scholarly journals Coupling of autonomic and central events during sleep benefits declarative memory consolidation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Naji ◽  
Giri P. Krishnan ◽  
Elizabeth A McDevitt ◽  
Maxim Bazhenov ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Event Based

AbstractWhile anatomical pathways between forebrain cognitive and brainstem autonomic nervous centers are well defined, autonomic–central interactions during sleep and their contribution to waking performance are not understood. Here, we analyzed simultaneous central activity via electroencephalography (EEG) and autonomic heart beat-to-beat intervals (RR intervals) from electrocardiography (ECG) during wake and daytime sleep. We identified bursts of ECG activity that lasted 4-5 seconds and predominated in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM). Using event-based analysis of NREM sleep, we found an increase in delta (0.5-4Hz) and sigma (12-15Hz) power and an elevated density of slow oscillations (0.5-1Hz) about 5 secs prior to peak of the heart rate burst, as well as a surge in vagal activity, assessed by high-frequency (HF) component of RR intervals. Using regression framework, we show that these Autonomic/Central Events (ACE) positively predicted post-nap improvement in a declarative memory task after controlling for the effects of spindles and slow oscillations from sleep periods without ACE. No such relation was found between memory performance and a control nap. Additionally, NREM ACE negatively correlated with REM sleep and learning in a non-declarative memory task. These results provide the first evidence that coordinated autonomic and central events play a significant role in declarative memory consolidation.

scholarly journals P143 Sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation and NREM sleep EEG oscillations in older adults with obstructive sleep apnea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A68-A68
Author(s):  
J Teh ◽  
L Grummit ◽  
C Haroutonian ◽  
N Cross ◽  
D Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Objectives To compare overnight declarative memory consolidation and NREM sleep EEG oscillations in older adults with OSA to an age-matched control group, and to assess the quantitative sleep EEG features as correlates of memory consolidation. Methods 46 participants (24 without OSA and 22 patients with OSA) were recruited. Participants completed a word-paired associates declarative memory task before and after an 8-hour sleep opportunity with full polysomnography. Power spectral analysis was performed on all-night EEG recorded at frontal and central electrode sites. We calculated slow wave activity (slow oscillations absolute power 0.25–1 Hz; and delta EEG power (0.5–4.5 Hz) in NREM sleep. Slow spindle density (11–13 Hz, events p/min) and fast spindle density (13–16 Hz, events p/min) in stage N2 was derived using an automated spindle detection algorithm. Results Patients with OSA showed no significant differences in overnight memory recall and recognition compared to individuals without OSA. The OSA group showed reduced slow spindle density at the central region and fast spindle density at the frontal region relative to controls. No differences were observed in SWA. Within group correlations showed slow and fast spindle density were correlated to percent recognition in the control group. Conclusion Older adults with OSA had deficits in slow and fast sleep spindles compared to controls. OSA patients showed preserved sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation despite sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxemia. Sleep spindles were positively correlated with overnight memory consolidation in controls but not OSA patients. Targeted interventions to boost spindles may enhance memory consolidation in older adults.

scholarly journals Bi-temporal anodal tDCS during slow-wave sleep boosts episodic memory consolidation in high performers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Grieder ◽  
Yosuke Morishima ◽  
Stephanie Winkelbeiner ◽  
Sarah M Mueller ◽  
Kristoffer Feher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
High Performers

Background: Sleep is crucial for sound memory functioning in humans. In particular, the slow waves that occur predominantly during slow wave sleep (SWS) are associated with hippocampus-dependent declarative memory consolidation. Making use of this association, boosting SWS to improve memory performance would be appealing for both healthy and memory-impaired populations. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation that modulates the brain’s excitability and has shown promising results in improving memory performance. However, owing to differing stimulation protocols and contradictory findings, there is insufficient evidence for the efficacy of tDCS-modulated hippocampal excitability on SWS and sleep-dependent memory consolidation.Hypotheses: We aimed to enhance sleep-dependent memory consolidation and augment slow wave amplitudes.Methods: We applied bi-temporal anodal tDCS to the left and right lateral temporal lobes of 31 healthy participants in a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized crossover study. State-dependent tDCS was administered during slow wave sleep only. A pair-associate episodic memory task was used to assess sleep-dependent memory consolidation with face-occupation stimuli with baseline retrieval before sleep and delayed retrieval after sleep.Results: Sleep-dependent memory consolidation was increased by tDCS only in participants who showed above-average performance (i.e. high performers) in baseline memory retrieval. Moreover, tDCS increased the slow wave amplitudes compared to sham.Conclusions: When targeting a specialized brain mechanism such as memory consolidation with tDCS during slow wave sleep, only those who were high performers at baseline achieved a memory boost.

scholarly journals The modulatory effect of oscillatory reinstatement during slow-wave sleep on declarative memory consolidation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becky Crowley ◽  
Amir-Homayoun Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Human Participants

Consistent with the context-dependent memory literature, previous research suggests that when the same frequency of neural oscillations is reinstated between memory encoding and retrieval, engram reactivation is facilitated, and thus declarative memory recall is enhanced. Importantly, engram reactivation is also fundamental for the redistribution process that underlies sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Therefore, the current study investigated whether reinstating frequency-specific oscillatory activity between encoding and sleep would facilitate the engram reactivation implicated in sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and thus enhance post-sleep declarative memory performance. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of human participants during a declarative memory task. Participants received 60 Hz of stimulation during encoding, and 60 Hz, 90 Hz, or sham stimulation during post-learning slow-wave sleep (SWS) or rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep. In immediate and delayed free recall sessions, declarative memory performance was significantly enhanced if participants had received the same frequency of stimulation during encoding and SWS compared to any other stimulation condition. This finding supports a novel theoretical proposal, which assumes that an intrinsic neurobiological mechanism for coordinating frequency-specific oscillatory activity, during SWS, underlies sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation.

scholarly journals Shining a Light on the Mechanisms of Sleep for Memory Consolidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Frazer ◽  
Yesenia Cabrera ◽  
Rockelle S. Guthrie ◽  
Gina R. Poe
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Learning Tasks

Abstract Purpose of review This paper reviews all optogenetic studies that directly test various sleep states, traits, and circuit-level activity profiles for the consolidation of different learning tasks. Recent findings Inhibiting or exciting neurons involved either in the production of sleep states or in the encoding and consolidation of memories reveals sleep states and traits that are essential for memory. REM sleep, NREM sleep, and the N2 transition to REM (characterized by sleep spindles) are integral to memory consolidation. Neural activity during sharp-wave ripples, slow oscillations, theta waves, and spindles are the mediators of this process. Summary These studies lend strong support to the hypothesis that sleep is essential to the consolidation of memories from the hippocampus and the consolidation of motor learning which does not necessarily involve the hippocampus. Future research can further probe the types of memory dependent on sleep-related traits and on the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators required.

Pharmacologically Increasing Sleep Spindles Enhances Recognition for Negative and High-arousal Memories

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Kaestner ◽  
John T. Wixted ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Sleep affects declarative memory for emotional stimuli differently than it affects declarative memory for nonemotional stimuli. However, the interaction between specific sleep characteristics and emotional memory is not well understood. Recent studies on how sleep affects emotional memory have focused on rapid eye movement sleep (REM) but have not addressed non-REM sleep, particularly sleep spindles. This is despite the fact that sleep spindles are implicated in declarative memory as well as neural models of memory consolidation (e.g., hippocampal neural replay). Additionally, many studies examine a limited range of emotional stimuli and fail to disentangle differences in memory performance because of variance in valence and arousal. Here, we experimentally increase non-REM sleep features, sleep spindle density, and SWS, with pharmacological interventions using zolpidem (Ambien) and sodium oxybate (Xyrem) during daytime naps. We use a full spread of emotional stimuli to test all levels of valence and arousal. We find that increasing sleep spindle density increases memory discrimination (da) for highly arousing and negative stimuli without altering measures of bias (ca). These results indicate a broader role for sleep in the processing of emotional stimuli with differing effects based on arousal and valence, and they raise the possibility that sleep spindles causally facilitate emotional memory consolidation. These findings are discussed in terms of the known use of hypnotics in individuals with emotional mood disorders.

scholarly journals Egocentric Navigation Abilities Predict Episodic Memory Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Committeri ◽  
Agustina Fragueiro ◽  
Maria Maddalena Campanile ◽  
Marco Lagatta ◽  
Ford Burles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Path Integration ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Egocentric Navigation

The medial temporal lobe supports both navigation and declarative memory. On this basis, a theory of phylogenetic continuity has been proposed according to which episodic and semantic memories have evolved from egocentric (e.g., path integration) and allocentric (e.g., map-based) navigation in the physical world, respectively. Here, we explored the behavioral significance of this neurophysiological model by investigating the relationship between the performance of healthy individuals on a path integration and an episodic memory task. We investigated the path integration performance through a proprioceptive Triangle Completion Task and assessed episodic memory through a picture recognition task. We evaluated the specificity of the association between performance in these two tasks by including in the study design a verbal semantic memory task. We also controlled for the effect of attention and working memory and tested the robustness of the results by including alternative versions of the path integration and semantic memory tasks. We found a significant positive correlation between the performance on the path integration the episodic, but not semantic, memory tasks. This pattern of correlation was not explained by general cognitive abilities and persisted also when considering a visual path integration task and a non-verbal semantic memory task. Importantly, a cross-validation analysis showed that participants' egocentric navigation abilities reliably predicted episodic memory performance. Altogether, our findings support the hypothesis of a phylogenetic continuity between egocentric navigation and episodic memory and pave the way for future research on the potential causal role of egocentric navigation on multiple forms of episodic memory.

scholarly journals 0084 Sleep Consolidates Incidentally Encoded Information After Deep but Not Shallow Encoding

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A34-A34
Author(s):  
E M Wernette ◽  
K M Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Incidental Encoding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory

Abstract Introduction Slow wave sleep (SWS) strengthens declarative memory for information studied for a later test. However, research on the effect of sleep on information that is not intentionally remembered is scare. Previous research from our lab suggests sleep consolidates some, but not all, information that has been encoded incidentally, meaning that it has been acted on but not intentionally remembered. It remains unclear what determines which information benefits from sleep-dependent consolidation processes and what aspects of sleep are related to these mnemonic benefits. In two experiments, we test the hypothesis that sleep consolidates strong but not weak memory traces following incidental encoding, and assess the relationship between memory performance and objective sleep characteristics. Methods In Experiment 1, participants rated words one (weak traces) or three times (strong traces) in a deep or shallow incidental encoding task. Participants either rated words on a scale from ‘concrete’ to ‘abstract’ (deep) or counted the vowels in the words (shallow). Following a 12-hour period containing sleep or wakefulness, participants took a surprise memory test. In Experiment 2, participants rated words one or three times in the deep encoding task, received an 8-hour sleep opportunity with polysomnography, and took the surprise memory test. Results In Experiment 1, participants remembered words better after sleep than wake regardless of whether words were encoded one or three times, but only after deep encoding. Sleep did not consolidate information following shallow encoding. Experiment 2 is ongoing, but we predict that the amount of SWS will correlate positively with memory. Conclusion Results thus far suggest sleep may have consolidated information based on the strength of memory traces. Because deep encoding results in stronger memory traces than shallow encoding, this work is broadly consistent with theories of memory consolidation that predict sleep is more beneficial for strong memory traces than weak, such as the synaptic downscaling hypothesis. Support N/A

Does Delay Affect Prospective Memory Performance?

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Nigro ◽  
Pier Carla Cicogna
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Prospective Memory Task ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Prospective Remembering ◽  
Intention Formation ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Prospective Memory Performance

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the retention interval between intention formation and the execution of the action affects the occurrence of remembering and its accuracy. 126 subjects (48 men and 78 women) between 18 and 24 years participated in a two-phase experiment. An event-based prospective memory task was assigned at the end of the first experimental session, which required reporting a message to the second experimenter at the beginning of the second experimental session. The length of the interval of time between the formation of the intention and its execution varied (10 minutes, 2 days, 2 weeks). Participants were randomly assigned to the three conditions (42 each). A post-experimental interview was carried out in order to find out the strategies that subjects employed to retrieve the message and the importance they attributed to the task. Results indicate that the delay affected neither the occurrence of remembering nor its accuracy, and that the importance attributed to the planned action improved the likelihood of prospective remembering. Furthermore, results seem to indicate that external reminders do not improve prospective memory. Further implications of the finding were discussed.

scholarly journals 0669 The Effects Of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy In Moderate To Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A High-density EEG Study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A255-A255
Author(s):  
A L D’Rozario ◽  
C Kao ◽  
A E Mullins ◽  
N Memarian ◽  
B Yee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
High Density ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Topographic Analysis ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Power Maps ◽  
Eeg Power

Abstract Introduction A previous high-density electroencephalography (EEG) investigation in asymptomatic OSA showed regional deficits in sleep EEG power particularly slow wave activity (SWA) during NREM sleep in the parietal region. It is unclear whether treatment with CPAP can reverse local sleep EEG abnormalities in OSA, and whether any recovery is related to improvement in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Methods Fifteen male participants (age 50.4±6.5yrs, AHI 51.7±23.5/h) with moderate-severe OSA (AHI>15/h) underwent overnight polysomnography with 256-channel high-density EEG at baseline and following 3 months of CPAP therapy. A word paired associates declarative memory task was administered before and after sleep. After artefact removal, spectral analysis was performed for all channels. Topographical power maps were calculated for standard frequency ranges for NREM sleep (164 channels within a 0.57 radius from the vertex). Maps were compared using both absolute and normalized power (z-scores computed for each subject) and differences between baseline and treatment were determined by statistical nonparametric mapping. Results In 11 CPAP compliant patients (intolerant of CPAP [n=3]/high-density EEG [n=1]), analysis of polysomnographic variables showed that total sleep time did not differ but N1 (baseline vs. treatment: 66.9 vs. 39.5 mins,p=0.008) and N2 (195.0 vs. 150.6 mins,p=0.002) sleep was lower and N3 (89.8 vs. 128.7 mins,p=0.003) was higher after CPAP. Topographic analysis of high-density EEG data revealed a regional increase in SWA (1-4.5Hz) EEG power during N3 sleep in a cluster of electrodes overlying the centro-parietal cortex (cluster mean t-value=2.87,p=0.02). The change in overnight declarative memory consolidation (% recognition) after CPAP was significantly correlated with the change in slow spindle frequency activity in frontal regions (cluster mean r=0.875,p=0.003). Conclusion CPAP treatment may enhance localised deficits in sleep EEG activity in OSA, and specific regional recovery may translate to memory improvements in the short-term. These data also highlight the potential for long-term therapeutic effects on cognitive outcomes in OSA. Support  

scholarly journals Odor-evoked category reactivation in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex during sleep promotes memory consolidation

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K Shanahan ◽  
Eva Gjorgieva ◽  
Ken A Paller ◽  
Thorsten Kahnt ◽  
Jay A Gottfried
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Object Location Memory ◽  
Level Information

Slow-wave sleep is an optimal opportunity for memory consolidation: when encoding occurs in the presence of a sensory cue, delivery of that cue during sleep enhances retrieval of associated memories. Recent studies suggest that cues might promote consolidation by inducing neural reinstatement of cue-associated content during sleep, but direct evidence for such mechanisms is scant, and the relevant brain areas supporting these processes are poorly understood. Here, we address these gaps by combining a novel olfactory cueing paradigm with an object-location memory task and simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording in human subjects. Using pattern analysis of fMRI ensemble activity, we find that presentation of odor cues during sleep promotes reactivation of category-level information in ventromedial prefrontal cortex that significantly correlates with post-sleep memory performance. In identifying the potential mechanisms by which odor cues selectively modulate memory in the sleeping brain, these findings bring unique insights into elucidating how and what we remember.

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