scholarly journals Bacterial adaptation to diet is a key evolutionary force shaping Drosophila-Lactobacillus symbiosis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Martino ◽  
Pauline Joncour ◽  
Ryan Leenay ◽  
Hugo Gervais ◽  
Malay Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Bacterial Adaptation ◽  
Evolutionary Force ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Facultative Symbiosis

AbstractAnimal-microbe facultative symbioses play a fundamental role in ecosystem and organismal health (1–3). Yet, due to the flexible nature of their association, the selection pressures acting on animals and their facultative symbionts remain elusive (4, 5). Here, by applying experimental evolution to a well-established model of facultative symbiosis: Drosophila melanogaster associated with Lactobacillus plantarum, one of its growth promoting symbiont (6, 7), we show that the diet, instead of the host, is a predominant driving force in the evolution of this symbiosis and identify the mechanism resulting from the bacterial adaptation to the diet, which confers host growth benefits. Our study reveals that adaptation to the diet can be the foremost step in the determination of the evolutionary course of a facultative symbiosis.

Multi-Tier Tensile Strain Models for Strain-Based Design: Part 2 — Development and Formulation of Tensile Strain Capacity Models

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Yong-Yi Wang ◽  
Yaxin Song ◽  
David Horsley ◽  
Steve Nanney
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Pipe Wall Thickness ◽  
Crack Driving Force ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Tensile Strain Capacity

This is the second paper in a three-paper series related to the development of tensile strain models. The fundamental basis of the models [1] and evaluation of the models against experiment data [2] are presented in two companion papers. This paper presents the structure and formulation of the models. The philosophy and development of the multi-tier tensile strain models are described. The tensile strain models are applicable for linepipe grades from X65 to X100 and two welding processes, i.e., mechanized GMAW and FCAW/SMAW. The tensile strain capacity (TSC) is given as a function of key material properties and weld and flaw geometric parameters, including pipe wall thickness, girth weld high-low misalignment, pipe strain hardening (Y/T ratio), weld strength mismatch, girth weld flaw size, toughness, and internal pressure. Two essential parts of the tensile strain models are the crack driving force and material’s toughness. This paper covers principally the crack driving force. The significance and determination of material’s toughness are covered in the companion papers [1,2].

Kinematic Modeling of the Gear Shaping Based Novel Cutting Area Analytical Method for Large Gear Shaper

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 2225-2228
Author(s):  
Bing Yu ◽  
Lian Hong Zhang ◽  
Hong Qi Du ◽  
Fu Cong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Kinematic Modeling ◽  
Large Gear ◽  
Gear Manufacturing ◽  
Gear Shaping

Large gear is widely used as a key component of heavy machineries. Gear shaping is the most commonly process of large gear manufacturing. For the design of large gear shaper, the determination of its main driving force depends on the empirical formula. However, its result has shown that the main driving force is much larger than what really needs, which produces a lot of waste. A novel analytical method is proposed in this paper. According to this method, the cutting area can be calculated precisely, and the design of main driving force will be more reasonably, it also provides the theoretical foundation for the design of large gear shaper.

Determination of the essential nutrients required for milk fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum

LWT ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 884-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengjie Ma ◽  
Guojun Cheng ◽  
Zhenmin Liu ◽  
Guangyu Gong ◽  
Zhengjun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Milk Fermentation

Determination of the Driving Force for the Hydration of the Swelling Clays from Computation of the Hydration Energy of the Interlayer Cations and the Clay Layer

2007 ◽  
Vol 111 (35) ◽  
pp. 13170-13176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Salles ◽  
Olivier Bildstein ◽  
Jean-Marc Douillard ◽  
Michel Jullien ◽  
Henri Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Hydration Energy ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Interlayer Cations ◽  
Swelling Clays

Group fractionation and determination of the number of ribosomal subunit proteins from Drosophila melanogaster embryos

Biochemistry ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1425-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yean Chooi ◽  
Linda M. Sabatini ◽  
Elizabeth Dolliver ◽  
Michael Macklin ◽  
Dean Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ribosomal Subunit

scholarly journals Determination of the effects of two feed supplements on Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibele Marques Bolson ◽  
Rodrigo Paidano Alves ◽  
Filipe De Carvalho Victoria ◽  
Kaenara Gomes Munhoz ◽  
Jeferson Luis Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Feed Supplements

scholarly journals Combining metabolomics and experimental evolution reveals key mechanisms underlying longevity differences in laboratory evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Phillips ◽  
Kenneth R. Arnold ◽  
Zer Vue ◽  
Heather Beasley ◽  
Edgar Garza Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Experimental evolution with Drosophila melanogaster has been used extensively for decades to study aging and longevity. In recent years, the addition of DNA and RNA sequencing to this framework has allowed researchers to leverage the statistical power inherent to experimental evolution study the genetic basis of longevity itself. Here we incorporated metabolomic data into to this framework to generate even deeper insights into the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying longevity differences in three groups of experimentally evolved D. melanogaster populations with different aging and longevity patterns. Our metabolomic analysis found that aging alters mitochondrial metabolism through increased consumption of NAD+ and increased usage of the TCA cycle. Combining our genomic and metabolomic data produced a list of biologically relevant candidate genes. Among these candidates, we found significant enrichment for genes and pathways associated with neurological development and function, and carbohydrate metabolism. While we do not explicitly find enrichment for aging canonical genes, neurological dysregulation and carbohydrate metabolism are both known to be associated with accelerated aging and reduced longevity. Taken together, our results in total provide very plausible genetic mechanisms for what might be driving longevity differences in this experimental system. More broadly, our findings demonstrate the value of combining multiple types of omic data with experimental evolution when attempting to dissect mechanisms underlying complex and highly polygenic traits like aging.

scholarly journals Sex overrides mutation in Escherichia coli colonizing the gut

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Frazão ◽  
A. Sousa ◽  
M. Lässig ◽  
I. Gordo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Accelerate Evolution

AbstractBacteria evolve by mutation accumulation in laboratory experiments, but the tempo and mode of evolution in natural environments are largely unknown. Here we show, by experimental evolution of E. coli in the mouse gut, that the ecology of the gut controls bacterial evolution. If a resident E. coli strain is present in the gut, an invading strain evolves by rapid horizontal gene transfer; this mode precedes and outweighs evolution by point mutations. An epidemic infection by two phages drives gene uptake and produces multiple co-existing lineages of phage-carrying (lysogenic) bacteria. A minimal dynamical model explains the temporal pattern of phage epidemics and their complex evolutionary outcome as generic effects of phage-mediated selection. We conclude that phages are an important eco-evolutionary driving force – they accelerate evolution and promote genetic diversity of bacteria.One Sentence SummaryBacteriophages drive rapid evolution in the gut.

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