scholarly journals Serum proteins can successfully predict self-reported ethnicity: Implications for precision-medicine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram J Bishnoi ◽  
Raymond Palmer ◽  
Donald R Royall
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Area Under Roc Curve ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe effects of inter-individual variability on disease treatment and prevention are important to the goals of “precision medicine” 1. In biomedical research, consideration of racial or ethnic differences allows generation and exploration of hypotheses about interactions among genetic and environmental factors responsible for differential medical outcomes. The US National Institutes of Health, therefore recommends adequate participation of subjects from ethnic minority groups in research studies. Nevertheless, considerable debate has focused on validity of race or ethnicity as biological construct 2. Inconsistent definition of race/ethnicity and insignificant genetic variations between ethnic groups have invited disregard to this construct 3. On the contrary, differences in prevalence, expression and outcomes of various diseases among ethnic groups argue for continued and focused attention to ethnicity as important predicting variable. In context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we have previously reported that ethnicity does moderates the proteomic markers of dementia 4. Here, we attempted to classify and predict selfreported ethnicity (Hispanic or non-Hispanic white, [NHW]) using a limited serum profile of 107 proteins. Random Forest (RF) classification method was able to discriminate those two ethnicities with 95% accuracy and could successfully predict ethnicity in an independent test-set (Area under ROC curve: 0.97). Variable selection method led to a condensed set of six proteins which yielded comparable classification and prediction accuracy. Our results provide preliminary evidence for proteomic variability between ethnic groups, and biological validity of ethnicity construct. Moreover, they also offer an opportunity to exploit these differences towards the objectives of precision medicine.

Precision medicine: opportunities, possibilities, and challenges for patients and providers

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha A Adams ◽  
Carolyn Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
New Research

Abstract Precision medicine approaches disease treatment and prevention by taking patients’ individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle into account. Although the ideas underlying precision medicine are not new, opportunities for its more widespread use in practice have been enhanced by the development of large-scale databases, new methods for categorizing and representing patients, and computational tools for analyzing large datasets. New research methods may create uncertainty for both healthcare professionals and patients. In such situations, frameworks that address ethical, legal, and social challenges can be instrumental for facilitating trust between patients and providers, but must protect patients while not stifling progress or overburdening healthcare professionals. In this perspective, we outline several ethical, legal, and social issues related to the Precision Medicine Initiative’s proposed changes to current institutions, values, and frameworks. This piece is not an exhaustive overview, but is intended to highlight areas meriting further study and action, so that precision medicine’s goal of facilitating systematic learning and research at the point of care does not overshadow healthcare’s goal of providing care to patients.

scholarly journals How Do Alliance Portfolio Factors Affect a Precision Medicine Firm’s Innovation Performance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Yucheong Chon ◽  
Kwangsoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Alliance Portfolio ◽  
Alliance Management ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Medical Paradigm ◽  
Positive Effect

Precision medicine is an approach to disease treatment and prevention that seeks to maximize effectiveness by taking into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle. The medical paradigm has been changed with the emergence of precision medicine and many companies with business related to precision medicine should cooperate with other companies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the alliance portfolio factors that affect firms’ innovation performance. This study examined whether the diversity factors of the alliance portfolio and alliance management capability influenced its innovation performance. Additionally, we investigated the moderate effects of participation of research organizations in the alliance portfolio. As a result, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the industry diversity of the portfolio and innovation performance; therefore, the participation of research organizations in the alliance portfolio showed a positive effect. Additionally, the value governance diversity changed to have a positive effect by interacting with research organizations. This study provides information on the alliance portfolio factors that affect the innovation performance of precision medicine companies.

scholarly journals Precision Medicine for Lysosomal Disorders

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Filippo Pinto e Vairo ◽  
Diana Rojas Málaga ◽  
Francyne Kubaski ◽  
Carolina Fischinger Moura de Souza ◽  
Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Lysosomal Function ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Lysosomal Disorders ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies ◽  
Enzyme Activators

Precision medicine (PM) is an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that accounts for the individual variability in the genes, environment, and lifestyle of each person. Lysosomal diseases (LDs) are a group of genetic metabolic disorders that include approximately 70 monogenic conditions caused by a defect in lysosomal function. LDs may result from primary lysosomal enzyme deficiencies or impairments in membrane-associated proteins, lysosomal enzyme activators, or modifiers that affect lysosomal function. LDs are heterogeneous disorders, and the phenotype of the affected individual depends on the type of substrate and where it accumulates, which may be impacted by the type of genetic change and residual enzymatic activity. LDs are individually rare, with a combined incidence of approximately 1:4000 individuals. Specific therapies are already available for several LDs, and many more are in development. Early identification may enable disease course prediction and a specific intervention, which is very important for clinical outcome. Driven by advances in omics technology, PM aims to provide the most appropriate management for each patient based on the disease susceptibility or treatment response predictions for specific subgroups. In this review, we focused on the emerging diagnostic technologies that may help to optimize the management of each LD patient and the therapeutic options available, as well as in clinical developments that enable customized approaches to be selected for each subject, according to the principles of PM.

Across The “Sweetiest” Properties Of Human Breast Milk: Focus On Oligosaccharides

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaminia Bardanzellu ◽  
Alessandra Reali ◽  
Maria Antonietta Marcialis ◽  
Vassilios Fanos
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Neonatal Nutrition ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Systemic Infections

Introduction: Breast Milk (BM), containing nutrients and bioactive components, represents the best source for neonatal nutrition and determines short- and long- term benefits. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play an active role in these pathophysiological mechanisms. In fact; they influence the shaping of breastfed infant’s gut microbiota, promote intestinal development, confer protection against intestinal or systemic infections modulating immune system; moreover, HMOs determine extra-intestinal effects on several target organs, i.e reducing necrotizing enterocolitis rate or improving brain development. Aims: In this review, we analyze the great inter- and intra-individual variability of BM HMOs, investigating maternal, genetic and environmental factors modulating their composition. Moreover, we provide an update regarding HMOs’ unique properties, underlining their complex interaction with intestinal microbiota and host-derived metabolites. The possible HMOs’ influence on extra-intestinal bacterial communities, potentially influencing newborns’ and even lactating mothers’ health, have been hypothesized. Finally, recognized HMOs’ crucial role, we underline the promising opportunities showed by their addition in formula milk, useful to create dairy products more similar to maternal milk itself.

Medical Care as a Public Accommodation: Moving the Discussion to Race

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 381-394
Author(s):  
Joel Teitelbaum ◽  
Sara Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Federal Assistance ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

This Article explores the concept of public accommodation in a civil rights context and presents an argument for revising the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Act) to extend public accommodation obligations to private healthcare providers and the healthcare industry as a whole, regardless of their participation in federally assisted programs. To the extent that the Act currently reaches healthcare conduct within a relatively narrow definition of “federal assistance,” this view has been eclipsed by the evolution of social attitudes toward the community-wide obligation of healthcare providers, U.S. civil rights policy at both the federal and state levels, the enormity of the federal investment in the U.S. health system and changing concepts of basic health quality. This analysis begins with a brief overview of the current structure of U.S. civil rights law in the context of racial and ethnic minority groups’ access to healthcare.

scholarly journals Influence of study model, baseline catalytic concentrations and analytical system on the stability of serum alanine aminotransferase

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Miquel Bauça ◽  
Andrea Caballero ◽  
Carolina Gómez ◽  
Débora Martínez-Espartosa ◽  
Isabel García del Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Analytical Platforms

AbstractObjectivesThe stability of the analytes most commonly used in routine clinical practice has been the subject of intensive research, with varying and even conflicting results. Such is the case of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of serum ALT according to different variables.MethodsA multicentric study was conducted in eight laboratories using serum samples with known initial catalytic concentrations of ALT within four different ranges, namely: <50 U/L (<0.83 μkat/L), 50–200 U/L (0.83–3.33 μkat/L), 200–400 U/L (3.33–6.67 μkat/L) and >400 U/L (>6.67 μkat/L). Samples were stored for seven days at two different temperatures using four experimental models and four laboratory analytical platforms. The respective stability equations were calculated by linear regression. A multivariate model was used to assess the influence of different variables.ResultsCatalytic concentrations of ALT decreased gradually over time. Temperature (−4%/day at room temperature vs. −1%/day under refrigeration) and the analytical platform had a significant impact, with Architect (Abbott) showing the greatest instability. Initial catalytic concentrations of ALT only had a slight impact on stability, whereas the experimental model had no impact at all.ConclusionsThe constant decrease in serum ALT is reduced when refrigerated. Scarcely studied variables were found to have a significant impact on ALT stability. This observation, added to a considerable inter-individual variability, makes larger studies necessary for the definition of stability equations.

scholarly journals Ethnic Disparities in the Development of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy in a UK Multi-Ethnic Population with Diabetes: An Observational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Manjula D. Nugawela ◽  
Sarega Gurudas ◽  
Andrew Toby Prevost ◽  
Rohini Mathur ◽  
John Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
General Practices

There is little data on ethnic differences in incidence of DR and sight threatening DR (STDR) in the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine ethnic differences in the development of DR and STDR and to identify risk factors of DR and STDR in people with incident or prevalent type II diabetes (T2DM). We used electronic primary care medical records of people registered with 134 general practices in East London during the period from January 2007–January 2017. There were 58,216 people with T2DM eligible to be included in the study. Among people with newly diagnosed T2DM, Indian, Pakistani and African ethnic groups showed an increased risk of DR with Africans having highest risk of STDR compared to White ethnic groups (HR: 1.36 95% CI 1.02–1.83). Among those with prevalent T2DM, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Caribbean ethnic groups showed increased risk of DR and STDR with Indian having the highest risk of any DR (HR: 1.24 95% CI 1.16–1.32) and STDR (HR: 1.38 95% CI 1.17–1.63) compared with Whites after adjusting for all covariates considered. It is important to optimise prevention, screening and treatment options in these ethnic minority groups to avoid health inequalities in diabetes eye care.

scholarly journals Personalized Medicine: Recent Progress in Cancer Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Ann Hoeben ◽  
Elbert A. J. Joosten ◽  
Marieke H. J. van den Beuken-van Everdingen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Personalized medicine (PM) or precision medicine in oncology is an emerging approach for tumor treatment and prevention that takes into account inter- and intra-tumor variability in genes, tumor (immune) environment, and lifestyle and morbidities of each person diagnosed with cancer [...]

scholarly journals Social class versus cultural identity as factors in the residential segregation of ethnic groups in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver for 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Balakrishnan ◽  
Paul Maxim ◽  
Rozzet Jurdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Using Data

This article examines the relevance of the spatial assimilation model in understanding residential segregation of ethnic groups in the three largest gateway cities of Canada. Using data from the census of 2001 it finds that while the model may have worked for the European groups they are less applicable to the visible minorities such as the Chinese, South Asians and Blacks. Residential segregation reduces with generation for the European groups but not for the visible minorities. Canadian patterns seem to be different from that seen in the United States. Many visible minority groups maintain their concentration levels even in the suburbs. The findings seem to indicate that cultural preferences may be just as important as social class in the residential choices of visible minority groups.

scholarly journals NILAI ETIKA BISNIS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS

Jurnal Socius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusti Noor Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Economic Ethics ◽  
Business People ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn the people of South Kalimantan, there are sub-ethnic groups who are well-known as successful business people / entrepreneurs and can maintain their business in a relatively long time, namely Alabio. historically, Alabio have become traders/businessmen who are undoubtedly their trade characteristics. His success in commerce even began when there was a belief in "mysticism", namely since the days of the state of Daha and Dipa were founded. The results of research on business ethics values used by Alabio for social studies showed that the business ethics values of Alabio for social studies learning were not fully utilized by social studies teachers, to facilitate teachers in compiling learning resources based on the Competency Standards of Business Ethics / Economic Ethics, namely Business ethics values used by Alabio can be used in social studies material in class VII, namely on the material of economic ethics in utilizing the factors of production in the life of business, the definition of business, company and business entity, and considerations that need to be considered in doing business.Key Word:  Business Ethics, Alabio People, Social Studies Learning AbstractMasyarakat Kalimantan Selatan, ada kelompok sub-etnis yang dikenal sebagai pengusaha sukses dan dapat mempertahankan bisnis mereka dalam waktu yang relatif lama, yaitu Alabio. Secara historis, Alabio telah menjadi pedagang/pengusaha yang tidak diragukan lagi adalah karakteristik perdagangan mereka. Keberhasilannya dalam perdagangan bahkan dimulai ketika ada keyakinan dalam "mistisisme", yaitu sejak zaman negara bagian Daha dan Dipa didirikan. Hasil penelitian tentang nilai etika bisnis yang digunakan oleh Alabio untuk studi sosial menunjukkan bahwa nilai etika bisnis Alabio untuk pembelajaran IPS tidak sepenuhnya dimanfaatkan oleh guru IPS, untuk memfasilitasi guru dalam menyusun sumber belajar berdasarkan Standar Kompetensi Etika Bisnis. Etika Ekonomi, yaitu nilai etika bisnis yang digunakan oleh Alabio dapat digunakan dalam bahan studi sosial di kelas VII, yaitu pada materi etika ekonomi dalam memanfaatkan faktor-faktor produksi dalam kehidupan suatu perusahaan dan entitas bisnis, dan pertimbangan yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam melakukan bisnis.Kata Kunci: Etika Bisnis, Masyarakat Alabio, Pembelajaran IPS

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