scholarly journals Unaware processing of tools in the neural system for object-directed action representation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tettamanti ◽  
Francesca Conca ◽  
Andrea Falini ◽  
Daniela Perani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Action Representation ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Representation System ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe hypothesis that the brain constitutively encodes observed manipulable objects for the actions they afford is still debated. Yet, crucial supporting evidence demonstrating that such visuo-motor embodiment occurs even without awareness has hitherto not been provided. In this fMRI study, we reliably instantiated unaware visual perception conditions by means of Continuous Flash Suppression, and found consistent activation in the target visuo-motor, action representation system, specifically for manipulable versus non-manipulable objects

scholarly journals Unaware Processing of Tools in the Neural System for Object-Directed Action Representation

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (44) ◽  
pp. 10712-10724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tettamanti ◽  
Francesca Conca ◽  
Andrea Falini ◽  
Daniela Perani
Keyword(s):  
Neural System ◽  
Action Representation ◽  
Directed Action

scholarly journals Seeing What You Feel: Affect Drives Visual Perception of Structurally Neutral Faces

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika H. Siegel ◽  
Jolie B. Wormwood ◽  
Karen S. Quigley ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
External World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Interocular Suppression ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
Suppression Technique ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
The Brain

Affective realism, the phenomenon whereby affect is integrated into an individual’s experience of the world, is a normal consequence of how the brain processes sensory information from the external world in the context of sensations from the body. In the present investigation, we provided compelling empirical evidence that affective realism involves changes in visual perception (i.e., affect changes how participants see neutral stimuli). In two studies, we used an interocular suppression technique, continuous flash suppression, to present affective images outside of participants’ conscious awareness. We demonstrated that seen neutral faces are perceived as more smiling when paired with unseen affectively positive stimuli. Study 2 also demonstrated that seen neutral faces are perceived as more scowling when paired with unseen affectively negative stimuli. These findings have implications for real-world situations and challenge beliefs that affect is a distinct psychological phenomenon that can be separated from cognition and perception.

scholarly journals The evolution of hierarchical structure building capacity for language and music: a bottom-up perspective

Primates ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Asano
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Language And Music ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
Brain Architecture ◽  
The Brain

AbstractA central property of human language is its hierarchical structure. Humans can flexibly combine elements to build a hierarchical structure expressing rich semantics. A hierarchical structure is also considered as playing a key role in many other human cognitive domains. In music, auditory-motor events are combined into hierarchical pitch and/or rhythm structure expressing affect. How did such a hierarchical structure building capacity evolve? This paper investigates this question from a bottom-up perspective based on a set of action-related components as a shared basis underlying cognitive capacities of nonhuman primates and humans. Especially, I argue that the evolution of hierarchical structure building capacity for language and music is tractable for comparative evolutionary study once we focus on the gradual elaboration of shared brain architecture: the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits for hierarchical control of goal-directed action and the dorsal pathways for hierarchical internal models. I suggest that this gradual elaboration of the action-related brain architecture in the context of vocal control and tool-making went hand in hand with amplification of working memory, and made the brain ready for hierarchical structure building in language and music.

How does the brain process time? insights from an event-related fMRI study

NeuroImage ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. S49
Author(s):  
D.L. Harrington ◽  
L.A. Mead ◽  
A.R. Mayer ◽  
K.Y. Haaland ◽  
S.M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Process Time ◽  
Brain Process ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Neurodegeneration in friedreich's ataxia is associated with a mixed activation pattern of the brain. A fMRI study

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1780-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ginestroni ◽  
Stefano Diciotti ◽  
Paolo Cecchi ◽  
Ilaria Pesaresi ◽  
Carlo Tessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽  
Friedreich's Ataxia ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Quantitative representations of an exaggerated anxiety response in the brain of female spider phobics-a parametric fMRI study

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3025-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zilverstand ◽  
Bettina Sorger ◽  
Anita Kaemingk ◽  
Rainer Goebel
Keyword(s):  
Fmri Study ◽  
Anxiety Response ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Principles of Visual Perception Within The Context of Visual Illusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Visual Illusions ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Phenomenological Experience ◽  
Background Segmentation ◽  
Visual Phenomena ◽  
And Function ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Brain

In the transformation of the low-level, ambiguous retinal signal into a vivid and meaningful phenomenological experience, certain aspects are as essential as the input coming from the external environment. The semantic knowledge stored in memory, figure-background segmentation, grouping principles, and current mood and expectations of the person are equally important. Visual illusions, which might be described as the discrepancy between the objective properties of the external world and their subjective representations, is a common feature of the visual perception that provides meaningful insights with regards to the structure and function of the complex information processor in the brain. In this context, visual illusions are the end results of the optimization strategies that allow the effective use of limited neuronal and metabolic resources, and thus reflect the natural working principles while coping with these limitations, rather than restrictions inflicted upon the system. In this review, we present a compilation of illusions and summarize the key principles of visual perception on the basis of these visual phenomena. In the final section, we also discuss a number of recent topics within the context of Bayesian inference and psychopathology, illusions and alpha brain oscillations and time perception to describe the current directions in the field. Keywords Visual perception, visual illusions, visual system

scholarly journals Moving beyond the distinction between concrete and abstract concepts

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1752) ◽  
pp. 20170144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence W. Barsalou ◽  
Léo Dutriaux ◽  
Christoph Scheepers
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual System ◽  
Frequent Patterns ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Situated Action ◽  
Conceptual Processing ◽  
Individual Concepts ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

From the perspective of the situated conceptualization framework, the primary purpose of concepts is for categorizing and integrating elements of situations to support goal-directed action (including communication and social interaction). To the extent that important situational elements are categorized and integrated properly, effective goal-directed action follows. Over time, frequent patterns of co-occurring concepts within situations become established in memory as situated conceptualizations, conditioning the conceptual system and producing habitual patterns of conceptual processing. As a consequence, individual concepts are most basically represented within patterns of concepts that become entrained with specific kinds of physical situations. In this framework, the concrete versus abstract distinction between concepts is no longer useful, with two other distinctions becoming important instead: (i) external versus internal situational elements, (ii) situational elements versus situational integrations. Whereas concepts for situational elements originate in distributed neural networks that provide continual feeds about components of situations, concepts for situational integrations originate in association areas that establish temporal co-occurrence relations between situational elements, both external and internal. We propose that studying concepts in the context of situated action is necessary for establishing complete accounts of them, and that continuing to study concepts in isolation is likely to provide relatively incomplete and distorted accounts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Varieties of abstract concepts: development, use and representation in the brain’.

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