scholarly journals Inter-organ regulation of Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation by a hybrid organ boundary zone

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Sawyer ◽  
Erez Cohen ◽  
Donald T. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Hybrid Cells ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Stem Cell Division ◽  
Organ Boundaries

SUMMARY STATEMENTGene expression at the Drosophila midgut-hindgut boundary is a hybrid of both organs. Hybrid cells repress stem cell division, but boundary injury activates stem cell division through inter-organ JAK-STAT signaling.ABSTRACTThe molecular identities and regulation of cells at inter-organ boundaries are often unclear, despite the increasingly appreciated role of organ boundaries in disease. Using Drosophila as a model, here we show that a specific population of adult midgut organ boundary intestinal stem cells (OB-ISCs) is regulated by the neighboring hindgut, a developmentally distinct organ. This distinct OB-ISCs control is due to proximity to a specialized transition zone between the endodermal midgut and ectodermal hindgut that shares molecular signatures of both organs, which we term the hybrid zone (HZ). During homeostasis, proximity to the HZ restrains OB-ISC proliferation. However, injury to the adult HZ/hindgut drives up-regulation of upaired-3 cytokine and OB-ISC hyperplasia. If HZ disruption is severe, hyperplastic OB-ISCs expand across the inter-organ boundary. Our data suggest that inter-organ signaling plays an important role in controlling OB-ISCs in homeostasis and injury repair, which is likely critical in prevention of disease.

The role of (stem) cell division in leaf growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. S175
Author(s):  
Gerrit Beemster ◽  
Stijn Dhondt ◽  
Frederik Coppens ◽  
Roeland Merks ◽  
Dirk Inze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Cell Division

scholarly journals Characterizing the role of Eg5 kinesin on mediating neural stem cell division in the developing zebrafish neural tube

2011 ◽  
Vol 356 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Johnson ◽  
Chelsea Moriarty ◽  
Alissa Ortman ◽  
Rebecca Bernardos ◽  
Kim Chi Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Stem Cell Division

scholarly journals Mono-Association with Lactobacillus plantarum Disrupts Intestinal Homeostasis in adult Drosophila

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fast ◽  
Aashna Duggal ◽  
Edan Foley
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Pathology ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Stem Cell Division ◽  
Adult Drosophila

ABSTRACTThe microbiome of Drosophila promotes intestinal stem cell division through evolutionarily conserved biochemical pathways. As such, axenic flies have lower rates of gut stem cell division than age-matched wild type counterparts. Additionally, flies with a full consortium of symbiotic bacteria are shorter lived than those maintained in the absence of a microbiome. However, we do not know if stem cell division is essential for symbiont-dependent regulation of adult fly lifespan. To determine if individual symbionts cause aging-dependent death in Drosophila, we examined the impacts of common symbionts on host longevity. In this study, we found that mono-association of adult Drosophila with Lactobacillus plantarum, a widely reported fly symbiont, and member of the probiotic Lactobacillus genus, curtails adult longevity relative to germ-free counterparts. However, the effects of plantarum on lifespan were independent of intestinal aging. Instead, we found that association with plantarum causes an extensive intestinal pathology within the host, characterized by loss of intestinal stem cells, impaired epithelial renewal, and a gradual erosion of epithelial integrity. Our study uncovers an unknown aspect of Lactobacillus plantarum-Drosophila interactions, and establishes a simple model to characterize symbiont-dependent disruption of intestinal homeostasis.

The Significant Role of Centrosomes in Stem Cell Division and Differentiation

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Schatten ◽  
Qing-Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Stem Cell Division

AbstractThe role of centrosomes in stem cell division has recently been highlighted and further ascribes important functions to centrosomes in stem cell maintenance, cellular differentiation, and development. Advanced cell and molecular studies coupled with immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and live cell imaging of specific centrosome proteins have contributed greatly to our knowledge of centrosome composition, structure, and dynamics and have uncovered new insights into mechanisms of centrosome functions in asymmetric cell division. The establishment of asymmetry and differential positioning of mother and daughter centrosomes during stem cell mitosis is important for allowing one cell to maintain stem cell characteristics while the sibling cell undergoes differentiation. Another key role for centrosomes has been revealed in primary cilia of embryonic stem cells that play significant roles in cellular signaling and are therefore critically important for stem cell decisions. Studies of signaling through primary cilia may contribute important information that may aid in the production of specific cells that are suitable for tissue repair and regeneration in the field of regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Novel insights into mammalian embryonic neural stem cell division: focus on microtubules

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 4302-4306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Mora-Bermúdez ◽  
Wieland B. Huttner
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Spindle Orientation ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Spindle Microtubules ◽  
Stem Cell Division ◽  
Embryonic Neural Stem Cell

During stem cell divisions, mitotic microtubules do more than just segregate the chromosomes. They also determine whether a cell divides virtually symmetrically or asymmetrically by establishing spindle orientation and the plane of cell division. This can be decisive for the fate of the stem cell progeny. Spindle defects have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, yet the role of spindle orientation for mammalian neurogenesis has remained controversial. Here we explore recent advances in understanding how the microtubule cytoskeleton influences mammalian neural stem cell division. Our focus is primarily on the role of spindle microtubules in the development of the cerebral cortex. We also highlight unique characteristics in the architecture and dynamics of cortical stem cells that are tightly linked to their mode of division. These features contribute to setting these cells apart as mitotic “rule breakers,” control how asymmetric a division is, and, we argue, are sufficient to determine the fate of the neural stem cell progeny in mammals.

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