scholarly journals A mannitol/sorbitol receptor stimulates dietary intake in Tribolium castaneum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Takada ◽  
Ryoichi Sato ◽  
Shingo Kikuta
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
External Signals ◽  
Chemosensory Organs ◽  
Coomassie Brilliant

AbstractPerception of chemical stimuli by insects aids in accepting or rejecting food. Gustatory receptors (Grs) regulating external signals in chemosensory organs have been found in many insects. Tribolium castaneum, a major pest of stored products, possesses over 200 Gr genes. An expanded repertoire of Gr genes appears to be required for diet recognition in generalist feeders; however, it remains unclear whether T. castaneum recognizes a suite of chemicals common to many products or whether it is attracted to specific chemicals, and whether its Grs are involved in its feeding behavior. It is difficult to determine the food preference of T. castaneum based on its dietary intake due to a lack of appropriate methodology. This study established a novel dietary intake estimation method using gypsum, designated the TribUTE (Tribolium Urges To Eat) assay. T. castaneum adults were fed gypsum block without added organic compounds. Sugar preference was determined by adding sweeteners and measuring the amount of gypsum in the excreta. Mannitol was the strongest attractant of T. castaneum dietary intake; in addition, TcGr20 was responsible for mannitol and sorbitol responses in Xenopus oocyte expression, but did not respond to any other non-volatile compounds tested. The EC50 values of TcGr20 for mannitol and sorbitol were 72.6 mM and 90.6 mM, respectively, suggesting that TcGr20 is a feasible receptor for the recognition of mannitol in lower concentrations. TcGr20 was expressed in the antennae, where the perception of mannitol would occur. We examined whether TcGr20 was involved in mannitol recognition using RNAi and the TribUTE assay. The amounts of excreta in TcGr20 dsRNA-injected adults decreased significantly despite the presence of mannitol, compared to that of the control adults. Taken together, our results suggest that T. castaneum adults recognized mannitol/sorbitol using TcGr20 receptors, thereby facilitating their dietary intake.AbbreviationORFopen reading frameRTreverse transcriptionRNAiRNA interferencedsRNAdouble strand RNAcRNAcapped RNAMBSmodified Barth’s salineCBBCoomassie brilliant blueGrgustatory receptor

Barriers to accurately measuring patients’ dietary intake in hospitals using the visual estimation method

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui Kawasaki ◽  
Yui Kojima ◽  
Rie Akamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Nurses ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Routine Work

Purpose Visual estimation, an easy-to-perform technique, is commonly used in hospitals to assess dietary intake in patients. The authors performed a qualitative study where the authors interviewed nurses and dietitians about their perceptions of barriers to accurately measuring patients’ dietary intake in hospitals using the visual estimation method. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Ten dietitians and ten clinical nurses responded to 30-minute individual interviews in Tokyo, Japan, in September 2014. Each interview was conducted using a common protocol of open-ended questions focusing on the challenges of the visual estimation method and barriers to accurately measuring patients’ dietary intake as part of their routine work. The tape-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed based on grounded theory. Findings Five main categories emerged: hospitals, meals, colleagues, raters, and patients. Various individual barriers such as skill, attitude, knowledge, and others that had not been considered in previous studies also emerged. External barriers that were out of the raters’ control, such as shortage of time, human resources, financial ability, and others, emerged from the “hospitals” category. Research limitations/implications Research participants were all females and many of them had less than ten years of experience. Practical implications In addition to standardizing the visual estimation process, medical staff need to overcome various other internal and external barriers to accurate measurements. Originality/value This is the first study to articulate some important barriers that influence reliability and validity when measuring patients’ dietary intake by visual estimation methods in typical clinical settings.

FOOD-FINDING BY POLYPHAGOUS ARCTIID CATERPILLARS LACKING ANTENNAL AND MAXILLARY CHEMORECEPTORS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Dethier
Keyword(s):  
Search Behavior ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Chemosensory Organs ◽  
Digitizing Tablet

AbstractPatterns of locomotion of arctiid caterpillars, Diacrisia virginica Fabr., deprived of all external chemosensory organs were recorded in a field where there was patchy distribution of two of the most favored food plants, Plantago major L. and Taraxacum officinale Walker, on a background of grass and mixed forbs. Each track traced in the field was retraced on a digitizing tablet from its point of origin in the center of a circle of 30 cm radius to the circumference. The length of the path was a measure of tortuosity. The patterns of paths followed by normal, antennectomized, maxillectomized, and antennectomized + maxillectomized larvae were compared. No differences in meander were found. The ability of larvae of each class to locate, discriminate among, and feed upon food plants was tested in field-plot tests and cafeteria tests. Different degrees of chemosensory deprivation did not affect ability to locate and begin feeding on plants but did impair ability to discriminate among species. Execution of normal patterns of meandering by chemosensorily deprived larvae and successful encounters with food plants support the hypothesis that food-related search behavior by this species of caterpillar is neither initiated nor steered by chemical stimuli provided by food plants.

scholarly journals A mannitol/sorbitol receptor stimulates dietary intake in Tribolium castaneum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0186420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Takada ◽  
Ryoichi Sato ◽  
Shingo Kikuta
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum

scholarly journals Oviposition and Development of Tribolium Castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on Different Types of Flour

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Alison R. Gerken ◽  
James F. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae ◽  
Oat Spelt

The commercial availability of low-gluten or gluten-free flours has been increasing due to consumer demands, which raises new challenges for the management of stored product insects since little is known about the susceptibility of these flours to infestation. Here we measured oviposition and development of Tribolium castaneum, the red flour beetle, a major pest of wheat and rice mills, on 18 different commercially available flours (almond, amaranth, barley, buckwheat, cassava, coconut, corn, garbanzo, millet, oat, potato, quinoa, rice, rye, sorghum, spelt, teff, and wheat) to assess the level of risk. The average number of eggs laid was highest for teff flour, with wheat, rice, buckwheat, sorghum, barley, rye, and spelt flour also having high oviposition. The lowest oviposition was for potato, quinoa, amaranth and cassava. Holding the eggs laid in these flours and evaluating the ability to develop to the adult stage demonstrated that the average number of adult progeny was highest for teff and wheat, followed by buckwheat, rye, oat, spelt, and millet. In an experiment where single eggs were placed directly in flour, the highest percentage development was in barley, buckwheat, sorghum, spelt, teff, and wheat. Time for 50% of single eggs to develop to adults was quickest for sorghum, spelt, teff, and wheat, while sorghum, buckwheat, corn, spelt, and barley had the quickest development of 90% of eggs to reach adults. There was substantial variation among the different flours which indicates variation in risk of insect infestation. As consumer interest in these flours continues to grow and these alternative flours become more prevalent in food facilities, understanding what diets insects successfully infest is critical to developing management tools.

scholarly journals Potential use of Essential Oils from Cameroonian Plants for the Control of the Red Flour Weevil (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 01-15
Author(s):  
Habiba Kouninki ◽  
◽  
L.S.T Ngamo ◽  
T Hance ◽  
M.B Ngassoum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Animal feed is food constituted for breeding stock animals because it possesses vital nutrients for animal growth. Animal feed or their ingredients as constituted by cereal flour and are stored after formulation for ulterior breeds. These provender or cereal grains used are commonly attacked by storage insects principally of the genus Tribolium . Firstly, contact and ingestion test by two essential oils of aromatics plants Ocimum gratissimum L (Lamiaceae) and Xylopia aethiopica Dunal A. Rich (Annonaceae) were done firstly on adults and aged larvae of Tribolium castaneun . Secondly, the contact and inhalation test by three essential oils of the aromatic plants Annona senegalensis L. (Annonaceae), Lippia rugosa L. (Lamiaceae) and Hyptis spicigera Lam. (Verbenaceae) were done for the control larvae, young and aged adults of the red flour weevil Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) very resistant pest to chemical pesticides. Essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica have no contact and ingestion effect on adults of Tribolium castaneum ; their insecticidal activity is characterized mostly by their inhibition of the nymphosis of aged larvae of the same species. On the other hand contact and inhalation tests with crude essential oils of Lippia rugosa and Hyptis spicigera are the most promising because of their efficacy on the other life stages. They are more efficient, with 100% mortality, on larvae at early stages and young adults. On resistant aged larvae and adults, the insecticidal efficacy decreases but remains significant. Since this insect, Tribolium castaneum is the major pest of stored flours and provender, the incorporation of these promising essential oils in flours or in storage formulations of these foods for animals could contribute to their better cereal food conservation. The important and indispensable element of cereals for storage, growth and reproduction animal feed could be preserved from insects attack by use of natural product and may contribute to diminish toxicity of feeder, environmental pollution and the resistance phenomenon of insects.

Regulatory functions of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase in the chitin biosynthesis pathway in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) revealed by RNA interference

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.W. Chen ◽  
S. Jin ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
Q.D. Shen ◽  
P. Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Molting Process ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a very effective technique for studying gene function and may be an efficient method for controlling pests. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), which plays a key role in the synthesis of trehalose and insect development, was cloned in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (TcTPS) and the putative functions were studied using RNAi via the injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) corresponding to conserved TPS and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase domains. Expression analyses show that TcTPS is expressed higher in the fat body, while quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results show that the expression of four trehalase isoforms was significantly suppressed by dsTPS injection. Additionally, the expression of six chitin synthesis-related genes, such as hexokinase 2 and glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase, was suppressed at 48 and 72 h post-dsTPS-1 and dsTPS-2 RNA injection, which were two dsTPS fragments that had been designed for two different locations in TcTPS open reading frame, and that trehalose content and trehalase 1 activity decreased significantly at 72 h post-dsRNA injection. Furthermore, T. castaneum injected with dsTPS-1 and dsTPS-2 RNA displayed significantly lower levels of chitin and could not complete the molting process from larvae to pupae, revealing abnormal molting phenotypes. These results demonstrate that silencing TPS gene leads to molting deformities and high mortality rates via regulation of gene expression in the chitin biosynthetic pathway, and may be a promising approach for pest control in the future.

scholarly journals Changes in ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ for high fat, high sugar foods and impact on 24hr dietary intake following gastric bypass

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsyn Redpath ◽  
Ruth Price ◽  
Graham Finlayson ◽  
Adele Boyd ◽  
Fathimath Naseer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Post Surgery

AbstractGastric bypass surgery (GB) is a successful treatment for obesity(1). Following the procedure, patients report changes in preference away from palatable high fat (HF), high sugar (HS) foods that may contribute to weight loss(2). The aim of this work is to examine the relationship between changes in reported ‘liking’ (hedonic) and ‘wanting’(motivation) for HF, HS food and 24hr dietary intake post-GB. 15 GB patients (BMI: 41.7 ± 11.54kg/m2, 73% female) and 15 time-matched controls (BMI: 25.08 ± 4.37 kg/m2, 73% female) were recruited as part of a larger residential study and observed for 3 days at each of 3 time points; 1-month pre-surgery, 3-months post-surgery and 1 yr post-surgery. Covert, objective assessment of 24hr dietary intake was on day 2 of each visit using weighed food records. Participants had ad-libitum access to foods pre-determined by food preference questionnaires and proportionally represented by 6 macronutrient groups (HF/HS, HF/high CHO, HF/high protein, low fat/HS, low fat/high CHO, low fat/high protein). ‘Liking’ and ‘wanting’ was measured using the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ)(3), a validated measure that uses visual analogue scales to determine explicit liking and wanting for food. Implicit preferences are determined using response and reaction time in a forced-choice task. GB patients significantly reduced their overall energy intake (EI) from baseline to three months (-6.9 ± 8.1MJ/d p = > 0.001) and 1 yr post-surgery (-5.3 ± 7.5MJ/d, p = 0.01) compared to controls. At 3mths post-GB, there was no significant relationship between changes in preference for HS food and changes in %EI from sugar (R2 = 0.97, F(3,26) = 0.94 p = 0.44) or from HS foods (R2 = 0.87, F(3,26) = 0.83, p = 0.49). Changes in preferences for HF food at 3mths post-surgery were not significantly related to %EI from fat (R2 = 0.16, F(3,26) = 1.66, p = 0.2) or HF food (R2 = 0.18, F(3,26) = 0.16, p = 0.93). These associations remained at 1 yr post-surgery. In conclusion, previous observations based on self-reported food intake have found changes in preference for HF, HS food that may contribute to weight loss in GB. In contrast, our results show no significant relationship between changes in preference and changes in dietary intake post-surgery. Further research using direct, objective measures of dietary intake is needed to elucidate further changes in dietary intake post-GB.

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