Determination of the Driving Force for the Hydration of the Swelling Clays from Computation of the Hydration Energy of the Interlayer Cations and the Clay Layer

2007 ◽  
Vol 111 (35) ◽  
pp. 13170-13176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Salles ◽  
Olivier Bildstein ◽  
Jean-Marc Douillard ◽  
Michel Jullien ◽  
Henri Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Hydration Energy ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Interlayer Cations ◽  
Swelling Clays

Multi-Tier Tensile Strain Models for Strain-Based Design: Part 2 — Development and Formulation of Tensile Strain Capacity Models

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Yong-Yi Wang ◽  
Yaxin Song ◽  
David Horsley ◽  
Steve Nanney
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Pipe Wall Thickness ◽  
Crack Driving Force ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Tensile Strain Capacity

This is the second paper in a three-paper series related to the development of tensile strain models. The fundamental basis of the models [1] and evaluation of the models against experiment data [2] are presented in two companion papers. This paper presents the structure and formulation of the models. The philosophy and development of the multi-tier tensile strain models are described. The tensile strain models are applicable for linepipe grades from X65 to X100 and two welding processes, i.e., mechanized GMAW and FCAW/SMAW. The tensile strain capacity (TSC) is given as a function of key material properties and weld and flaw geometric parameters, including pipe wall thickness, girth weld high-low misalignment, pipe strain hardening (Y/T ratio), weld strength mismatch, girth weld flaw size, toughness, and internal pressure. Two essential parts of the tensile strain models are the crack driving force and material’s toughness. This paper covers principally the crack driving force. The significance and determination of material’s toughness are covered in the companion papers [1,2].

Kinematic Modeling of the Gear Shaping Based Novel Cutting Area Analytical Method for Large Gear Shaper

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 2225-2228
Author(s):  
Bing Yu ◽  
Lian Hong Zhang ◽  
Hong Qi Du ◽  
Fu Cong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Kinematic Modeling ◽  
Large Gear ◽  
Gear Manufacturing ◽  
Gear Shaping

Large gear is widely used as a key component of heavy machineries. Gear shaping is the most commonly process of large gear manufacturing. For the design of large gear shaper, the determination of its main driving force depends on the empirical formula. However, its result has shown that the main driving force is much larger than what really needs, which produces a lot of waste. A novel analytical method is proposed in this paper. According to this method, the cutting area can be calculated precisely, and the design of main driving force will be more reasonably, it also provides the theoretical foundation for the design of large gear shaper.

Driving force for the hydration of the swelling clays: Case of montmorillonites saturated with alkaline-earth cations

2013 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Salles ◽  
Jean-Marc Douillard ◽  
Olivier Bildstein ◽  
Cedric Gaudin ◽  
Benedicte Prelot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Swelling Clays ◽  
Alkaline Earth Cations

Dehydration of the montmorillonite minerals

1955 ◽  
Vol 30 (228) ◽  
pp. 604-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Greene-Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydration Energy ◽  
Interlayer Cations ◽  
Potassium Fixation ◽  
Exchange Cations ◽  
Silicate Layers

Studies of the effect of dehydration at temperatures greater than 150° on sorption by montmorillonites have shown that small interlayer cations such as lithium and magnesium promote an irreversible decrease in the amount of interlamellar sorption and a consequent marked fall in the cation exchange capacity as measured by conventional methods (1, 2, 3, 4). The other minerals of the group do not show this property (4), which is quite distinct from the supposed 'potassium fixation' reported in these minerals (5). This latter effect, which is small for montmorillonite, refers to the decreased rate of exchange of potassium as compared with smaller exchange cations especially after the potassium-saturated mineral has been dried at ]00° C., and has been shown to be much more marked in mica-like minerals with silicate layers of higher charge density (e.g. illites and vermiculites (6)). The amount of water sorbed by potassium-saturated montmorillonite is not significantly affected by drying at temperatures below 400° C. although it is less than that of most other montmorilIonites (3), due probably to the low hydration energy of the potassium ion (7).

Adsorption of monodisperse polybutadienes on carbon black, 3 Displacement of pre-adsorbed molecules by the same polymer. Conformational and molecular weight effects

e-Polymers ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Vuillaume ◽  
Bassel Haidar ◽  
Alain Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Conformational Factor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Displacement Processes

AbstractDisplacement of pre-adsorbed macromolecules by the same polymer, polybutadiene, of the same or of different molecular weight was studied in solution and in the bulk. The effect of polymer concentration on pre-adsorption and displacement processes was determined. Displacement was investigated by gel permeation chromatography and by determination of the amount of bound polymer before and after displacement. A conformational factor was established as a major driving force - besides molecular weight - in the displacement process. Polymer chains adsorbed in flat conformation had the highest adsorption stability and could not be displaced by any other molecular weight of the same polymer.

Hydration sequence of swelling clays: Evolutions of specific surface area and hydration energy

2009 ◽  
Vol 333 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Salles ◽  
Jean-Marc Douillard ◽  
Renaud Denoyel ◽  
Olivier Bildstein ◽  
Michel Jullien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Hydration Energy ◽  
Swelling Clays

scholarly journals Analisis Kinerja Tenaga Pendorong Reservoir dan Perhitungan Water Influx pada Perolehan Minyak Tahap Primer (Studi Kasus Lapangan Falipu)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Ira Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Force Parameter ◽  
Material Balance Equation ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Phase Combination

Primary recovery is the stage of oil production by relying on the natural ability of the driving force of the reservoir. Kind of driving force that is water drive reservoir, depletion drive, segregation drive and a combination drive. The pressure drop occurred along its produced oil from the reservoir. Reservoir so that the driving force is the main parameter in maintaining reservoir pressure balance. Through the concept of material balance is the determination of the type of propulsion quifer reservoir and the power that generates driving force parameter analysis capability and aquifer in oil producing naturally. Then do the forecasting production to limit the ability of primary recovery production phase. Combination drive depletion of water drive and the drive is a driving force in the dominant reservoir Falipu Fields with a strongly water aquifer types of drives obtained through material balance equation. Calculations using the method of water influx Havlena & Odeh used as a correction factor for determining the type of propulsion reservoir and aquifer strength. Forecasting production in the Field Falipu generate recovery factor of 41% with a pressure boundary in 2050.

Determination of the Expansion Parameters for the Combined Welding and Expanding Connection of Tube-to-Tubesheet

2010 ◽  
Vol 118-120 ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Hui Fang Li ◽  
Cai Fu Qian ◽  
Lan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Expansion Pressure

In this paper, numerical simulation for hydraulic expanding connection of tube to tubesheet was performed. Residual contact preesure on the contact surface between tube and tubesheet as well as residual expansion stress in the tubesheet were investigated. It is seen the distribution of residual contact pressure is not uniform. Instead, near the two tubesheet surfaces, there are two tightness bands on which the residual contact pressure is high. Based on the fact that residual expansion stress could be a driving force for the tubesheet cracking, it is suggested that the expansion pressure should not be too large but enough to completely form the tightness bands on the contact surface. With this criterion, expansion pressures for typical tube materals and size are given.

scholarly journals Determination of Oxygen Transport Properties from Flux and Driving Force Measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 154 (12) ◽  
pp. B1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarke Thomas Dalslet ◽  
Martin So̸gaard ◽  
Peter Vang Hendriksen
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Force Measurements
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document