scholarly journals White matter correlates of hemi-face dominance in happy and sad expression

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ioannucci ◽  
Nathalie George ◽  
Patrick Friedrich ◽  
Leonardo Cerliani ◽  
Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
List Type ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe neural underpinnings of human emotional expression are thought to be unevenly distributed among the two brain hemispheres. However, little is known on the anatomy supporting this claim, particularly in the cerebral white matter. Here, we explored the relationship between hemi-face dominance in emotional expression and cerebral white matter asymmetries in 33 healthy participants. Measures of emotional expression were derived from pictures of the participant’s faces in a ‘happy smiling’ and a ‘sad frowning’ conditions. Chimeric faces were constructed by mirroring right and left hemi-faces, as done in previous studies, resulting in a left mirrored and right mirrored chimeric face per picture. To gain measures of hemi-face dominance per participant, a jury of 20 additional participants rated which chimeric face shows higher intensity of emotional expressivity, by marking a 155mm line between the two versions. Measures of the asymmetry of the uncinate, the cingulum and the three branches of superior longitudinal fasciculi were derived from diffusion weighted imaging tractography dissections. Group effect analyses indicated that the degree of asymmetry in emotional expression was not as prominent as reported in the literature and showed a large inter-individual variability. The degree of asymmetry in emotional expression was, however, significantly associated with the asymmetries in connective properties of the fronto-temporal and fronto-parietal tracts, specifically the uncinate fasciculus and the first branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Therefore, this result raises novel hypotheses on the relationship of specific white matter tracts and emotional expression, especially their role in mood disorders.Ethical statementNone of the authors have a conflict of interestData collection from human participants was approved by the Comité de Protection des Personnes “CPP Ile de France V”All participants provided written informed consentFunding from ERC (grant agreement No. 818521) and “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” [grants numbers ANR-13-JSV4-0001-01 an ANR-10-IAIHU-06]

scholarly journals Tractography and the connectome in neurosurgical treatment of gliomas: the premise, the progress, and the potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. E6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Henderson ◽  
Kalil G. Abdullah ◽  
Ragini Verma ◽  
Steven Brem
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Glioma Surgery ◽  
Preferential Diffusion ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
Glioma Resection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The ability of diffusion tensor MRI to detect the preferential diffusion of water in cerebral white matter tracts enables neurosurgeons to noninvasively visualize the relationship of lesions to functional neural pathways. Although viewed as a research tool in its infancy, diffusion tractography has evolved into a neurosurgical tool with applications in glioma surgery that are enhanced by evolutions in crossing fiber visualization, edema correction, and automated tract identification. In this paper the current literature supporting the use of tractography in brain tumor surgery is summarized, highlighting important clinical studies on the application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for preoperative planning of glioma resection, and risk assessment to analyze postoperative outcomes. The key methods of tractography in current practice and crucial white matter fiber bundles are summarized. After a review of the physical basis of DTI and post-DTI tractography, the authors discuss the methodologies with which to adapt DT image processing for surgical planning, as well as the potential of connectomic imaging to facilitate a network approach to oncofunctional optimization in glioma surgery.

scholarly journals The Relationship of CSF and Plasma Cytokine Levels to Cerebral White Matter Injury in the Premature Newborn

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa J Ellison ◽  
Tessa J Mocatta ◽  
Christine C Winterbourn ◽  
Brian A Darlow ◽  
Joseph J Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Plasma Cytokine ◽  
Premature Newborn ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Effect of Vibration on Rapeseed Header Loss and Optimization of Header Frame

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247-1258
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Lizhang Xu ◽  
Zhipeng Gao ◽  
En Lu ◽  
Yaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
List Type ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

HighlightsThe relationship of vibration and header loss was studied by multi-point vibration measurement and loss collection test.There was an approximately linear positive correlation between total header vibration and total rapeseed header loss.The header frame was analyzed and optimized through modal simulation and testing.The total rapeseed header loss of the improved header was reduced by 33.2% to 46.9%.Abstract. In view of the current large rapeseed header losses of rape combine harvesters, the effects of the header on rapeseed header loss were studied from the perspective of vibration. First, the vibrations at various measuring points on the header during rape harvest were studied using a data acquisition and analysis system while performing collection tests of rapeseed header loss with the sample slot method. The relationships between total header vibration and total rapeseed header loss and between vertical cutter vibration and rapeseed vertical cutter loss were shown to have a positive correlation, and they all increased with the increase in engine speed. Vertical cutter loss accounted for 31.2% to 42.4% of the total rapeseed header loss. Modal analysis and optimization of the header frame were then performed by simulation and test. The natural frequencies of the first-order and second-order modes of the optimized header were increased, and the possibility of resonance with other working parts was eliminated. Finally, the improved header was tested during rape harvest. The results showed that the total vibration of the improved header was reduced by 19.9% to 43.9%, and the total rapeseed header loss was reduced by 33.2% to 46.9%. The vertical cutter vibration was reduced by 30.5% to 49.8%, and the rapeseed vertical cutter loss was reduced by 20.8% to 34.7%. In addition, the vibration and rapeseed loss of the improved header had relatively slow rates of increase with the increase in engine speed. The method of reducing rapeseed loss by reducing the header vibration achieved an obvious and positive effect. Keywords: Frame optimization, Modal analysis, Rape combine harvester, Rapeseed header loss, Vibration.

scholarly journals Blood-based bioenergetic profiling is related to differences in brain morphology in African Americans with Type 2 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (23) ◽  
pp. 2509-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gargi Mahapatra ◽  
S. Carrie Smith ◽  
Timothy M. Hughes ◽  
Benjamin Wagner ◽  
Joseph A. Maldjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
White Matter ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Blood-based bioenergetic profiling has promising applications as a minimally invasive biomarker of systemic bioenergetic capacity. In the present study, we examined peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mitochondrial function and brain morphology in a cohort of African Americans with long-standing Type 2 diabetes. Key parameters of PBMC respiration were correlated with white matter, gray matter, and total intracranial volumes. Our analyses indicate that these relationships are primarily driven by the relationship of systemic bioenergetic capacity with total intracranial volume, suggesting that systemic differences in mitochondrial function may play a role in overall brain morphology.

The Temperature Dependence of CO2 Production of the North American Lizards Cnemidophorus velox and Sceloporus undulatus

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
Deborah K. Anderson ◽  
Ann M. Sweet ◽  
Richard G. Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Sceloporus Undulatus ◽  
The North ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Activity Times

AbstractThe relationship of body temperature and resting CO2 production was examined for the lizards Cnemidophorus velox and Sceloporus undulatus. The CO2 production of both species was characterized by broad temperature ranges (30-38°C) in which no temperature dependence of CO2 production was observed. Also, both species showed considerable betwee individual variability. The metabolic rate of the widely foraging species, C. velox, is significantly higher than that of the wait-and-ambush species S. undulatus. However, this difference is eliminated when the size of the animals and activity times are considered; both species then have similar estimated average daily energy costs.

scholarly journals The relationship of a white matter hyperintensities rating scale and cognition among Mexican Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Vintimilla ◽  
Kevin King ◽  
Meredith N. Braskie ◽  
Kristine Yaffe ◽  
Arthur W. Toga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship
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