scholarly journals A mouse model of necrotic biliary pancreatitis induced by combining gallstone formation and ligation of the biliary-pancreatic duct

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuobiao Yuan ◽  
Junyuan Zheng ◽  
Zhu Mei ◽  
Guoyong Hu ◽  
Yue Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Biliary Pancreatitis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lithogenic Diet

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present investigation is to develop a mouse model of biliary pancreatitis with characteristics of both gallstone formation and pancreatitis, mimicking the human etiology and pathphysiological character.DesignMale C57BL/6 mice were fed with chow, high fat/cholesterol and lithogenic diet for 12 weeks respectively. Laparotomy was done followed by ligation of pancreatic duct (PD), bile duct and pancreatic duct (BPD), or sham operation.ResultsLittle or no evidence of pancreatitis was observed in PD group of mice fed with chow or high fat/cholesterol diet, or in the tail of pancreata removed from animals fed with lithogenic diet. In the head of pancreas, pancreas damage was dramatically more severe in the lithogenic group. When bile reflux was blocked by BPD, pancreas damage markedly reduced to level of chow diet group. The lithogenic diet group also developed significantly more severe multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in the lung, kidney and liver. The severity of pancreatitis is associated with persistent high bile level of cholesterol and bile acid after obstruction of the biliary-pancreatic duct. Cholesterol crystal aggravated injury of pancreatic acinar cells caused by taurocholate. After obstruction of the biliary-pancreatic duct, in the lithogenic diet group, liver Abcg8 and Cyp7a1 was up-regulated, compared to the control group.ConclusionWe developed a mouse model of severe biliary pancreatitis in both local pancreas damage and MODS. This model provides a sound explanation for the Opie theory dilemma and a potential therapeutical direction in clinical practice as well.Summary statementA biliary pancreatitis has characters of both gallstone and pancreatitis, mimicking human etiology and pathophysiology, which gave a clear answer to the long time Opie theory dilemma.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Polyphenol Enriched Complex Plants Extract on Metabolic Dysfunctions Associated with Obesity and Related Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases in High Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Ahtesham Hussain ◽  
Jin Sook Cho ◽  
Jong-Seok Kim ◽  
Young Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Plants Extract

Background: Currently, obesity is a global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence and associated health risk. It is associated with various metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, certain forms of cancer, and non-alcoholic liver diseases (NAFLD). Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of polyphenol enriched herbal complex (Rubus crataegifolius/ellagic acid, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge/vitexin, chlorogenic acid, Cinnamomum cassiaa/cinnamic acid) on obesity and obesity induced NAFLD in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. Methods: Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6 mice using HFD. After 8 weeks, the mice were treated with HFD+ plants extract for 8 weeks. Body weight, food intake weekly, and blood sugar level were measured. After sacrifice, changes in the treated group’s liver weight, fat weight, serum biochemical parameters, hormone levels, and enzyme levels were measured. For histological analysis, tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Oil Red-O. Results: Our results showed that the herbal complex ameliorated body weight and liver weight gain, and decreased total body fat in HFD-fed animals. Post prandial blood glucose (PBG) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were lower in the herbal complex-treated group than in the HFD control group. Additionally, herbal formulation treatment significantly increased HDL levels in serum and decreased TC, TG, AST, ALT, deposition of fat droplets in the liver, and intima media thickness (IMT) in the aorta. Herbal complex increased serum adiponectin and decreased serum leptin. Herbal complex also increased carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT) activity and significantly decreased enzyme activity of beta-hydroxy beta methyl glutamyl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the herbal complex is an effective herbal formulation in the attenuation of obesity and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction including NAFLD in HFD-induced mouse model.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum ATG-K2 and ATG-K6 Ameliorates High-Fat with High-Fructose Induced Intestinal Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4444
Author(s):  
Miey Park ◽  
Eun-Jung Park ◽  
So-Hyeun Kim ◽  
Hae-Jeung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
High Fructose

Obesity has become a worldwide health problem, and many significant inflammatory markers have been associated with the risk of side effects of obesity and obesity-related diseases. After a normal diet or high-fat diet with high-fructose water (HFHF) for 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups according to body weight. Next, for 8 weeks, a normal diet, HFHF diet, and HFHF diet with L. plantarum strains ATG-K2 or ATG-K6 were administered orally. Compared to the control group, the HFHF diet group showed significantly increased visceral fat, epididymal fat, and liver weight. The mRNA and protein expression levels of FAS and SREBP-1c were higher in the HFHF diet group than in the HFHF diet with L. plantarum strains ATG-K2 and ATG-K6. The HFHF diet with L. plantarum strain ATG-K2 showed significantly decreased inflammatory cytokine expression in the serum and small intestine compared to the HFHF diet group. Furthermore, histological morphology showed minor cell injury, less severe infiltration, and longer villi height in the small intestine ileum of the HFHF diet with L. plantarum strains groups than in the HFHF diet group. These results suggest that L. plantarum strains K2 and K6 may help reduce intestinal inflammation and could be used as treatment alternatives for intestinal inflammatory reactions and obesity.

scholarly journals PO-043 The Effects of One-Time High Intensity Intermittent Training on Expression of LC3 Gene in Rats’ White Adipose Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qishu Zhou ◽  
Chunyu Liang ◽  
Yafei Li ◽  
Yi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Fat

Objective  To investigate the effect of one-time high-intensity intermittent exercise in white fat autophagy in obese rats and provide a theoretical basis of the molecular mechanism of exercise fat loss. Methods  Eighteen male 3-weeks-old rats were selected and divided into control group fed with normal diet (C), high-fat diet group fed with high fat diet (H). After 16 weeks, there were twelve obesity rats that divided into diet group (HS) and exercise group (HE). The other six control group rats of 19 weeks age were used as the standard (CS group). OE group did the high intensity intermittent exercise once. The CS group and the CS group were kept quietly. Three groups were taken subcutaneous white adipose tissue(S) and epididymal white adipose tissue (E) immediately after exercise. Mensurate the expression of LC3 gene in the tissue using the fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results 1. The expression of LC3 mRNA from white fat tissue was different to the tissues, which the expression of epididymal white adipose tissue of each group was higher than that in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (P <0.01). 2. Compared with CS group, the expression of epididymal white fat adipose tissue LC3 mRNA decreased (P<0.01) and the expression of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue increased from HS group (P <0.05). 3. Compared with OS group, the expression of epididymal white fat adipose tissue LC3 mRNA decreased (P<0.05) and the expression of subcutaneous white adipose tissue decreased from OS group. Conclusions The expression of LC3mRNA in epididymal white fat adipose tissue of rats was significantly higher than that of subcutaneous white fat. The changes of LC3mRNA expression of adipose tissue caused by high-fat diet have tissue differences. One-time high-intensity intermittent exercise can reduce the expression of LC3mRNA in fat tissue of obese rats. Its regulatory mechanism needs to be further studied.

scholarly journals Black, pinto and white beans lower hepatic lipids in hamsters fed high fat diets by excretion of bile acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila L. S. Alves ◽  
Jose De J Berrios ◽  
James Pan ◽  
Wallace H. Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of extruded black, pinto and white beans were examined in male Syrian hamsters fed high fat diets for 3 weeks. The efficiency and effectiveness of extruder processing to eliminate heat-labile antinutrients were also determined. Hamsters fed a high fat diet containing 40% extruded black beans gained the same amount of weight as animals on a low-fat chow diet (based on AIN-93G). Total plasma cholesterol of the hamsters fed bean flour- based diets tended to be lower, ranging between 298 and 356 mg/dL, compared to 365 mg/dL for the control group and total and free liver cholesterol was about 50 and 33% lower, respectively, in the livers (freeze-dried) of hamsters fed the black turtle bean (BB) and pinto bean (PB) diets. The nitrogen content of the feces from hamsters fed the PB and white bean (WB) diets were 2.6x higher than the control and the excretion of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) was higher in all legume fed hamsters The results show that extrusion efficiently and economically reduces anti-nutritive factors that inhibit the digestion and absorption of proteins and carbohydrates. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Acer okamotoanum and Isoquercitrin on Obesity and Amyloidosis in a Mouse Model

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Ji Hyun Kim ◽  
Sanghyun Lee ◽  
Eun Ju Cho
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Acer Okamotoanum ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
The Brain

Obesity increases risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). A high fat diet (HFD) can lead to amyloidosis and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, which are hallmarks of AD. In this study, protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Acer okamotoanum (EAO) and isoquercitrin were evaluated on obesity and amyloidosis in the HFD- and Aβ-induced mouse model. To induce obesity and AD by HFD and Aβ, mice were provided with HFD for 10 weeks and were intracerebroventricularly injected with Aβ25–35. For four weeks, 100 and 10 mg/kg/day of EAO and isoquercitrin, respectively, were administered orally. Administration of EAO and isoquercitrin significantly decreased body weight in HFD and Aβ-injected mice. Additionally, EAO- and isoquercitrin-administered groups attenuated abnormal adipokines release via a decrease in leptin and an increase in adiponectin levels compared with the control group. Furthermore, HFD and Aβ-injected mice had damaged liver tissues, but EAO- and isoquercitrin-administered groups attenuated liver damage. Moreover, administration of EAO and isoquercitrin groups down-regulated amyloidosis-related proteins in the brain such as β-secretase, presenilin (PS)-1 and PS-2 compared with HFD and Aβ-injected mice. This study indicated that EAO and isoquercitrin attenuated HFD and Aβ-induced obesity and amyloidosis, suggesting that they could be effective in preventing and treating both obesity and AD.

scholarly journals Taurine Stimulates Thermoregulatory Genes in Brown Fat Tissue and Muscle without an Influence on Inguinal White Fat Tissue in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Soo Kim ◽  
Hari Madhuri Doss ◽  
Hee-Jin Kim ◽  
Hyung-In Yang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Taurine Supplementation ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

This study was conducted to investigate if taurine supplementation stimulates the induction of thermogenic genes in fat tissues and muscles and decipher the mechanism by which taurine exerts its anti-obesity effect in a mildly obese ICR (CD-1®) mouse model. Three groups of ICR mice were fed a normal chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with 2% taurine in drinking water for 28 weeks. The expression profiles of various genes were analyzed by real time PCR in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and the quadriceps muscles of the experimental groups. Genes that are known to regulate thermogenesis like PGC-1α, UCP-1, Cox7a1, Cox8b, CIDE-A, and β1-, β2-, and β3-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) were found to be differentially expressed in the three tissues. These genes were expressed at a very low level in iWAT as compared to BAT and muscle. Whereas, HFD increased the expression of these genes. Taurine supplementation stimulated the expression of UCP-1, Cox7a1, and Cox8b in BAT and only Cox7a1 in muscle, while there was a decrease in iWAT. In contrast, fat deposition-related genes, monoamine oxidases (MAO)-A, and -B, and lipin-1, were decreased by taurine supplementation only in iWAT and not in BAT or muscle. In conclusion, the potential anti-obesity effects of taurine may be partly due to upregulated thermogenesis in BAT, energy metabolism of muscle, and downregulated fat deposition in iWAT.

scholarly journals Effect of febuxostat on biochemical parameters of hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet in rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Heikal ◽  
Ahmed A. Shaaban ◽  
Wagdi F. Elkashef ◽  
Tarek M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Febuxostat, a highly potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an antioxidant effect, inhibits elevated xanthine oxidase, leading to reduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, the main causes of vascular inflammation in hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to test the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of febuxostat and (or) stopping a high-fat diet on the biochemical parameters in rabbits with hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet. Male New Zealand rabbits were distributed into 3 groups: a normal control group fed standard chow for 12 weeks and 2 other groups fed a high-fat diet with 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks, and then shifted to standard chow for 4 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, one high-fat diet group received 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose, whereas the other group was treated with febuxostat (2 mg/kg per day p.o.). Febuxostat significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol) compared to the untreated group (high-fat diet group). Febuxostat also displayed a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity by decreasing serum levels of lipid peroxidation index, proinflammatory cytokines, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. Stopping the hyperlipidemic diet in the high-fat diet group did not show improvement. These findings indicate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of febuxostat that may be common mechanisms of the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of this drug. Stopping a hyperlipidemic diet without treatment is not sufficient once injury has occurred.

scholarly journals Effects of Greenshell Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Intake on Pathological Markers of Multiple Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6131
Author(s):  
Parkpoom Siriarchavatana ◽  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Matthew R. Miller ◽  
Hong (Sabrina) Tian ◽  
Frances M. Wolber
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Ovx Rats

The prevalence of metabolic osteoarthritis has been increasing worldwide, particularly among women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the New Zealand greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus; GSM) on osteoarthritis (OA) prevention in a rat model. One-hundred-and-eight female rats aged 12 weeks were divided into four test groups, containing 24 rats each, plus an additional control group. Each test group received one of the four experimental diets: normal control diet (ND), normal control diet supplemented with GSM (ND + GSM), high fat/high sugar diet (HFHS), or high fat/high sugar diet supplemented GSM (HFHS + GSM), for 36 weeks (end of the study). After 8 weeks on experimental diets, half of each group was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and the remaining half received a sham operation (ovaries left intact). The study evaluated body composition, bone mass, plasma cytokines, adipokines, HbA1c, CTX-II, and knee joint’s histopathology. HFHS diet and OVX significantly induced body weight gain and leptin production. OVX rats lost bone mineral density but increased adiponectin, HbA1C, and MCP-1. The OVX rats fed HFHS showed the highest Mankin scores. Importantly, inclusion of GSM reduced these pathological features. In conclusion, GSM might be beneficial in halting the progression of OA.

scholarly journals Reversal of Diet-Induced Obesity Increases Insulin Transport into Cerebrospinal Fluid and Restores Sensitivity to the Anorexic Action of Central Insulin in Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denovan P. Begg ◽  
Joram D. Mul ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Brianne M. Reedy ◽  
David A. D'Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Insulin Transport ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Diet-induced obesity (DIO) reduces the ability of centrally administered insulin to reduce feeding behavior and also reduces the transport of insulin from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS). The current study was designed to determine whether reversal of high-fat DIO restores the anorexic efficacy of central insulin and whether this is accompanied by restoration of the compromised insulin transport. Adult male Long-Evans rats were initially maintained on either a low-fat chow diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). After 22 weeks, half of the animals on the HFD were changed to the LFD, whereas the other half continued on the HFD for an additional 8 weeks, such that there were 3 groups: 1) a LFD control group (Con; n = 18), 2) a HFD-fed, DIO group (n = 17), and 3) a HFD to LFD, DIO-reversal group (DIO-rev; n = 18). The DIO reversal resulted in a significant reduction of body weight and epididymal fat weight relative to the DIO group. Acute central insulin administration (8 mU) reduced food intake and caused weight loss in Con and DIO-rev but not DIO rats. Fasting cerebrospinal fluid insulin was higher in DIO than Con animals. However, after a peripheral bolus injection of insulin, cerebrospinal fluid insulin increased in Con and DIO-rev rats but not in the DIO group. These data provide support for previous reports that DIO inhibits both the central effects of insulin and insulin's transport to the CNS. Importantly, DIO-rev restored sensitivity to the effects of central insulin on food intake and insulin transport into the CNS.

THE EFFECT OF A HIGH-FAT DIET ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND PLASMA INSULIN IN RATS

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BLÁZQUEZ ◽  
C. LOPEZ QUIJADA
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY The influence of the diet on the levels of insulin was studied in rats on a high-fat diet. Plasma and glucose insulin concentrations of a control group and of rats on a high-fat diet were compared, and so was the insulin concentration in the pancreas of the two groups. The mean plasma insulin concentration in the control group was 40 μ-u./ml. and that of insulin extracted from the pancreas was 2·5 μg./100 mg. tissue; plasma glucose was 156 mg./100 ml. The animals fed on a high-fat diet showed diabetic features. The mean plasma insulin level was 9 μ-u./ml., and plasma glucose increased to 210 mg./100 ml. The insulin concentration in the pancreas was not significantly different from that in the controls. In vitro the epididymal fat and the diaphragm of the high-fat-diet group were less sensitive to insulin than the same tissues in the control group.

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