scholarly journals Identifying Critical Points of Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms From Childhood to Young Adulthood: Evidence of Sex Differences from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. F. Kwong ◽  
David Manley ◽  
Nicholas J. Timpson ◽  
Rebecca M. Pearson ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Multilevel Growth Curve Models

AbstractDepression is a common mental illness associated with increased substance misuse and risk of suicide. Potential risk factors for depression include sex and depressive symptoms in early life, however the mechanisms responsible are not yet understood. Research has focused on late childhood and adolescence as this developmental period may be a modifiable risk factor that prevents or reduces depression at a later stage. It is also important to establish at what ages the level of depression is changing as this will help identify critical points to intervene with treatment. We used multilevel growth-curve models to explore adolescent trajectories of depressive symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK based pregnancy cohort. Using data from 9301 individuals, trajectories of depressive symptoms were constructed for males and females between 10.6 and 22.8 years old. We calculated the age of peak velocity for depressive symptoms (the age at which depressive symptoms increases most rapidly) and the age of maximum depressive symptoms. Adjusted results suggested that being female was associated with a steeper trajectory compared to being male (per 1 year increase in relation to depressive symptoms: 0.128, SE = 0.035, [95% CI: 0.059, 0.198]; p <0.001). We found evidence suggesting that females had an earlier age of peak velocity of depressive symptoms (females 13.7 years old, SE = 0.321, [95% CI: 12.9, 14.4] and males 16.4 years old, SE = 0.096, [95% CI: 16.2, 16.6]; p <0.001), but weak evidence of an earlier age of maximum depressive symptoms (p = 0.125). Possible mechanisms that underlie this sex difference include the roles of pubertal development and timing. Using multilevel growth curve models to estimate the age of peak velocity and maximum depressive symptoms for different population subgroups may provide useful knowledge for treating and preventing later depression.

scholarly journals Maternal and paternal depression and child mental health trajectories: evidence from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Rajyaguru ◽  
Alex S. F. Kwong ◽  
Elizabeth Braithwaite ◽  
Rebecca M. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Background The relationships between offspring depression profiles across adolescence and different timings of parental depression during the perinatal period remain unknown. Aims To explore different timings of maternal and paternal perinatal depression in relation to patterns of change in offspring depressive mood over a 14 year period. Method Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Parental antenatal depression (ANTD) was assessed at 18 weeks gestation, and postnatal depression (PNTD) at 8 weeks postpartum. Population-averaged trajectories of offspring depressive symptoms were estimated using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) on nine occasions between 10 and 24 years of age. Results Full data were available for 5029 individuals. Offspring exposed to both timings of maternal depression had higher depressive symptoms across adolescence compared with offspring not exposed to ANTD or PNTD, characterised by higher depressive symptoms at age 16 (7.07 SMFQ points (95% CI = 6.19, 7.95; P < 0.001)) and a greater rate of linear change (0.698 SMFQ points (95% CI = 0.47, 0.93; P = 0.002)). Isolated maternal ANTD and to a lesser extent PNTD were also both associated with higher depressive symptoms at age 16, yet isolated maternal PNTD showed greater evidence for an increased rate of linear change across adolescence. A similar pattern was observed for paternal ANTD and PNTD, although effect sizes were attenuated. Conclusions This study adds to the literature demonstrating that exposure to two timings of maternal depression (ANTD and PNTD) is strongly associated with greater offspring trajectories of depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Depressive symptoms during pregnancy and low birth weight at term

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Evans ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Roshni R. Patel ◽  
Nicola Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

SummaryThere is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of depression during pregnancy on birth weight. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children to investigate whether depressive symptoms during pregnancy in 10 967 women led to low birth weight at term in their offspring. Those with a high depressive symptom score during pregnancy were more likely to have babies of low birth weight (95% CI 1.16–2.40, P < 0.01), but this attenuated after adjustment for confounders (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.87–1.91, P = 0.210). Hence there is little evidence of an independent association between depressive symptoms during pregnancy and birth weight.

scholarly journals The Association Between Locus of Control and Psychopathology: A Cross-Cohort Comparison Between a UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) and a Japanese (Tokyo Teen Cohort) Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Sullivan ◽  
Syudo Yamasaki ◽  
Shuntaro Ando ◽  
Kaori Endo ◽  
Kiyoto Kasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Japanese Cohort ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adult Psychopathology

Background: An external locus of control (externality) is associated with poorer psychopathology in individualist cultures, but associations are reported to be weaker in collectivist cultures where an external style is less maladaptive. We investigated the prospective association between externality and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) and depressive symptoms (DS) and compared the strength of associations between a UK and a Japanese cohort.Method: Cross-cultural cohort study of a UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) and a Japanese cohort (Tokyo Teen Cohort). Externality was assessed using the Children's Nowicki and Strickland Internal, External Scale and DS using the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire in both cohorts, PLE were assessed with the Psychosis-Like Experiences Questionnaire (ALSPAC), and the Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (TTC). Associations were investigated using multivariable regression models and bivariate regression models to compare the strength of associations.Results: Mean externality in both childhood and adolescence was higher in ALSPAC than in the TTC. Childhood externality was associated with PLE in late childhood and adolescence in both cohorts and adolescent externality was associated with PLE in young adulthood in the ALSPAC cohort. There was a more mixed pattern of association between externality and DS scores. There was little evidence of any differences in the strength of associations between externality and different psychopathologies, or between cohorts. In ALSPAC adolescent externality and early adult psychopathology were more strongly associated than childhood externality and adolescent and early adult psychopathology. There was no evidence that change in externality between childhood and adolescence was associated with new onset PLE or DS in early adulthood.Conclusion: An external locus of control is associated with poor mental health regardless of cultural context.

scholarly journals Association between Breastfeeding and DNA Methylation over the Life Course: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Pires Hartwig ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Andrew J. Simpkin ◽  
Cesar Gomes Victora ◽  
Caroline L. Relton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Background: Breastfeeding is associated with short and long-term health benefits. Long-term effects might be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, yet the literature on this topic is scarce. We performed the first epigenome-wide association study of infant feeding, comparing breastfed vs non-breastfed children. We measured DNA methylation in children from peripheral blood collected in childhood (age 7 years, N = 640) and adolescence (age 15–17 years, N = 709) within the Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomic Studies (ARIES) project, part of the larger Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Cord blood methylation (N = 702) was used as a negative control for potential pre-natal residual confounding. Results: Two differentially-methylated sites presented directionally-consistent associations with breastfeeding at ages 7 and 15–17 years, but not at birth. Twelve differentially-methylated regions in relation to breastfeeding were identified, and for three of them there was evidence of directional concordance between ages 7 and 15–17 years, but not between birth and age 7 years. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that DNA methylation in childhood and adolescence may be predicted by breastfeeding, but further studies with sufficiently large samples for replication are required to identify robust associations.

scholarly journals Association between breastfeeding and DNA methylation over the life course: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Pires Hartwig ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Andrew J Simpkin ◽  
Cesar Gomes Victora ◽  
Caroline L. Relton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding is associated with short and long-term health benefits. Long-term effects might be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, yet a recent systematic review indicated that the literature on this topic is scarce. We performed the first epigenome-wide association study of infant feeding, comparing breastfed vs non-breastfed children. We measured DNA methylation in children from peripheral blood collected in childhood (age 7, N=640) and adolescence (age 15-17, N=709) within the Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomic Studies (ARIES) project, part of the larger Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Cord blood methylation (N=702) was used as a negative control for potential pre-natal residual confounding.ResultsTwo differentially-methylated sites presented directionally-consistent associations with breastfeeding at ages 7 and 15-17, but not at birth. Twelve differentially-methylated regions in relation to breastfeeding were identified, and for three of them there was evidence of directional concordance between ages 7 and 15-17, but not between birth and age 7.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that DNA methylation in childhood and adolescence may be predicted by breastfeeding, but further studies with sufficiently large samples for replication are required to identify robust associations.

scholarly journals Using statistical shape modelling of DXA images to quantify the shape of the proximal femur at ages 14 and 18 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Monika Frysz ◽  
Jenny S. Gregory ◽  
Richard M. Aspden ◽  
Lavinia Paternoster ◽  
Jonathan H. Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Shape Modelling ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Statistical Shape ◽  
Statistical Shape Modelling ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

Hip shape is an important determinant of hip osteoarthritis and osteoporotic hip fracture; however, little is known about its development in childhood and adolescence. While previous studies largely focused on individual geometrical indices of hip geometry such as neck-shaft angle or femoral neck width, statistical shape modelling offers the means to quantify the entire contour of the proximal femur, including lesser trochanter and acetabular eyebrow. We describe the derivation of independent modes of variation (hip shape mode scores) to characterise variation in hip shape from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) offspring, using statistical shape modelling. ALSPAC is a rich source of phenotypic and genotypic data which provides a unique opportunity to investigate the environmental and genetic influences on hip shape in adolescence, as well as comparison with adult hip shape.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Neighborhood Changes from Adolescence to Adulthood: Latent Class Growth Analysis and Multilevel Growth Curve Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1829
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Lee ◽  
Lorena M. Estrada-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Latent Class Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Multilevel Growth Curve Models

The role of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and racial/ethnic composition on depression has received considerable attention in the United States. This study examines associations between trajectory patterns of neighborhood changes and depressive symptoms using data from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We used latent class growth analysis to determine the number and distribution of person-centered trajectories for neighborhood characteristics, and multilevel growth curve models to examine how belonging to each class impacted depression trajectories from ages 13 to 32 among non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Others (NHO). The distribution of neighborhood SES classes across racial/ethnic groups suggests significant levels of economic inequality, but had no effect on depressive symptoms. A more complex picture emerged on the number and distribution of racial/ethnic composition latent class trajectories. Compared to NHB peers who lived in predominantly NHW neighborhoods from adolescence to adulthood, NHBs in more diverse neighborhoods had lower risk for depressive symptoms. Conversely, Hispanics living in neighborhoods with fewer NHWs had higher risk for depressive symptoms. Among NHOs, living in neighborhoods with a critical mass of other NHOs had a protective effect against depressive symptoms.

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