scholarly journals Metabolomics and biochemical approaches link salicylic acid biosynthesis to cyanogenesis in peach plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diaz-Vivancos Pedro ◽  
Bernal-Vicente Agustina ◽  
Cantabella Daniel ◽  
Petri Cesar ◽  
Hernández José Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

HighlightMandelonitrile, and hence cyanogenic glycosides turnover, is involved in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis in peach plants under control and stress conditions. A third pathway for SA synthesis in peach is proposed.AbstractDespite the long-established importance of salicylic acid (SA) in plant stress responses and other biological processes, its biosynthetic pathway has not been fully characterized. The proposed SA synthesis originates from chorismate by two distinct pathways: isochorismate and penhylalanine (Phe) ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathways. Cyanogenesis is the process related to the release of hydrogen cyanide from endogenous cyanogenic glycosides (CNglcs), and it has been linked to plant plasticity improvement. To date, however, no relationship has been suggested between both pathways. In this work, by metabolomics and biochemical approaches (including [13C]-labelled compounds), we provide evidences showing that CNglcs turnover is involved, at least in part, in SA biosynthesis in peach plants under control and stress conditions.The main CNglcs in peach are prunasin and amygdalin, with mandelonitrile (MD), synthesized from Phe, controlling their turnover. In peach plants MD is at the hub of the suggested new SA biosynthetic pathway and CNglcs turnover, regulating both the amygdalin and SA biosynthesis. MD-treated peach plants displayed increased SA levels via benzoic acid (SA precursor). In addition, MD also provides partial protection against Plum pox virus infection in peach seedlings. Thus, we proposed a third pathway, alternative to the PAL pathway, for SA synthesis in peach plants.

scholarly journals The effect of abiotic and biotic stress on the salicylic acid biosynthetic pathway from mandelonitrile in peach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernal-Vicente Agustina ◽  
Petri Cesar ◽  
Hernández José Antonio ◽  
Diaz-Vivancos Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stress

HighlightWe show that the recently suggested third pathway for SA biosynthesis from mandelonitrile in peach is also functional under both abiotic and biotic stress conditions.AbstractSalicylic acid (SA) plays a central role in plant responses to environmental stresses via the SA-mediated regulation of many metabolic and molecular processes. In a recent study, we suggested a third pathway for SA biosynthesis from mandelonitrile (MD) in peach plants. This pathway is alternative to the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathway and links SA biosynthesis and cyanogenesis. In the present work, we show that this new SA biosynthetic pathway is also functional under abiotic (salt) and biotic (Plum pox virus infection) stress conditions, although the contribution of this pathway to the SA pool does not seem to be important under such conditions. Treating peach plants with MD not only affected the SA content, but it also had a pleiotropic effect on abscisic acid and jasmonic acid levels, two well-known stress related hormones, as well as on the H2O2-related antioxidant activities. Furthermore, MD improved plant performance under the stressful conditions, probably via the activation of different signaling pathways. We have thus proven that SA is not limited to biotic stress responses, but that it also plays a role in the response to abiotic stress in peach, although the physiological functions of this new SA biosynthetic pathway from MD remain to be elucidated.AbbreviationsABAabcisic acidAPXascorbate peroxidaseBAbenzoic acidCATcatalaseCNglcscyanogenic glycosidesMDmandelonitrileNPR1non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genePALphenylalanine ammonia-lyasePhephenylalaninePOXperoxidasePPVPlum pox virusSAsalicylic acidSODsuperoxide dismutaseTRXthioredoxins

scholarly journals Combating stress: the interplay between hormone signaling and autophagy in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1723-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yi Liao ◽  
Diane C Bassham
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Energy Sensor ◽  
Sensor Kinases ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Components

Abstract Autophagy is a conserved recycling process in which cellular components are delivered to and degraded in the vacuole/lysosome for reuse. In plants, it assists in responding to dynamic environmental conditions and maintaining metabolite homeostasis under normal or stress conditions. Under stress, autophagy is activated to remove damaged components and to recycle nutrients for survival, and the energy sensor kinases target of rapamycin (TOR) and SNF-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) are key to this activation. Here, we discuss accumulating evidence that hormone signaling plays critical roles in regulating autophagy and plant stress responses, although the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are often not clear. Several hormones have been shown to regulate TOR activity during stress, in turn controlling autophagy. Hormone signaling can also regulate autophagy gene expression, while, reciprocally, autophagy can regulate hormone synthesis and signaling pathways. We highlight how the interplay between major energy sensors, plant hormones, and autophagy under abiotic and biotic stress conditions can assist in plant stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Characterization and expression analysis of growth regulating factor (GRF) family genes in cucumber

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Lingli Ge ◽  
Guanghua Li ◽  
Lunwei Jiang ◽  
Yingui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Conserved Domains ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Profiling Analysis ◽  
Different Tissues

The growth regulating factor (GRF) family is a conserved class of transcription factors involved in various biological processes in plants. However, there have been only a few studies of the GRF family genes in cucumber, Cucumis sativus (Cs). In this study, we identified and characterized 8 CsGRF genes in cucumber. Two highly conserved domains, QLQ and WRC, were identified to be present in all CsGRF proteins. In addition, three less conserved domains (FFD, TQL, and GGPL) were also detected in some CsGRF members. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the GRF genes from cucumber, Arabidopsis, tomato, rice and maize could be classified into 10 groups, and CsGRFs were clustered closer with the GRF genes from dicots (Arabidopsis and tomato) than with those from monocots (rice and maize). Promoter analysis revealed that the CsGRF genes were involved in cucumber growth and development as well as in responses to various hormones and stresses. Transcriptome data showed that the CsGRF genes have distinct expression patterns in different tissues, especially in ovaries and leaves. Expression profiling analysis indicated that all CsGRF genes were responsive to salt and drought stress treatments. These results demonstrate that the cucumber GRF gene family may function in organ development and plant stress responses.

scholarly journals Relationship of Melatonin and Salicylic Acid in Biotic/Abiotic Plant Stress Responses

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Marino Arnao
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Action Model ◽  
Relationship Of

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was discovered in plants in 1995, while salicylic acid was the name given to the active ingredient of willow in 1838. From a physiological point of view, these two molecules present in plants have never been compared, even though they have a great number of similarities, as we shall see in this work. Both molecules have biosynthesis pathways that share a common precursor and both play a relevant role in the physiology of plants, especially in aspects related to biotic and abiotic stress. They have also been described as biostimulants of photosynthetic processes and productivity enhancers in agricultural crops. We review the coincident aspects of both molecules, and propose an action model, by which the relationship between these molecules and other agents and plant hormones can be studied.

scholarly journals PncStress: a manually curated database of experimentally validated stress-responsive non-coding RNAs in plants

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Wu ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Dahui Hu ◽  
Yincong Zhou ◽  
Yanshi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Network Visualization ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are recognized as key regulatory molecules in many biological processes. Accumulating evidence indicates that ncRNA-related mechanisms play important roles in plant stress responses. Although abundant plant stress-responsive ncRNAs have been identified, these experimentally validated results have not been gathered into a single public domain archive. Therefore, we established PncStress by curating experimentally validated stress-responsive ncRNAs in plants, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. The current version of PncStress contains 4227 entries from 114 plants covering 48 biotic and 91 abiotic stresses. For each entry, PncStress has biological information and network visualization. Serving as a manually curated database, PncStress will become a valuable resource in support of plant stress response research.

Isochorismate-derived biosynthesis of the plant stress hormone salicylic acid

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6452) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Rekhter ◽  
Daniel Lüdke ◽  
Yuli Ding ◽  
Kirstin Feussner ◽  
Krzysztof Zienkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Branch Point ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Cellular Compartment ◽  
Minimal Requirement ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) controls biotic and abiotic plant stress responses. Plastid-produced chorismate is a branch-point metabolite for SA biosynthesis. Most pathogen-induced SA derives from isochorismate, which is generated from chorismate by the catalytic activity of ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1. Here, we ask how and in which cellular compartment isochorismate is converted to SA. We show that in Arabidopsis, the pathway downstream of isochorismate requires only two additional proteins: ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY5, which exports isochorismate from the plastid to the cytosol, and the cytosolic amidotransferase avrPphB SUSCEPTIBLE3 (PBS3). PBS3 catalyzes the conjugation of glutamate to isochorismate to produce isochorismate-9-glutamate, which spontaneously decomposes into SA and 2-hydroxy-acryloyl-N-glutamate. The minimal requirement of three compartmentalized proteins controlling unidirectional forward flux may protect the pathway against evolutionary forces and pathogen perturbations.

scholarly journals Get Together: The Interaction between Melatonin and Salicylic Acid as a Strategy to Improve Plant Stress Tolerance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1486
Author(s):  
Alfonso Albacete
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Action Model

Both melatonin and salicylic acid (SA) have been demonstrated to play multiple functions in plant physiological processes and biotic and abiotic stress responses. So far, these regulatory molecules have been separately studied despite sharing a common biosynthetic precursor and their similar physiological actions and stress regulation signals. The review published in Agronomy by Hernández-Ruiz and Arnao entitled “Relationship of melatonin and salicylic acid in biotic/abiotic stress responses” highlights the coincidences and similarities of both regulatory molecules via a thorough literature search and proposes an action model for their interaction in plant stress responses. Despite the undeniable interest and potential impact of this view, it has been focused only on coincident regulatory aspects of SA and melatonin, and the antioxidant-mediated model of interaction that has been proposed is rather speculative and needs to be mechanistically demonstrated. Nevertheless, the mentioned review leads to future research on the melatonin-SA crosstalk to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, which is of utmost importance to ensure food production in the actual age of pandemics and for the upcoming climate crisis scenario.

scholarly journals Versatile Physiological Functions of Plant GSK3-Like Kinases

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Juan Mao ◽  
Wenxin Li ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jianming Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Diverse Plant

The plant glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinases are highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinases that are grouped into four subfamilies. Similar to their mammalian homologs, these kinases are constitutively active under normal growth conditions but become inactivated in response to diverse developmental and environmental signals. Since their initial discoveries in the early 1990s, many biochemical and genetic studies were performed to investigate their physiological functions in various plant species. These studies have demonstrated that the plant GSK3-like kinases are multifunctional kinases involved not only in a wide variety of plant growth and developmental processes but also in diverse plant stress responses. Here we summarize our current understanding of the versatile physiological functions of the plant GSK3-like kinases along with their confirmed and potential substrates.

scholarly journals OsNAC45 is Involved in ABA Response and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Yan Long ◽  
Jingjing Huang ◽  
Jixing Xia
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Nac Transcription Factors ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

Abstract Background Salt stress threatens crop yields all over the world. Many NAC transcription factors have been reported to be involved in different abiotic stress responses, but it remains unclear how loss of these transcription factors alters the transcriptomes of plants. Previous reports have demonstrated that overexpression of OsNAC45 enhances salt and drought tolerance in rice, and that OsNAC45 may regulate the expression of two specific genes, OsPM1 and OsLEA3–1. Results Here, we found that ABA repressed, and NaCl promoted, the expression of OsNAC45 in roots. Immunostaining showed that OsNAC45 was localized in all root cells and was mainly expressed in the stele. Loss of OsNAC45 decreased the sensitivity of rice plants to ABA and over-expressing this gene had the opposite effect, which demonstrated that OsNAC45 played an important role during ABA signal responses. Knockout of OsNAC45 also resulted in more ROS accumulation in roots and increased sensitivity of rice to salt stress. Transcriptome sequencing assay found that thousands of genes were differently expressed in OsNAC45-knockout plants. Most of the down-regulated genes participated in plant stress responses. Quantitative real time RT-PCR suggested that seven genes may be regulated by OsNAC45 including OsCYP89G1, OsDREB1F, OsEREBP2, OsERF104, OsPM1, OsSAMDC2, and OsSIK1. Conclusions These results indicate that OsNAC45 plays vital roles in ABA signal responses and salt tolerance in rice. Further characterization of this gene may help us understand ABA signal pathway and breed rice plants that are more tolerant to salt stress.

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