall comparison of how different classes of exposure associate with telomeres. We present a meta-analysis of the literature relating telomere measures to stresses and adversities in humans. The analysed dataset contained 543 associations from 138 studies involving 402,116 people. Overall, there was a weak association between telomere variables and exposures (greater adversity, shorter telomeres:r= −0.15, 95% CI - 0.18 to −0.11). This was not driven by any one type of exposure, since significant associations were found separately for physical diseases, environmental hazards, nutrition, psychiatric illness, smoking, physical activity, psychosocial and socioeconomic exposures. Methodological features of the studies did not explain any substantial proportion of the heterogeneity in association strength. There was, however, evidence consistent with publication bias, with unexpectedly strong negative associations reported by studies with small samples. Restricting analysis to sample sizes greater than 100 attenuated the overall association substantially (r= −0.09, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.05). Most studies were underpowered to detect the typical association magnitude. The literature is dominated by cross-sectional and correlational studies which makes causal interpretation problematic.

scholarly journals Telomeres as integrative markers of exposure to stress and adversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 180744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian V. Pepper ◽  
Melissa Bateson ◽  
Daniel Nettle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Causal Interpretation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Physical Diseases

Telomeres have been proposed as a biomarker that integrates the impacts of different kinds of stress and adversity into a common currency. There has as yet been no overall comparison of how different classes of exposure associate with telomeres. We present a meta-analysis of the literature relating telomere measures to stresses and adversities in humans. The analysed dataset contained 543 associations from 138 studies involving 402 116 people. Overall, there was a weak association between telomere variables and exposures (greater adversity, shorter telomeres: r = −0.15, 95% CI −0.18 to −0.11). This was not driven by any one type of exposure, because significant associations were found separately for physical diseases, environmental hazards, nutrition, psychiatric illness, smoking, physical activity, psychosocial and socioeconomic exposures. Methodological features of the studies did not explain any substantial proportion of the heterogeneity in association strength. There was, however, evidence consistent with publication bias, with unexpectedly strong negative associations reported by studies with small samples. Restricting analysis to sample sizes greater than 100 attenuated the overall association substantially ( r = −0.09, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.05). Most studies were underpowered to detect the typical association magnitude. The literature is dominated by cross-sectional and correlational studies which makes causal interpretation problematic.

scholarly journals AB1334-HPR BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (JIA): A SCOPING REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1955.2-1955
Author(s):  
K. O Donoghue ◽  
L. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Barriers

Background:Physical activity is an important aspect in the management of JIA (1). However physical activity levels are low in this population (2). Limited research has been conducted to identify definitive barriers and facilitators to physical activity in children and adolescents who have JIA.Objectives:The objective of this scoping review was to identify the common barriers and facilitators to physical activity in JIA.Methods:Original studies, either quantitative or qualitative, including participants with a diagnosis of JIA, who were under 18 years of age were included. Two independent reviewers carried out a search of the literature and full text reviews of papers to determine eligibility for inclusion. The Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP), Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) and Downs and Black critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of the included research articles.Results:Eighteen studies were included in the review. The included studies were of a variety of low, moderate and high quality. The synthesis of the data identified pain to be the most common barrier and the modification of physical activities to the need of the individual to be the most common facilitator to physical activity in JIA.Conclusion:Identifying the most common barriers and facilitators to physical activity allows clinicians to apply better management strategies when treating an individual with JIA. Our findings demonstrate the need for further research in this area to assist increasing physical activity participation for children and adolescents who have JIA.References:[1]Kuntze, G., Nesbitt, C., Whittaker, J.L., Nettel-Aguirre, A., Toomey, C., Esau, S., Doyle-Baker, P.K., Shank, J., Brooks, J., Benseler, S., Emery, C.A. (2018) ‘Exercise Therapy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’,Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(1), 178-193[2]Bos, G.J.F.J., Lelieveld, O.T.H.M., Armbrust, W., Sauer, P.J.J., Geertzen, J.H.B., Dijkstra, P.U. (2016) ‘Physical activity in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis compared to controls’, Pediatric Rheumatology, 14(1), 42.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Dietary Macronutrient Distribution and Nutrition-Related Outcomes in Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review (P12-016-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Rozga ◽  
Jessica Alvarez ◽  
Ellen Bowser ◽  
Julianna Bailey ◽  
Kristen Farnham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Macronutrient Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Conduct a systematic review (SR) to determine the relationship between dietary macronutrient distribution and nutrition-related outcomes in pediatric and adult participants with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods A literature search of Medline, CINAHL and Embase databases was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles published from January 2002- May 2018 that examined human participants with CF and addressed the research objective. Articles were screened for relevance, data was extracted and summarized, and risk of bias was assessed by a multidisciplinary team of researchers, practitioners, patient advocates and SR methodologists. Results A total of 2409 articles were identified in the search and eight cross-sectional studies and one case-control study met inclusion criteria (N = 4 in pediatrics, N = 4 in adults, N = 1 combined). Evidence quality was low due to weak study designs, small samples size and inconsistent outcome reporting. Available studies did not show statistically significant relationships between dietary macronutrient distribution and lung function (FEV1%) (3 studies) when estimated protein intake ranged from 10–23% of energy, fat intake from 20–46% of energy and carbohydrate intake from 32–67% of energy. Macronutrient distribution was not significantly associated with anthropometric measurements/growth (3 studies), gastrointestinal symptoms (2 studies), glucose fluctuations (1 study) or lipid profile (1 study) in this SR. There were no studies identified examining the relationship between macronutrient distribution and mortality or Quality of Life. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the low quality of data reported. Conclusions Recent evidence describing the relationship between dietary macronutrient distribution and nutrition-related outcomes in participants with CF is sparse and low in quality. The evidence reviewed does not suggest that dietary macronutrient distribution is related to key clinical CF outcomes. Higher-quality trials and longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings. The need for updated dietary studies is particularly important in light of recent therapeutic advances that are changing the clinical course of individuals with CF. Funding Sources Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the Medical Nutrition Practice Group DPG.

scholarly journals International HIV Dementia Scale for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Elena Cecilia Rosca ◽  
Philippe Tadger ◽  
Amalia Cornea ◽  
Raluca Tudor ◽  
Cristian Oancea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Dementia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
International Hiv Dementia Scale

The present study aims to systematically review the evidence on the accuracy of the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) test for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and outline the quality and quantity of research evidence available on the accuracy of IHDS in people living with HIV. We conducted a systematic literature review, searching five databases from inception until July 2020. We extracted dichotomized positive and negative test results at various thresholds and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of IHDS. Quality assessment was performed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) criteria. Fifteen cross-sectional studies, published between 2011 and 2018, met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Overall, 3760 patients were included, but most studies recruited small samples. We assessed most studies as being applicable to the review question, though we had concerns about the selection of participants in three studies. The accuracy of IHDS was investigated at thirteen cut-off points (scores 6–12). The threshold of 10 is the most useful for optimal HAND screening (including asymptomatic neurocognitive disorder, symptomatic HAND, and HIV-associated dementia) with fair diagnostic accuracy.

Anthropometric Evaluation and Assessment of Food Intake of Parents of Pediatric Patients with Chronic Rheumatic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Lucila Pereira ◽  
Ágatha Nogueira Previdelli ◽  
Rosana Gomes de Torres Rossi ◽  
Wellington Douglas Rodrigues ◽  
Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Chronic Rheumatic Diseases

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Parents’ eating behavior, lifestyle, and food choices can interfere with their children’s eating habits, bringing new perspectives for the development of beneficial interventions in the context of chronic rheumatic diseases. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The objective is to evaluate BMI, dietary intake, physical activity, and biomarkers of lipid metabolism in parents of children and adolescents with chronic rheumatic diseases and to verify the association with those of their children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a cross-sectional study with 91 parents, and their respective children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (<i>n</i> = 30, 33.0%), juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (<i>n</i> = 41, 45.0%), and juvenile dermatomyositis (<i>n</i> = 20, 22.0%). Anthropometric and dietary data, physical activity, lipid profile, and apolipoproteins A-I and B were evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 67% of parents and 27.5% of children were overweight; 80% of overweight children/adolescents also had parents with the same nutritional diagnosis. We found a moderate association of total fat intake (Cramer’s <i>V</i> test = 0.254; <i>p</i> = 0.037), and a weak association of saturated fat intake (Cramer’s <i>V</i> test = 0.219; <i>p</i> = 0.050) and cholesterol intake (Cramer’s <i>V</i> test = 0.234; <i>p</i> = 0.025) between parents and their children. A high prevalence of dyslipidemia was observed for parents (82.4%) and children (83.5%), however, with no association between both. A weak association was found between parents and children (Cramer’s <i>V</i> test = 0.238; <i>p</i> = 0.024) for triglycerides, and no association was found between parents and children concerning physical activity. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The high frequency of overweight and dyslipidemia observed in parents, combined with the association between the fat intake by parents and their children with chronic rheumatic diseases, points to the importance of intervention strategies with the engagement and participation of families.

scholarly journals Psychological distress in the academic population and its association with socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: Results from a large multicenter Italian study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248370
Author(s):  
Marco Fornili ◽  
Davide Petri ◽  
Carmen Berrocal ◽  
Giuseppe Fiorentino ◽  
Fulvio Ricceri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Problems

Measures implemented in many countries to contain the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a change in lifestyle with unpredictable consequences on physical and mental health. We aimed at identifying the variables associated with psychological distress during the lockdown between April and May 2020 in the Italian academic population. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional online survey (IO CONTO 2020) within five Italian universities. Among about 240,000 individuals invited to participate through institutional communications, 18 120 filled the questionnaire. Psychological distress was measured by the self-administered Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The covariates collected included demographic and lifestyle characteristics, trust in government, doctors and scientists. Associations of covariates with influenza-like symptoms or positive COVID-19 test and with psychological distress were assessed by multiple regression models at the local level; a meta-analysis of the results was then performed. Severe levels of anxiety or depression were reported by 20% of the sample and were associated with being a student or having a lower income, irrespective of their health condition and worries about contracting the virus. The probability of being severely anxious or depressed also depended on physical activity: compared to those never exercising, the highest OR being for those who stopped during lockdown (1.53; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.84) and the lowest for those who continued (0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.95). Up to 21% of severe cases of anxiety or depression might have been avoided if during lockdown participants had continued to exercise as before. Socioeconomic insecurity contributes to increase mental problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic and to the measures to contain it. Maintaining or introducing an adequate level of physical activity is likely to mitigate such detrimental effects. Promoting safe practice of physical activity should remain a public health priority to reduce health risks during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Factors That are Associated to Physical Fitness (VO2 Max) of Football Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Oktian Firman Bryantara
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Non-communicable illnesses to be one cause of death in the world. Prevention of non-communicable illnesses, namely the physical activity and sport.Factors affecting the degree of health and physical fitness of individuals including age, gender, genetics, BMI status, and physical activity. This study has the objective to analyze the association between age and BMI status with physical fitness football athlete. This study used cross sectional design with a total population of 30 people. The independent variable in the research is the age and BMI status, while the dependent variable is physical fitness. Data are presented analytically-observational then analyzed to determine the association strong and big risks Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Cl. The results showed that age has a strong association with the physical fitness of 0.732 and at the age of 18-35 years at risk 42 times fitter than age> 35-45 years, supplements consumption has a very weak association with thephysical fitness of 0,018 and at the athlete who supplements consumption at risk 1,08 times fitter than who did not supplements consumption,BMI status has a strong association with the physical fitness of 0,548 and the normal BMI status risk 13.2 times more fit than obese BMI status. The conclusion that age and BMI status have a strong association with physical fitness and supplements consumption has a very weak association with physical fitness. Efforts need to be done for the football club Kramayudha is to be expected that the recruitment of players aged between 18-35 and had a normal BMI status in order to contribute to the achievement of the team. Keywords: usia, BMI status, football

scholarly journals SUN-013 Cardiometabolic Profile of Brazilian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Bandeira Marchesan ◽  
Ramon Bossardi Ramos ◽  
Monica Oliveira ◽  
Poli Mara Spritzer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Register ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cardiometabolic Profile

Abstract Introduction. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease and its clinical expression may be influenced by ethnicity and sociocultural backgrounds. Despite its high prevalence, few studies are available regarding clinical characteristics of Brazilian women with PCOS. The aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence regarding metabolic risks in PCOS population in Brazil trough a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods. We systematically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies published until July 31, 2019. Results. Eleven cross-sectional and case-control studies were selected for the present meta-analysis, including 898 women diagnosed with PCOS and 2176 controls. All used the Rotterdam criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS. Compared to controls, BMI was higher in PCOS [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.67 (95% CI 0.29, 1.05) I²=91%], as well as waist circumference [SMD 0.88 (0.40, 1.37) I²=93%]. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in PCOS, SMD 0.66 (0.30, 1.01) I²=83%, SMD 0.55 (0.24, 0.87) I²=81%, respectively. Glucose and HOMA-IR were higher in PCOS, SMD 0.22 (0.02, 0.41) I²= 57%, SMD 0.78 (0.52, 1.04) I² =26% respectively. Regarding lipid profile, PCOS had higher values for triglyceride [SMD= 0.39 (0.14, 0.64, I² =63%)], total cholesterol [SMD 0.36 (0.15, 0.57, I²=57%)] and LDL [SMD 0.44 (0.11, 0.78, I²=82%)] and lower values for HDL [SMD -0.56 (-0.78, -0.34) I²=68%]. Conclusions. Even though the studies considered were observational, including mostly small samples, the evidence from this meta-analysis indicates women with PCOS from different regions of Brazil present worse cardiometabolic profile than women without PCOS. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016038537).

scholarly journals Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Spent 30 Min Less Daily Time in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity than Typically Developing Peers: a Meta-Analysis of Cross-sectional Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Rostami Haji Abadi ◽  
Yuwen Zheng ◽  
Tiffany Wharton ◽  
Colleen Dell ◽  
Hassanali Vatanparast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Daily Time

AbstractIt remains unclear if participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) differs between children with ASD and typically developing children (TDC). We compared daily MVPA, time spent in MVPA during physical education (PE) and recess, and odds of not meeting MVPA recommendation (60 min/day) between children with ASD and TDC. Nine studies reporting accelerometer-measured MVPA were included in the meta-analyses. MVPA was 30 min lower/day, 12% and 8% lower during PE and recess, respectively, in children with ASD, and they had 4 times higher odds of not meeting MVPA recommendation when compared to TDC. Children with ASD engage in daily MVPA less than TDC and below the guidelines. Tailored interventions to increase MVPA in children with ASD are warranted.

Meta-Analysis: Effect of Physical Activity on the Incidence of Obesity in Female Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Isriyatil Jannah ◽  
◽  
Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari ◽  
Hanung Prasetya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
New York ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Obesity ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Energy Dense Food ◽  
Global Health Problem

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity in female adolescents is a global health problem. It is may caused by the adoption of a Western lifestyle (decrease in physical activity and an increase in the consumption of energy-dense food, high in fats and refined sugar). The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of physical activity on the incidence of obesity in female adolescents. Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, published from 2002 to 2020. Keywords were searched using the terms “physical activity” OR “physical fitness” AND obesity AND “cross sectional” AND girls OR adolescent. The study subject was female adolescents. The intervention was low physical activity with comparison high physical activity. The study outcome was obesity. Collected articles were screened using PRISMA flowchart. The quantitative data were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results: 6 studies from China, New York, Netherlands, Korea, Taiwan, and United States, reported that low physical activity increased the risk of obesity in female adolescents (aOR= 1.74; 95% CI= 1.11 to 2.72; p= 0.010). Conclusion: Low physical activity increased the risk of obesity in female adolescents. Keywords: obesity, physical activity, female adolescents Correspondence: Putri Isriyatil Jannah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 089634956745.

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