scholarly journals Earthquake-induced habitat migration in a riparian spawning fish: implications for conservation management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Orchard ◽  
Michael J. H. Hickford ◽  
David R. Schiel
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Habitat Recovery ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Galaxias Maculatus ◽  
Recovery Dynamics ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Tectonic Dynamics

AbstractGalaxias maculatus is a riparian spawning fish that supports an important recreational fishery in New Zealand with spawning habitat requirements strongly structured by salinity gradients at rivermouths. This study reports changes to the spawning habitat following a series of large earthquakes that resulted in widespread deformation of ground surfaces in the vicinity of waterways. Assessments of habitat recovery focussed on two rivers systems, the Avon and Heathcote, with pre-disturbance data available over a 20 year period. Recovery dynamics were assessed by field survey and mapping of spawning habitat prior to and on seven occasions after the disturbance event. Riparian land-use and management patterns were mapped and analysed using overlay methods in GIS. Habitat migration of up to 2 km occurred in comparison to all previous records and several anthropogenic land uses have become threats due to changed patterns of co-occurrence. Incompatible activities now affect more than half of the spawning habitat in both rivers, particularly in areas managed for flood control purposes and recreational use. The results are an example of landscape scale responses to salinity and water level changes driven by tectonic dynamics. These dynamics are not the source of the stress per se, rather, they have increased exposure to pre-existing stressors. The case illustrates important principles for managing subtle, yet widespread, change. Adaptive conservation methods and investments in information are priorities for avoiding management failure following environmental change.

Estuarine geomorphology and low salinity requirement for fertilisation influence spawning site location in the diadromous fish, Galaxias maculatus

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Hicks ◽  
Nicole C. Barbee ◽  
Stephen E. Swearer ◽  
Barbara J. Downes
Keyword(s):  
Site Location ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Diadromous Fish ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Galaxias Maculatus ◽  
Stratified Estuaries ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In habitats such as estuaries, which are characterised by large and fluctuating gradients in abiotic variables, finding appropriate habitat for successful spawning and egg development can be critical to a species’ survival. We explored how salinity requirements for successful fertilisation may govern the distribution of estuarine spawning habitat for the diadromous fish, Galaxias maculatus, which spawns in inundated vegetation on estuary banks during spring tides. Artificial fertilisation experiments confirmed that successful fertilisation only occurs at low salinities (<20). Thus, we predicted that egg distributions would depend upon the extent of low-salinity surface waters in an estuary. Using estuary geomorphology classification schemes, which classify estuaries by physical and chemical characteristics such as their salinity dynamics, we hypothesised that stratified estuaries would provide a greater extent of low salinity surface water than well-mixed estuaries. This prediction was supported by surveys of egg distributions in five estuaries in Victoria, Australia. Eggs were distributed over a greater proportion of ‘stratified’ v. ‘mixed’ estuary types. We suggest that combining knowledge of the spawning requirements of a species and physical properties of the habitat, such as those encapsulated in estuary geomorphic classification schemes, can greatly facilitate efforts to identify critical habitats and thus aid in species management and conservation.

scholarly journals Protected area effectiveness for fish spawning habitat in relation to earthquake-induced landscape change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Orchard ◽  
Michael J. H. Hickford
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Habitat Model ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Adaptive Planning ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Galaxias Maculatus ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Spawning Sites

AbstractWe studied the effectiveness of conservation planning methods for Galaxias maculatus, a riparian spawning fish, following earthquake-induced habitat shift in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Mapping and GIS overlay techniques were used to evaluate three protection mechanisms in operative or proposed plans in two study catchments over two years. Method 1 utilised a network of small protected areas around known spawning sites. It was the least resilient to change with only 3.9% of post-quake habitat remaining protected in the worst performing scenario. Method 2, based on mapped reaches of potential habitat, remained effective in one catchment (98%) but not in the other (52.5%). Method 3, based on a habitat model, achieved near 100% protection in both catchments but used planning areas far larger than the area of habitat actually used. This example illustrates resilience considerations for protected area design. Redundancy can help maintain effectiveness in face of dynamics and may be a pragmatic choice if planning area boundaries lack in-built adaptive capacity or require lengthy processes for amendment. However, an adaptive planning area coupled with monitoring offers high effectiveness from a smaller protected area. Incorporating elements of both strategies provides a promising conceptual basis for adaptation to major perturbations or responding to slow change.

Transgender Narrative in Public Service Announcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Anna Puji Lestari ◽  
Yuliyanto Budi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
City Government ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Public Service Announcement ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Feminine Style ◽  
New City ◽  
The City

After changing its city branding several times, Semarang now has a new city branding, namely "Semarang Variety of Culture." However, the city branding reaped contra from academics and cultural figures because Semarang was considered not sufficient yet in terms of representing its cultural diversity. Responding to this, the Semarang City Government and the Semarang City Public Works Department created a public service advertisement on CCTV socialization for flood control in the city of Semarang with a transgender figure as the ad star. This research was qualitative research designed with Seymour Chatman's Narrative Analysis. The research found a commodification and objectification of transgender people who imitated the feminine style of women in the advertisement. In other words, the public service announcement of Semarang CCTV socialization lowered the femininity, which is synonymous with women.The public service advertisement also violated the moral codes adopted by the majority of the Indonesian people.

Application of GIS, Hydraulic and Hydrologic Modelling to Investigate the Changes of Flood Inundation Characteristics due to the Construction of Dams for different scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Hossameldin M. Elhanafy
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
High Ability ◽  
The West ◽  
Hydrologic Modelling ◽  
New Location

The novelty of the research project reported in this paper is the coupling of hydrological and hydraulic modeling which are based on the first principal of fluid mechanics for the simulation of flash floods at Wadi Elarish watershed to optimize the a new location of another dam rather than Elrawfa dam which already exist. Results show that, the optimum scenario is obtained by the construction of the west dam. As a direct result of this dam, the downstream inundated area can be reduced up to 15.7 % as function of reservoir available storage behind the dam. Furthermore, calculations showed that the reduction rate of inundated area for 50-year floods is largely more than 100-year floods, implies the high ability of west dam on flood control especially for floods with shorter return period.

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