scholarly journals Protected area effectiveness for fish spawning habitat in relation to earthquake-induced landscape change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Orchard ◽  
Michael J. H. Hickford
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Habitat Model ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Adaptive Planning ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Galaxias Maculatus ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Spawning Sites

AbstractWe studied the effectiveness of conservation planning methods for Galaxias maculatus, a riparian spawning fish, following earthquake-induced habitat shift in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Mapping and GIS overlay techniques were used to evaluate three protection mechanisms in operative or proposed plans in two study catchments over two years. Method 1 utilised a network of small protected areas around known spawning sites. It was the least resilient to change with only 3.9% of post-quake habitat remaining protected in the worst performing scenario. Method 2, based on mapped reaches of potential habitat, remained effective in one catchment (98%) but not in the other (52.5%). Method 3, based on a habitat model, achieved near 100% protection in both catchments but used planning areas far larger than the area of habitat actually used. This example illustrates resilience considerations for protected area design. Redundancy can help maintain effectiveness in face of dynamics and may be a pragmatic choice if planning area boundaries lack in-built adaptive capacity or require lengthy processes for amendment. However, an adaptive planning area coupled with monitoring offers high effectiveness from a smaller protected area. Incorporating elements of both strategies provides a promising conceptual basis for adaptation to major perturbations or responding to slow change.

scholarly journals Supporting Adaptive Connectivity in Dynamic Landscapes

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. Jennings ◽  
Katherine A. Zeller ◽  
Rebecca L. Lewison
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Landscape Resistance ◽  
Adaptive Planning ◽  
Dynamic Landscapes ◽  
Over Time

A central tenet of landscape conservation planning is that natural communities can be supported by a connected landscape network that supports many species and habitat types. However, as the planning environment, ecological conditions, and risks and stressors change over time, the areas needed to support landscape connectivity may also shift. We demonstrate an approach designed to assess functional and structural connectivity of an established protected area network that has experienced landscape and planning changes over time. Here we present an approach designed to inform adaptive planning for connectivity with a complementary suite of analytical techniques. Using existing occurrence, movement, and genetic data for six focal species, we create a spatially explicit connectivity assessment based on landscape resistance, paired with a landscape feature geodiversity analysis. Although factors such as cost, conservation goals, and land management strategies must be taken into account, this approach provides a template for leveraging available empirical data and robust analyses to evaluate and adapt planning for protected area networks that can preserve and promote both functional and structural connectivity in dynamic landscapes.

scholarly journals Evolutionary and ecological constraints of fish spawning habitats

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Ciannelli ◽  
Kevin Bailey ◽  
Esben Moland Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Evolutionary Constraints ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Spawning Habitats

Abstract For marine fish, the choice of the spawning location may be the only means to fulfil the dual needs of surviving from the egg to juvenile stage and dispersing across different habitats while minimizing predation and maximizing food intake. In this article, we review the factors that affect the choice of fish spawning habitats and propose a framework to distinguish between ecological and evolutionary constraints. We define the former as the boundaries for phenotypically plastic responses to environmental change, in this case the ability of specific genotypes to change their spawning habitat. Processes such as predation, starvation, or aberrant dispersal typically limit the amount of variability in spawning habitat that fish may undergo from 1 year to the next, and thus regulate the intensity of ecological constraints. Evolutionary constraints, on the other hand, refer to aspects of the genetic make-up that limit the rate and direction of adaptive genetic changes in a population across generations; that is, the potential for micro-evolutionary change. Thus, their intensity is inversely related to the level of genetic diversity associated with traits that regulate spawning and developmental phases. We argue that fisheries oceanographers are well aware of, and more deeply focused on, the former set of constraints, while evolutionary biologists are more deeply focused on the latter set of constraints. Our proposed framework merges these two viewpoints and provides new insight to study fish habitat selection and adaptability to environmental changes.

Demographic structure, genetic diversity and habitat distribution of the endangered, Australian rainforest tree Macadamia jansenii help facilitate an introduction program

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Shapcott ◽  
Michael Powell
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Habitat Model ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
Model Combining

Macadamia jansenii is endemic to south-east Queensland, Australia, and is currently known from a single population 180 km north of the nearest wild population of its congener, the edible Macadamia integrifolia. A recently developed Macadamia recovery plan identified that this population was under significant threat and recommended a reintroduction program to safeguard against chance extinction of the single wild population. This study undertook demographic population census surveys, genetic analysis, habitat analysis and niche modelling to determine the potential long-term viability for the species, and to guide search and reintroduction programs. We expanded the known population size of the species to ~60 individuals (1 m and taller) spread over a 900-m distance along a single creek clumped into three subpopulations. There was moderate genetic diversity in the species and the subpopulations showed little genetic differentiation. We developed a potential habitat model combining abiotic variables and vegetation associations, and mapped areas of potentially suitable habitat for M. jansenii within its local area. These maps are being used to target searches for other populations and to guide the location of introduction populations.

Lack of genetic divergence in capelin (Mallotus villosus) spawning at beach versus subtidal habitats in coastal embayments of Newfoundland

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette M. Penton ◽  
Craig T. McFarlane ◽  
Erin K. Spice ◽  
Margaret F. Docker ◽  
Gail K. Davoren
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Embayments ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Unpredictable Environment ◽  
Spawning Sites

Capelin (Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776)), a focal forage fish in the north Atlantic, spawn on both beach and demersal (deep-water) sites throughout their circumpolar distribution. Although these habitats rarely occur in close proximity, demersal spawning sites within 4 km of beach spawning sites (subtidal) have recently been discovered in two coastal embayments in Newfoundland, Canada. The physical environment differs considerably between beach and subtidal spawning sites, creating the potential for local adaptation and genetic divergence of capelin from the two habitats, but this has never been investigated on a fine spatial scale. We use eight microsatellite loci to test for genetic divergence between capelin spawning at beach and subtidal sites within these two coastal regions in Newfoundland. We found no genetic differentiation between fish spawning at beach and subtidal sites or between the two regions. The results from this fine-scale study are in agreement with the lack of habitat-based structure reported in other studies examining beach and demersal sites separated by a larger geographic area. We suggest that instead of showing site fidelity and local adaptation, the facultative use of alternate spawning habitats may be a more successful strategy in an unpredictable environment.

scholarly journals SEBARANLONGITUDINAL FITOPLANKTONDI SUNGAIMARO, KABUPATENMERAUKE, PROVINSI PAPUA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Lismining Pujiyani Astuti ◽  
Yayuk Sugianti
Keyword(s):  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Spawning Sites

Sungai Maro merupakan salah satu sungai besar di Kabupaten Merauke, berfungsi sebagai habitat ikan hias yang bernilai ekonomis penting yaitu ikan arwana (Scleropages jardinii) dan kakap batu (Datnioide aquadraticus). Wilayah sekitar sungai merupakan rawa-rawa yang merupakan habitat ikan arwana terutama di wilayah tengah sampai hulu sungai. Fitoplankton merupakan produser dan pakan alami beberapa jenis ikan di SungaiMaro. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sebaran longitudinal fitoplankton yang ada di SungaiMaro, Kabupaten Merauke. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan survei dan pengambilan contoh dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2007 di lima stasiun pengamatan pada lokasi pemijahan ikan arwana di ruas Sungai Maro. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah komposisijenis dan kelimpahan fitoplankton. Hasil pengamatan di lima stasiun pengamatan, ditemukan lima kelas fitoplankton yang terdiri atas kelas Chlorophyceae (14 genus), Cyanophyceae (satu genus), Bacillariophyceae (tujuh genus), Dinophyceae (dua genus), dan Euglenaphyceae (satu genus), dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar 49.294- 66.396 ind./L. Persentase fitoplankton tertinggi dari ruas atas sampai bawah adalah Staurastrum dominan dari Stasiun Barkey danWeloyah, Synedra di Stasiun Mouwer dan Toray, Ulothrix di Stasiun Kaliwanggo. Sedangkan urutan keberadaan kelas fitoplankton dari ruas atas sampai bawah di SungaiMaro adalah Chlorophyceae di StasiunBarkey, Weloyah, dan Mouwer, kemudian Bacillariophyceae di Stasiun Toray dan Chlorophyceae di Stasiun Kaliwanggo. Maro River is one of big river inMerauke Regency and serve as ornamental fish habitat of arowana (Sleropages jardinii) and Datnioides aquadraticus that economically has high value. Around of this river are wetland area that is arwana habitat mainly at middle and upper river. Phytoplankton is natural feed producer for several fishes species at Maro River. Aim of this paper was to know longitudinal distribution of phytoplankton atMaro River. The research was conducted by survey method and sampling was conducted in December 2007 at 5 sampling stations on arwana fish spawning sites located at Maro River. The parameters were analyzed include composition and abundance of phytoplankton. Result showed that at five sampling stations were found 5 classes of phytoplankton which consists of the class Chlorophyceae (14 genera), Cyanophyceae (1 genera), Bacillariophyceae (7 genera), Dinophyceae (2 genera), and Euglenaphyceae (1 genera) with the abundance of phytoplankton ranges from 49,294- 66,396 ind./L. The highest percentage of phytoplankton in each station was found from upper to lower segment was Staurastrum found at Barkey and Weloyah Synedra at Mouwer and Toray, Ulothrix at Kaliwanggo. While the presence of phytoplankton class was found from upper to lower on Maro River was Chlorophyceae at Barkey, Weloyah, andMouwer, Bacillariophyceae at Toray and Chlorophyceae at Kaliwanggo.

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