scholarly journals Dynamics of brain activity reveal a unitary recognition signal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph T. Weidemann ◽  
Michael J. Kahana
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Temporal Profiles ◽  
Eeg Features

Dual-process models of recognition memory typically assume that independent familiarity and recollection signals with distinct temporal profiles can each lead to recognition (enabling two routes to recognition), whereas single-process models posit a unitary “memory strength” signal. Using multivariate classifiers trained on spectral EEG features, we quantified neural evidence for recognition decisions as a function of time. Classifiers trained on a small portion of the decision period performed similarly to those also incorporating information from previous time points indicating that neural activity reflects an integrated evidence signal. We propose a single-route account of recognition memory that is compatible with contributions from familiarity and recollection signals, but relies on a unitary evidence signal that integrates all available evidence.

The Electrophysiological Signature of Remember–Know Is Confounded with Memory Strength and Cannot Be Interpreted as Evidence for Dual-process Theory of Recognition

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Brezis ◽  
Zohar Z. Bronfman ◽  
Galit Yovel ◽  
Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Electrophysiological Signal ◽  
Open Question ◽  
With Memory

The quantity and nature of the processes underlying recognition memory remains an open question. A majority of behavioral, neuropsychological, and brain studies have suggested that recognition memory is supported by two dissociable processes: recollection and familiarity. It has been conversely argued, however, that recollection and familiarity map onto a single continuum of mnemonic strength and hence that recognition memory is mediated by a single process. Previous electrophysiological studies found marked dissociations between recollection and familiarity, which have been widely held as corroborating the dual-process account. However, it remains unknown whether a strength interpretation can likewise apply for these findings. Here we describe an ERP study, using a modified remember–know (RK) procedure, which allowed us to control for mnemonic strength. We find that ERPs of high and low mnemonic strength mimicked the electrophysiological distinction between R and K responses, in a lateral positive component (LPC), 500–1000 msec poststimulus onset. Critically, when contrasting strength with RK experience, by comparing weak R to strong K responses, the electrophysiological signal mapped onto strength, not onto subjective RK experience. Invoking the LPC as support for dual-process accounts may, therefore, be amiss.

scholarly journals Midazolam-induced Amnesia Reduces Memory for Details and Affects the ERP Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Nyhus ◽  
Tim Curran
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Dual Process Models ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection

Dual process models suggest that recognition memory is supported by familiarity and recollection processes. Previous research administering amnesic drugs and measuring ERPs during recognition memory have provided evidence for separable neural correlates of familiarity and recollection. This study examined the effect of midazolam-induced amnesia on memory for details and the proposed ERP correlates of recognition. Midazolam or saline was administered while subjects studied oriented pictures of common objects. ERPs were recorded during a recognition test 1 day later. Subjects' discrimination of old and new pictures as well as orientation discrimination was worse when they were given midazolam instead of saline. As predicted, the parietal old/new effect was decreased with the administration of midazolam. However, weaker effects on FN400 old/new effects were also observed. These results provide converging pharmacological and electrophysiological evidence that midazolam primarily affects recollection as indexed by parietal ERP old/new effects and memory for orientation, while also exerting some weaker effects on familiarity as indexed by FN400 old/new effects.

scholarly journals Feature sampling in categorization and recognition of objects

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Perceptual Categorization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Recognition Of Objects

This article presents an overview of some recent work on the time course of perceptual categorization and recognition memory. First, The EGCM-RT, which is a feature-sampling model of the time course of categorization, is described. It is shown that the model explains a wide range of categorization data. Second, an overview is given of a feature-sampling model of the time course of recognition that is derived from the EGCM-RT. This model explains results that have been interpreted in the past as evidence for dual-process models of recognition, and it provides a single-process alternative to dual-process accounts.

scholarly journals Memory Strength Effects in fMRI Studies: A Matter of Confidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2324-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greig I. de Zubicaray ◽  
Katie L. McMahon ◽  
Simon Dennis ◽  
John C. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Perirhinal Cortex ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Irrelevant Item ◽  
Subjective Confidence ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Confidence Ratings

To investigate potentially dissociable recognition memory responses in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex, fMRI studies have often used confidence ratings as an index of memory strength. Confidence ratings, although correlated with memory strength, also reflect sources of variability, including task-irrelevant item effects and differences both within and across individuals in terms of applying decision criteria to separate weak from strong memories. We presented words one, two, or four times at study in each of two different conditions, focused and divided attention, and then conducted separate fMRI analyses of correct old responses on the basis of subjective confidence ratings or estimates from single- versus dual-process recognition memory models. Overall, the effect of focussing attention on spaced repetitions at study manifested as enhanced recognition memory performance. Confidence- versus model-based analyses revealed disparate patterns of hippocampal and perirhinal cortex activity at both study and test and both within and across hemispheres. The failure to observe equivalent patterns of activity indicates that fMRI signals associated with subjective confidence ratings reflect additional sources of variability. The results are consistent with predictions of single-process models of recognition memory.

scholarly journals Single- and Dual-Process Models of Biased Contingency Detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Vadillo ◽  
Fernando Blanco ◽  
Ion Yarritu ◽  
Helena Matute
Keyword(s):  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Contingency Learning ◽  
Contingency Detection ◽  
Dual Process Models ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Single Process

Abstract. Decades of research in causal and contingency learning show that people’s estimations of the degree of contingency between two events are easily biased by the relative probabilities of those two events. If two events co-occur frequently, then people tend to overestimate the strength of the contingency between them. Traditionally, these biases have been explained in terms of relatively simple single-process models of learning and reasoning. However, more recently some authors have found that these biases do not appear in all dependent variables and have proposed dual-process models to explain these dissociations between variables. In the present paper we review the evidence for dissociations supporting dual-process models and we point out important shortcomings of this literature. Some dissociations seem to be difficult to replicate or poorly generalizable and others can be attributed to methodological artifacts. Overall, we conclude that support for dual-process models of biased contingency detection is scarce and inconclusive.

scholarly journals Relationships between individual differences in dual process and electrophysiological signatures of familiarity and recollection during retrieval

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halle R Dimsdale-Zucker ◽  
Karina Maciejewska ◽  
Kamin Kim ◽  
Andrew P. Yonelinas ◽  
Charan Ranganath
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection

Our everyday memories can vary in terms of accuracy and phenomenology. One theoretical account that can help understand how to categorize these differences delineates between memories that are remembered versus familiar. This difference largely hinges on whether the memories contain information about both an item itself as well as associated details (Remember) versus those that are devoid of these associated contextual details (Familiar). This distinction has been supported by computational modeling of behavior, studies in patients, and neuroimaging work including differences both in electrophysiological and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Yet, compelling convergent evidence directly linking individual differences in estimates of Recollection and Familiarity, the mathematical estimates of differences in Remember versus Familiar judgments, with their concomitant electrophysiological signatures is lacking. The present study measured memory responses to a recognition memory task while participants underwent simultaneous electrophysiological recordings of brain activity. Non-parametric cluster-based permutation analyses revealed selective associations between electrophysiological signatures ofFamiliarity and Recollection with their respective behavioral estimates. These results support the idea that Recollection and Familiarity are distinct phenomena and is the first to relate individual differences in both Recollection and Familiarity to electrophysiological signatures.

scholarly journals Functional specialization of the medial temporal lobes in human recognition memory: dissociating effects of hippocampal vs parahippocampal damage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios P. D. Argyropoulos ◽  
Carola Dell’Acqua ◽  
Emily Butler ◽  
Clare Loane ◽  
Adriana Roca-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Perirhinal Cortex ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Material Type ◽  
Brain Behavior

AbstractA central debate in the systems neuroscience of memory concerns whether different medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures support different processes or material-types in recognition memory. We tested a rare patient (Patient MH) with a perirhinal lesion that appeared to spare the hippocampus, using two recognition memory paradigms, each run separately with faces, scenes and words. Replicating reports of a previous case, Patient MH showed impaired familiarity and preserved recollection, relative to controls, with no evidence for any effect of material-type. Moreover, when compared with other amnesic patients, who had hippocampal lesions that appeared to spare the perirhinal cortex, Patient MH showed greater impairment on familiarity and less on recollection, forming a double dissociation. However, when replacing this traditional, binary categorization of patients with a parametric analysis that related memory performance to continuous measures of brain damage across all patients, we found a different pattern: while hippocampal damage predicted recollection, it was parahippocampal instead of perirhinal (or entorhinal) cortex volume that predicted familiarity. Furthermore, there was no evidence that these brain-behavior relationships were moderated by material-type, nor by laterality of damage. Thus, while our data provide the most compelling support yet for dual-process models of recognition memory, in which recollection and familiarity depend on different MTL structures, they suggest that familiarity depends more strongly upon the parahippocampal rather than perirhinal cortex. More generally, our study reinforces the need to go beyond single-case and group studies, and instead examine continuous brain-behavior relationships across larger patient groups.

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