scholarly journals A non-genetic meiotic repair program inferred from spore survival values in fission yeast wild isolates: a clue for an epigenetic ratchet-like model of ageing?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavi Marsellach
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Vegetative Cell ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Variability ◽  
Cyclical Behaviour ◽  
Research Questions

1.AbstractWhat is the nature of the ageing process? What is the spore survival, that one would expect upon analysing a self-cross, in a wild fission yeast strain? Could this two research questions be, somehow, related? In this manuscript, I am describing some interesting observations obtained while studying fission yeast spore survival values upon genetic crosses. Early findings brought my attention into mainly studying self-crosses (intra-strain crosses in which any cell can be involved in by matting with a sibling cell). This study, yield some interesting findings. As a summary: 1) most fission yeast self-crosses do show low spore survival values; 2) clonally related strains show a high phenotypic variability in self-cross spore survival values; 3) differences in self-cross spore survival values can be detected when comparing zygotic and azygotic mattings; 4) self-cross spore survival values are highly affected by environmental factors, mainly producing a reduction in the spore survival values; 5) self-cross spore survival values are “recovered” when cells are subjected to several rounds of meiotic divisions; 6) signs of correlation between spore survival and vegetative cell survival (prior to the entry into meiosis) have been observed in this study. All those observations, among others, are discussed as part of an epigenetic variability that exist in fission yeast populations. A cyclical behaviour, of this epigenetic variability it is proposed, defining an underlying ratchet-like epigenetic mechanisms acting in all cells. In this manuscript, I propose that this mechanism, is, indeed, the main cause of the ageing process.

scholarly journals Population epigenetics, ecotoxicology and human diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
Eugene L Patkin ◽  
Henry A Sofronov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Variability ◽  
Current State ◽  
Population Epigenetics

The review critically examines the current state of population epigenetics. Possible mechanisms of intergenerational inheritance of epigenetic and epigenomic modifications as a condition of population epigenetics reality are examined. Special attention is paid to the role of external factors, including diet and various chemical compounds as modulators of the epigenome, and the possible inheritance of epigenetic variability characteristics under the influence of such environmental factors. The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology and susceptibility to complex human diseases is considered.

Basic Science in Multiple Sclerosis Research

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Gilmore ◽  
Leslie P. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Gender

Through the lens of basic science, this chapter provides an overview of research in multiple sclerosis, with a focus on progress and promise in the study of neuropathological and immunological characteristics of the disease and the influence of genetics, environmental factors, and gender. The stage for discussion is set with consideration for the challenges presented by the complexity and heterogeneity inherent in multiple features of the disease. Key research questions are identified and discussed, along with the importance of contributions from advancements in technology and from animal models. The chapter seeks to illuminate the overall goals of basic research, which are to develop new insights into the causes, triggers, and mechanisms of disease activity in multiple sclerosis and to translate them into strategies to prevent, treat, and ultimately cure this enigmatic disease.

Obesity: epigenetic regulation – recent observations

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Remely ◽  
Ana Laura de la Garza ◽  
Ulrich Magnet ◽  
Eva Aumueller ◽  
Alexander G. Haslberger
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Transgenerational Inheritance ◽  
Obesity Gene ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

AbstractGenetic and environmental factors, especially nutrition and lifestyle, have been discussed in the literature for their relevance to epidemic obesity. Gene-environment interactions may need to be understood for an improved understanding of the causes of obesity, and epigenetic mechanisms are of special importance. Consequences of epigenetic mechanisms seem to be particularly important during certain periods of life: prenatal, postnatal and intergenerational, transgenerational inheritance are discussed with relevance to obesity. This review focuses on nutrients, diet and habits influencing intergenerational, transgenerational, prenatal and postnatal epigenetics; on evidence of epigenetic modifiers in adulthood; and on animal models for the study of obesity.

scholarly journals Phenotypic polymorphism Harmonia axiridis Pall. of invasive species on the territory of the cultivation of the Greater Chernykhychyan of the Sumy district of Sumsky area

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V. M. Toryanik ◽  
L. P. Mironets
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Phenotypic Polymorphism ◽  
The Village

Aim. The features of phenotypic polymorphism Harmonia axyridis Pall. were studied. in the form of a pronotum and an imago elder as an invasive species on the territory of the village of Velyka Chernecha Sumy region of the Sumy region. Methods. The collection of the imago for two years was carried out manually using the route survey method in three directions (southern, southwest, and southeast) from the village center. Phenotypes were allocated according to the classification A.V. Blekhman. Distribution and analysis of phenomorphs on the drawing of the pronotum and the elite of the imago were carried out according to the classification of O.Yu. Kruglova. Results. The presence of 3 phenotypes Harmonia axyridis Pall. in the village is established: succinea, spectabilis, conspicua. According to the projitum and the elite of the imago, 14 and 22 phenoforms were detected, respectively. Conclusions. In the territory of the village of Velyka Chernecchina, there is a pronounced phenotypic variability of Harmonia axyridis Pall. according to the sketches of the pronotum and the imago elite, indicating the presence in the population of microevolutionary processes with a tendency to survive the phenophores with adaptations to stressful environmental factors, probably, it is possible to forecast forming of stable populyaciy of Harmonia axyridis Pall. on territory of the Sumy district.Keywords: Harmonia axyridis Pall., pronotum, elites, phenotypic variability.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Modifications in Plant Development and Reproduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Brukhin ◽  
Emidio Albertini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Variability ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Clonal Generation ◽  
Area Data

Plants are exposed to highly fluctuating effects of light, temperature, weather conditions and many other environmental factors throughout their life. As sessile or-ganisms, unlike animals, they are unable to escape, hide or even change their position. Therefore, the growth and development of plants is largely determined by interaction with the external environment, the success of this interaction depends on the ability of the phenotype plasticity, which is largely determined by epigenetic regulation. In addi-tion to how environmental factors can change the patterns of genes expression, epige-netic regulation determines how genetic expression changes during the differentiation of one cell type into another, and how patterns of gene expression are passed from one cell to its descendants. Thus, one genome can generate many 'epigenomes'. Epigenetic modifications acquire special significance during the formation of gametes and plant reproduction, when epigenetic marks are eliminated during meiosis and early embry-ogenesis and later reappear. However, during asexual plant reproduction, when meio-sis is absent or suspended, epigenetic modifications that have arisen in the parental sporophyte can be transmitted to the next clonal generation practically unchanged. In plants that reproduce sexually and asexually, epigenetic variability has different adap-tive significance. In asexuals, epigenetic regulation is of particular importance for im-parting plasticity to the phenotype, when the genotype remains unchanged for many generations of individuals. Of particular interest is the question of the possibility of transferring acquired epigenetic memory to future generations and its potential role for natural selection and evolution. All these issues will be discussed to some extent in this review. In the last two decades, a lot of data on the epigenetic regulation of plants has appeared, as well as works summarizing the accumulated knowledge (Verhoeven and Preite 2013; Pikaard and Scheid 2014; Gehring 2019; Ono and Kinoshita 2021), nevertheless, many questions remain unclear, and a number of results are contradic-tory. New in this area data is constantly emerging. We tried to take into account and discuss the main findings and conclusions in this field.

Linking Hawaiian Concepts of Health with Epigenetic Research: Implications in Developing Indigenous Scientists

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana-Lynn T. Ko‘omoa ◽  
Alika K. Maunakea
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Native Hawaiian ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Concepts Of Health ◽  
Epigenetic Research

Inherent in the traditional native Hawaiian concept of health is the understanding that environmental factors, including nutrition and social behaviors, trans-generationally impact health outcomes in individuals and communities. Epigenetic mechanisms may now explain molecular links between these environmental factors and health outcomes. This article explores the epigenetic concepts present in ancient Hawaiian wisdom of health and highlights this link as a basis for forging a pathway to modern careers in the health sciences to address diseases of health disparities among native Hawaiians and Pacific peoples.

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