scholarly journals Can you make morphometrics work when you know the right answer? Pick and mix approaches for apple identification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D. Christodoulou ◽  
Nicholas H. Battey ◽  
Alastair Culham
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractMorphological classification of living things has challenged science for several centuries and has led to a wide range of objective morphometric approaches in data gathering and analysis. In this paper we explore those methods using apple cultivars, a model biological system in which discrete groups are pre-defined but in which there is a high level of overall morphological similarity. The effectiveness of morphometric techniques in discovering the groups is evaluated using statistical learning tools. No one technique proved optimal in classification on every occasion, linear morphometric techniques slightly out-performing geometric (72.6% accuracy on test set versus 66.7%). The combined use of these techniques with post-hoc knowledge of their individual successes with particular cultivars achieves a notably higher classification accuracy (77.8%). From this we conclude that even with pre-determined discrete categories, a range of approaches is needed where those categories are intrinsically similar to each other, and we raise the question of whether in studies where potentially continuous natural variation is being categorised the level of match between categories is routinely set too high.

scholarly journals Corpus-based Analysis of Lexicosemantic Behaviour of Nervous System Diseases Names

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Lacková
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
The Right ◽  
Semantic Prosody

Terminology represents a significant factor in healthcare communication between specialists and patients. The present paper deals with the lexicosemantic characteristics of multi-word lexical units multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epidural abscess, Huntington’s chorea, and carpal tunnel syndrome. The research questions focus on collocations, word combinations, and concordances in which they regularly appear; the first lemma to the left and the first lemma to the right from the studied lexeme demonstrate the principal positions of our interest. Simultaneously, the researcher considers their semantic restrictions, semantic prosody, and grammatical relations that influence their lexical features. The whole linguistic material is investigated in the framework of the text corpus English Web 2015 (enTenTen15) with the help of the search tool Sketch Engine. To begin the research, the frequencies of these lexical units are elaborated. The researcher also looks into the morphological classification of the studied words as these two factors affect them from the lexicological perspective. The research outcomes confirm that the nervous disease names appear in a wide range of structures, and they considerably contribute to successful communication in the medical surroundings. Moreover, the results indicate that the lexicosemantic behaviour of the terms reflects extralinguistic factors (psychological, social) of individual communication acts. The phenomenon is to be further examined and interpreted within the corpus analyses of other chosen lexical units, not only from the field of medicine. Eventually, the researcher outlines possible pedagogical implications of the research results in the process of teaching English.

scholarly journals Corpus-based Analysis of Lexicosemantic Behaviour of Nervous System Diseases Names

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Marta Lacková
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
The Right ◽  
Semantic Prosody

Terminology represents a significant factor in healthcare communication between specialists and patients. The present paper deals with the lexicosemantic characteristics of multi-word lexical units multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epidural abscess, Huntington’s chorea, and carpal tunnel syndrome. The research questions focus on collocations, word combinations, and concordances in which they regularly appear; the first lemma to the left and the first lemma to the right from the studied lexeme demonstrate the principal positions of our interest. Simultaneously, the researcher considers their semantic restrictions, semantic prosody, and grammatical relations that influence their lexical features. The whole linguistic material is investigated in the framework of the text corpus English Web 2015 (enTenTen15) with the help of the search tool Sketch Engine. To begin the research, the frequencies of these lexical units are elaborated. The researcher also looks into the morphological classification of the studied words as these two factors affect them from the lexicological perspective. The research outcomes confirm that the nervous disease names appear in a wide range of structures, and they considerably contribute to successful communication in the medical surroundings. Moreover, the results indicate that the lexicosemantic behaviour of the terms reflects extralinguistic factors (psychological, social) of individual communication acts. The phenomenon is to be further examined and interpreted within the corpus analyses of other chosen lexical units, not only from the field of medicine. Eventually, the researcher outlines possible pedagogical implications of the research results in the process of teaching English.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVE WAYS TO INCREASE THE SECURITY OF STORING INFORMATION IN A DATABASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Zh.T. Aituganova ◽  
◽  
B.A. Talpakova ◽  
B.K. Zhussipbek ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Technical Device ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage

In the era of rapid technological development, the issue of information security is very relevant. The article discusses issues related to information security in computer systems due to the simple and quick copying of information through communication channels. The problem of information security covers a wide range of issues, from the legislature to a specific technical device. Program developers suggest the need for technical means of protection that provide a high level of information security. Experience has shown that software cannot guarantee information security. Therefore, any software must be supplemented by organizational measures that determine the rules for access and storage of information. In practice, software users face additional challenges when using security tools. This article presents a classification of guarantees and methods of self-defense, as well as methods of protection by requesting additional information.

scholarly journals Ethical recommendations for music therapy in neurorehabilitation: impure a priori foundations and transpersonal holism

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-296
Author(s):  
Tristan Guillermo Torriani
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Collective Construction

Music therapy has been proven useful in the treatment of a wide range of disorders, even if often in only an auxiliary role. Its use for patients requiring neurological rehabilitation is rather recent and its effectiveness has been assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Practitioners must undergo rigorous training to obtain certification and must be able to combine a high level of therapeutic and artistic skills. As members of multidisciplinary teams, music therapists are expected to (1) justify their participation by employing the most effective methods at their disposal; (2) adapt or even create musical material best suited to patients’ needs; and (3) strive for a theoretical understanding of what their intervention is trying accomplish. These recommendations emerge from concrete realities that we could not take cognizance of purely a priori. An attempt to ground them post hoc in an abstract universal conception of human dignity realized in Kant’s practical reason, attractive as that might seem philosophically, is ridden with logical gaps (non-sequiturs) and circularity (Rorty). Moral concepts ought rather to be understood as impure a priori criteria for moral judgment acquired and negotiated through linguistic socialization (Herder, Piaget, Vygotsky, Wittgenstein, Habermas). The collective construction of a future neuroethics makes sense as a humanitarian plea (Herder’s Humanität) following the jurisprudential practice of English common law rather than the top-down imposition of a global civil code. In so far as music therapy is concerned, it will most likely remain embedded in the moral anthropological context of local languages, cultures and traditions, albeit with some foreign influences caused by international exchange. 

scholarly journals Beyond the Tripartite Cognition–Emotion–Interoception Model of the Human Insular Cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucina Q. Uddin ◽  
Joshua Kinnison ◽  
Luiz Pessoa ◽  
Michael L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Functional Profiles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Multiple Task

Functional MRI studies report insular activations across a wide range of tasks involving affective, sensory, and motor processing, but also during tasks of high-level perception, attention, and control. Although insular cortical activations are often reported in the literature, the diverse functional roles of this region are still not well understood. We used a meta-analytic approach to analyze the coactivation profiles of insular subdivisions—dorsal anterior, ventral anterior, and posterior insula—across fMRI studies in terms of multiple task domains including emotion, memory, attention, and reasoning. We found extensive coactivation of each insular subdivision, with substantial overlap between coactivation partners for each subdivision. Functional fingerprint analyses revealed that all subdivisions cooperated with a functionally diverse set of regions. Graph-theoretical analyses revealed that the dorsal anterior insula was a highly “central” structure in the coactivation network. Furthermore, analysis of the studies that activate the insular cortex itself showed that the right dorsal anterior insula was a particularly “diverse” structure in that it was likely to be active across multiple task domains. These results highlight the nuanced functional profiles of insular subdivisions and are consistent with recent work suggesting that the dorsal anterior insula can be considered a critical functional hub in the human brain.

scholarly journals Dental Anomaly Detection Using Intraoral Photos Via Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronilo Ragodos ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Carmencita Padilla ◽  
Jacqueline Hecht ◽  
Fernando Poletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Orofacial Clefting ◽  
Saliency Maps ◽  
Phenotypic Spectrum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Class Classification ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Do So

Abstract Children with orofacial clefting (OFC) present with a wide range of dental anomalies. Identifying these anomalies is vital to understand their etiology and to discern the complex phenotypic spectrum of OFC. Such anomalies are currently identified using intra-oral exams by dentists, a costly and time-consuming process. We claim that automating the process of anomaly detection using deep neural networks (DNNs) could increase efficiency and provide reliable anomaly detection while potentially increasing the speed of research discovery. This study characterizes the use of` DNNs to identify dental anomalies by training a DNN model using intraoral photographs from the largest international cohort to date of children with nonsyndromic OFC and controls (OFC1). In this project, the intraoral images were submitted to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to perform multi-label multi-class classification of 10 dental anomalies. The network predicts whether an individual exhibits any of the 10 anomalies and is able to do so significantly faster than a human rater. For every anomaly except mammalons, F1 scores suggest that our model performs competitively at anomaly detection when compared to a dentist with 8 years of clinical experience. In addition, we use saliency maps to provide a post-hoc interpretation for our model’s predictions. This enables dentists to examine and verify our model’s predictions.

scholarly journals Chemometric Comparison and Classification of 22 Apple Genotypes Based on Texture Analysis and Physico-Chemical Quality Attributes

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Andruța E. Mureșan ◽  
Adriana F. Sestras ◽  
Mădălina Militaru ◽  
Adriana Păucean ◽  
Anda E. Tanislav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Key Steps

The large number of cultivars belonging to the cultivated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) reflects an extremely wide range of variability, including for fruit quality traits. To evaluate some characteristics of fruit quality, 22 apple genotypes were selected from a collection of germplasms containing more than 600 accessions, based on different considerations, including the use of fruits (dessert, cooking, processing, juice, cider, multipurpose). The mean water content of the studied apple genotypes was 85.05%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.74%; the mean ash content was 2.32% with a CV of 22.1%, and the mean total soluble solids was 16.22% with a CV of 17.78%, indicating a relatively small difference between genotypes for these indices. On the contrary, relatively large differences were registered between genotypes for fruit weight, volume, and titratable acidity with means of 119.52 g, 155 mL, and 0.55% malic acid, and CVs of 35.17%, 34.58%, and 54.3%, respectively. The results showed that peel hardness varied between 3.80 and 13.69 N, the toughness between 0.2 and 1.07 mm, the flesh hardness between 0.97 and 4.76 N, and the hardness work between 6.88 and 27.84 mJ. The current study can emphasize the possibility of choosing the appropriate apple cultivars to cross in the breeding process and how future strategies can help apple breeders select breeding parents, which are essential key steps when breeding new apple cultivars. In addition, multivariate analysis has proven to be a useful tool in assessing the relationships between Malus genetic resources.

scholarly journals Constitutional right to information on the state of the environment in the provision of tourist services

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Iryna RYZHUK ◽  
Alla IVANOVSKA ◽  
Iryna LYTVYNENKO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
State Of The Environment

The paper proves that one of the means of ensuring the right of citizens to health care from the adverse effects of the environment is the right to information about the factors that affect health. It is noted that reliable information about the state of the environment is the basis for the formation of an effective environmental policy of the state. In this regard, it is argued that a society with a high level of informatization is able to successfully solve both economic and environmental problems. In connection with the above, the importance of issues related to the exercise of the right to information about the state of the environment is highlighted. The state of consolidation of the right to information on the state of the environment and the natural environment in national regulations is analyzed. The content of ecological information contained in acts of international character is outlined. The problem of the ratio of ecological information and information about the state of the environment is determined. Environmental information includes information on the state of the environment, however, given the legislative definition of the environment, which covers a wide range of elements related to the conditions of human existence, it is proved that the concept of “environment” is broader in meaning than “environment”. In summary, the proposed definition of “environmental information” is information about the environment, about activities that adversely affect (or may affect) the environment and the human body, as well as information on measures to protect the environment and ensure compliance with environmental rights. The agreements concluded between the tour operator and the travel agent and between the tourist and the travel company when providing travel services define the obligation to provide information and the right to receive information about the state of the environment.

scholarly journals Principles and Practice of Explainable Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishak Belle ◽  
Ioannis Papantonis
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Law And Finance ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides many opportunities to improve private and public life. Discovering patterns and structures in large troves of data in an automated manner is a core component of data science, and currently drives applications in diverse areas such as computational biology, law and finance. However, such a highly positive impact is coupled with a significant challenge: how do we understand the decisions suggested by these systems in order that we can trust them? In this report, we focus specifically on data-driven methods—machine learning (ML) and pattern recognition models in particular—so as to survey and distill the results and observations from the literature. The purpose of this report can be especially appreciated by noting that ML models are increasingly deployed in a wide range of businesses. However, with the increasing prevalence and complexity of methods, business stakeholders in the very least have a growing number of concerns about the drawbacks of models, data-specific biases, and so on. Analogously, data science practitioners are often not aware about approaches emerging from the academic literature or may struggle to appreciate the differences between different methods, so end up using industry standards such as SHAP. Here, we have undertaken a survey to help industry practitioners (but also data scientists more broadly) understand the field of explainable machine learning better and apply the right tools. Our latter sections build a narrative around a putative data scientist, and discuss how she might go about explaining her models by asking the right questions. From an organization viewpoint, after motivating the area broadly, we discuss the main developments, including the principles that allow us to study transparent models vs. opaque models, as well as model-specific or model-agnostic post-hoc explainability approaches. We also briefly reflect on deep learning models, and conclude with a discussion about future research directions.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC ASPECT OF PRIVATE DENTISTRY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S TISHKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quality Material ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Modern Technologies

Private dentists are now ubiquitous. However, there are a number of differences in the equipment of clinics and the competence of the services provided. The purpose of this study is to highlight the economic aspect in the development of modern dentistry. Technological innovations and modern design methods can facilitate the transition to a sustainable and highly qualified dental care system. We have divided dental care by economic nature into two levels. First-level dentistry has been largely defined by the standard treatment of established dental diseases, second-level Dentistry marks a new era of patient-centered, technological, results-oriented, and prevention-oriented dental care with significant advantages in the use of modern high-quality material, a wide range of diagnostic services, and highly aesthetic technologies. The wide coverage of modern technologies helps to attract patients, show them a high level of dental care, create the right advertising and Express the quality of dental services provided. Thus, based on the data obtained, it is necessary to carry out competent equipment of the dental office at the early stages, which requires maximum costs. Conduct training of all employees at a decent level and, of course, use modern technologies in everyday practice, namely analysis of clinical cases, photo Protocol, advertising on the Internet in order to motivate and competent approach to oral care.

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