scholarly journals Mono-Association with Lactobacillus plantarum Disrupts Intestinal Homeostasis in adult Drosophila

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fast ◽  
Aashna Duggal ◽  
Edan Foley
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Pathology ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Stem Cell Division ◽  
Adult Drosophila

ABSTRACTThe microbiome of Drosophila promotes intestinal stem cell division through evolutionarily conserved biochemical pathways. As such, axenic flies have lower rates of gut stem cell division than age-matched wild type counterparts. Additionally, flies with a full consortium of symbiotic bacteria are shorter lived than those maintained in the absence of a microbiome. However, we do not know if stem cell division is essential for symbiont-dependent regulation of adult fly lifespan. To determine if individual symbionts cause aging-dependent death in Drosophila, we examined the impacts of common symbionts on host longevity. In this study, we found that mono-association of adult Drosophila with Lactobacillus plantarum, a widely reported fly symbiont, and member of the probiotic Lactobacillus genus, curtails adult longevity relative to germ-free counterparts. However, the effects of plantarum on lifespan were independent of intestinal aging. Instead, we found that association with plantarum causes an extensive intestinal pathology within the host, characterized by loss of intestinal stem cells, impaired epithelial renewal, and a gradual erosion of epithelial integrity. Our study uncovers an unknown aspect of Lactobacillus plantarum-Drosophila interactions, and establishes a simple model to characterize symbiont-dependent disruption of intestinal homeostasis.

scholarly journals Monoassociation withLactobacillus plantarumDisrupts Intestinal Homeostasis in AdultDrosophila melanogaster

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fast ◽  
Aashna Duggal ◽  
Edan Foley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Divisions

ABSTRACTAdultDrosophila melanogasterraised in the absence of symbiotic bacteria have fewer intestinal stem cell divisions and a longer life span than their conventionally reared counterparts. However, we do not know if increased stem cell divisions are essential for symbiont-dependent regulation of longevity. To determine if individual symbionts cause aging-dependent death inDrosophila, we examined the impacts of common symbionts on host longevity. We found that monoassociation of adultDrosophilawithLactobacillus plantarum, a widely reported fly symbiont and member of the probioticLactobacillusgenus, curtails adult longevity relative to germfree counterparts. The effects ofLactobacillus plantarumon life span were independent of intestinal aging. Instead, we found that association withLactobacillus plantarumcauses an extensive intestinal pathology within the host, characterized by loss of stem cells, impaired epithelial renewal, and a gradual erosion of epithelial ultrastructure. Our study uncovers an unknown aspect ofLactobacillus plantarum-Drosophilainteractions and establishes a simple model to characterize symbiont-dependent disruption of intestinal homeostasis.IMPORTANCEUnder homeostatic conditions, gut bacteria provide molecular signals that support the organization and function of the host intestine. Sudden shifts in the composition or distribution of gut bacterial communities impact host receipt of bacterial cues and disrupt tightly regulated homeostatic networks. We used theDrosophila melanogastermodel to determine the effects of prominent fly symbionts on host longevity and intestinal homeostasis. We found that monoassociation withLactobacillus plantarumleads to a loss of intestinal progenitor cells, impaired epithelial renewal, and disruption of gut architecture as flies age. These observations uncover a novel phenotype caused by monoassociation of a germfree host with a common symbiont and establish a simple model to characterize symbiont-dependent loss of intestinal homeostasis.

scholarly journals Inter-organ regulation of Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation by a hybrid organ boundary zone

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Sawyer ◽  
Erez Cohen ◽  
Donald T. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Hybrid Cells ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
Stem Cell Division ◽  
Organ Boundaries

SUMMARY STATEMENTGene expression at the Drosophila midgut-hindgut boundary is a hybrid of both organs. Hybrid cells repress stem cell division, but boundary injury activates stem cell division through inter-organ JAK-STAT signaling.ABSTRACTThe molecular identities and regulation of cells at inter-organ boundaries are often unclear, despite the increasingly appreciated role of organ boundaries in disease. Using Drosophila as a model, here we show that a specific population of adult midgut organ boundary intestinal stem cells (OB-ISCs) is regulated by the neighboring hindgut, a developmentally distinct organ. This distinct OB-ISCs control is due to proximity to a specialized transition zone between the endodermal midgut and ectodermal hindgut that shares molecular signatures of both organs, which we term the hybrid zone (HZ). During homeostasis, proximity to the HZ restrains OB-ISC proliferation. However, injury to the adult HZ/hindgut drives up-regulation of upaired-3 cytokine and OB-ISC hyperplasia. If HZ disruption is severe, hyperplastic OB-ISCs expand across the inter-organ boundary. Our data suggest that inter-organ signaling plays an important role in controlling OB-ISCs in homeostasis and injury repair, which is likely critical in prevention of disease.

scholarly journals Regulating the balance between symmetric and asymmetric stem cell division in the developing brain

Fly ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Egger ◽  
Katrina S. Gold ◽  
Andrea H. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Stem Cell Division

scholarly journals Multilayered gene control drives timely exit from the stem cell state in uncommitted progenitors during Drosophila asymmetric neural stem cell division

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 1550-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Komori ◽  
Krista L. Golden ◽  
Taeko Kobayashi ◽  
Ryoichiro Kageyama ◽  
Cheng-Yu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Cell State ◽  
Stem Cell Division ◽  
Stem Cell State
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