scholarly journals Abnormal Speech Motor Control in Individuals with 16p11.2 Deletions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Demopoulos ◽  
Hardik Kothare ◽  
Danielle Mizuiri ◽  
Jennifer Henderson-Sabes ◽  
Brieana Fregeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Spectral Peak ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Sensorimotor Adaptation ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Identity Changes ◽  
Speech Motor

AbstractSpeech and motor deficits are highly prevalent (>70%) in individuals with the 600 kb BP4-BP5 16p11.2 deletion; however, the mechanisms that drive these deficits are unclear, limiting our ability to target interventions and advance treatment. This study examined fundamental aspects of speech motor control in participants with the 16p11.2 deletion. To assess capacity for control of voice, we examined how accurately and quickly subjects changed the pitch of their voice within a trial to correct for a transient perturbation of the pitch of their auditory feedback. When compared to sibling controls, 16p11.2 deletion carriers show an over-exaggerated pitch compensation response to unpredictable mid-vocalization pitch perturbations. We also examined sensorimotor adaptation of speech by assessing how subjects learned to adapt their sustained productions of formants (speech spectral peak frequencies important for vowel identity), in response to consistent changes in their auditory feedback during vowel production. Deletion carriers show reduced sensorimotor adaptation to sustained vowel identity changes in auditory feedback. These results together suggest that 16p11.2 deletion carriers have fundamental impairments in the basic mechanisms of speech motor control and these impairments may partially explain the deficits in speech and language in these individuals.

scholarly journals Consistency influences altered auditory feedback processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 2371-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias K Franken ◽  
Daniel J Acheson ◽  
James M McQueen ◽  
Peter Hagoort ◽  
Frank Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Motor Commands ◽  
Consistent Condition ◽  
Consistency Effect ◽  
Speech Motor

Previous research on the effect of perturbed auditory feedback in speech production has focused on two types of responses. In the short term, speakers generate compensatory motor commands in response to unexpected perturbations. In the longer term, speakers adapt feedforward motor programmes in response to feedback perturbations, to avoid future errors. The current study investigated the relation between these two types of responses to altered auditory feedback. Specifically, it was hypothesised that consistency in previous feedback perturbations would influence whether speakers adapt their feedforward motor programmes. In an altered auditory feedback paradigm, formant perturbations were applied either across all trials (the consistent condition) or only to some trials, whereas the others remained unperturbed (the inconsistent condition). The results showed that speakers’ responses were affected by feedback consistency, with stronger speech changes in the consistent condition compared with the inconsistent condition. Current models of speech-motor control can explain this consistency effect. However, the data also suggest that compensation and adaptation are distinct processes, which are not in line with all current models.

Taxonomies in Biology, Phonetics, Phonology, and Speech Motor Control

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Folkins ◽  
Ken M. Bleile
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Phonetic Transcription ◽  
Phonological Deficits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Speech Motor

This article begins with a review explaining the different purposes of biological taxonomies. Taxonomic units are often dependent on the purpose for which the taxonomy has been constructed. Biological taxonomies provide an analogy that we use to emphasize some of the distinctions among the units of phonetic transcription systems, competence phonologies, and performance phonologies. The units of both phonology and phonetic transcription are considered as possible units of the speech motor system, and some of the difficulties of this assumption are explained. Although phonemic units, like units of phonetic transcription, are useful for many purposes, it is not theoretically necessary to use units derived as part of competence phonologies in systems attempting to explain phonological performance or speech motor performance. In this regard, we challenge the concept of coarticulation, because it is based on assumptions about the role of phonological or phonetic units in speech motor control. We offer an integrated perspective that has implications for research in speech motor control and deficits of the speech motor system. We see speech motor deficits as distinct from, yet possibly interacting with, phonological deficits.

How the Study of Speech Motor Control Can Inform Assessment and Intervention in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Case ◽  
Maria Grigos
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose The study of speech motor control has led to great advancements in the current understanding of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). There remains a significant need to bridge the gap between theory and practice to fully understand the clinical implications of past research. Method This review article reviews the speech motor control research in CAS and discusses how these works have offered key information about the underlying motor deficits (Grigos et al., 2015; Terband et al., 2019), the influence of structured practice on speech performance (Case & Grigos, 2016; Grigos & Case, 2018), and the role of task complexity (Case, 2019; Case & Grigos, 2016; Grigos & Case, 2018). We highlight salient points from this existing literature and clinical implications to the assessment and treatment of CAS. Conclusion The study of speech motor control has shed light on a number of key factors related to CAS. Even within perceptually accurate speech, children with CAS display differences in movement patterning and timing control. Assessment must aim to more directly tax speech motor skills to obtain a thorough and accurate illustration of production deficits. Intervention is challenged with the task of not only improving production accuracy but also facilitating more efficient motor planning and programming. Motor-based intervention that applies motor learning principles and introduces variability across motor, phonetic, and prosodic contexts is believed to achieve this goal, though research is needed to better understand changes in speech motor control with treatment.

Don’t blame yourself: Conscious source monitoring modulates feedback control during speech production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias K. Franken ◽  
Robert Hartsuiker ◽  
Petter Johansson ◽  
Lars Hall ◽  
Andreas Lind
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
External Source ◽  
The Self ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Sensory Event ◽  
Speech Motor

Sensory feedback plays an important role in speech motor control. One of the main sources of evidence for this are studies where online auditory feedback is perturbed during ongoing speech. In motor control, it is therefore crucial to distinguish between sensory feedback and externally generated sensory events. This is called source monitoring. Previous altered feedback studies have taken non-conscious source monitoring for granted, as automatic responses to altered sensory feedback imply that the feedback changes are processed as self-caused. However, the role of conscious source monitoring is unclear. The current study investigated whether conscious source monitoring modulates responses to unexpected pitch changes in auditory feedback. During a first block, some participants spontaneously attributed the pitch shifts to themselves (self-blamers) while others attributed them to an external source (other-blamers). Before block 2, all participants were informed that the pitch shifts were experimentally induced. The self-blamers then showed a reduction in response magnitude in block 2 compared with block 1, while the other-blamers did not. This suggests that conscious source monitoring modulates responses to altered auditory feedback, such that consciously ascribing feedback to oneself leads to larger compensation responses. These results can be accounted for within the dominant comparator framework, where conscious source monitoring could modulate the gain on sensory feedback. Alternatively, the results can be naturally explained from an inferential framework, where conscious knowledge may bias the priors in a Bayesian process to determine the most likely source of a sensory event.

EXPRESS: Don’t blame yourself: Conscious source monitoring modulates feedback control during speech production

2022 ◽  
pp. 174702182210756
Author(s):  
Matthias K. Franken ◽  
Robert J Hartsuiker ◽  
Petter Johansson ◽  
Lars Hall ◽  
Andreas Lind
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
External Source ◽  
The Self ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Sensory Event ◽  
Speech Motor

Sensory feedback plays an important role in speech motor control. One of the main sources of evidence for this are studies where online auditory feedback is perturbed during ongoing speech. In motor control, it is therefore crucial to distinguish between sensory feedback and externally generated sensory events. This is called source monitoring. Previous altered feedback studies have taken non-conscious source monitoring for granted, as automatic responses to altered sensory feedback imply that the feedback changes are processed as self-caused. However, the role of conscious source monitoring is unclear. The current study investigated whether conscious source monitoring modulates responses to unexpected pitch changes in auditory feedback. During a first block, some participants spontaneously attributed the pitch shifts to themselves (self-blamers) while others attributed them to an external source (other-blamers). Before block 2, all participants were informed that the pitch shifts were experimentally induced. The self-blamers then showed a reduction in response magnitude in block 2 compared with block 1, while the other-blamers did not. This suggests that conscious source monitoring modulates responses to altered auditory feedback, such that consciously ascribing feedback to oneself leads to larger compensation responses. These results can be accounted for within the dominant comparator framework, where conscious source monitoring could modulate the gain on sensory feedback. Alternatively, the results can be naturally explained from an inferential framework, where conscious knowledge may bias the priors in a Bayesian process to determine the most likely source of a sensory event.

Speech motor control: Acoustic goals, saturation effects, auditory feedback and internal models

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 227-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Perkell ◽  
Melanie Matthies ◽  
Harlan Lane ◽  
Frank Guenther ◽  
Reiner Wilhelms-Tricarico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Saturation Effects ◽  
Speech Motor
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