scholarly journals Gut microbiota of the pine weevil degrades conifer diterpenes and increases insect fitness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Berasategui ◽  
Hassan Salem ◽  
Christian Paetz ◽  
Maricel Santoro ◽  
Jonathan Gershenzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
Gut Symbionts ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Insect Fitness

AbstractThe pine weevil (Hylobius abietis), a major pest of conifer forests throughout Europe, feeds on the bark and cambium, tissues rich in terpenoid resins that are toxic to many insect herbivores. Here we report the ability of the pine weevil gut microbiota to degrade the diterpene acids of Norway spruce. The diterpene acid levels present in ingested bark were substantially reduced on passage through the pine weevil gut. This reduction was significantly less upon antibiotic treatment, and supplementing the diet with gut suspensions from untreated insects restored the ability to degrade diterpenes. In addition, cultured bacteria isolated from pine weevil guts were shown to degrade a Norway spruce diterpene acid. In a metagenomic survey of the insect’s bacterial community, we were able to annotate several genes of a previously described diterpene degradation (dit) gene cluster. Antibiotic treatment disrupted the core bacterial community of H. abietis guts and eliminated nearly all dit-genes concordant with its reduction of diterpene degradation. Pine weevils reared on an artificial diet spiked with diterpenes, but without antibiotics, were found to lay more eggs with a higher hatching rate than weevils raised on diets with antibiotics or without diterpenes. These results suggest that gut symbionts contribute towards host fitness, but not by detoxification of diterpenes, since these compounds do not show toxic effects with or without antibiotics. Rather the ability to thrive in a terpene rich environment appears to allow gut microbes to benefit the weevil in other ways, such as increasing the nutritional properties of their diet.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota of the pine weevil degrades conifer diterpenes and increases insect fitness

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4099-4110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Berasategui ◽  
Hassan Salem ◽  
Christian Paetz ◽  
Maricel Santoro ◽  
Jonathan Gershenzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Insect Fitness

Deep planting of Norway spruce seedlings: effects on pine weevil feeding damage and growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Viiri ◽  
Jaana Luoranen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Pine Weevils ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Target Depth ◽  
Lower Stem

As the use of mounding as a soil preparation method and mechanized planting become more common, the use of deep planting has increased. In deep planting, a greater portion of the stem is buried below the soil surface. However, it is feared that this increases the risk of insect damage, especially damage from the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The effects of planting depth on the feeding preference of adult pine weevils in 1.5-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were investigated using choice experiments. Seedlings were planted at two depths in a pot to compare (i) normal planting depth (target depth 3 cm) and (ii) deep planting (8 cm). In deep-planted seedlings, the number of feeding scars on lower stem parts above the soil surface, as well as severe feeding, was effectively reduced. After planting, the aboveground portion of the stem in deep-planted seedlings was clearly shorter and thinner, but the stems grew more both in height and diameter during the 5-week growing period than did normal-planted seedlings. At the end of the experiment, the deep-planted seedlings were still shorter, but there was no difference in diameter. In conclusion, deep planting protected 1.5-year-old seedlings from pine weevil feeding and improved seedling growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Mounding on Damage by the European Pine Weevil in Planted Norway Spruce Seedlings

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Heiskanen ◽  
Heli Viiri
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Major Pest

Abstract The European pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) is not found in northern America so far but is the major pest in conifer reforestation in northern Europe. The effects of mounding on pine-weevil damage and growth in planted Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were studied on two clearcut forest sites in Finland. Three different mounding treatments (spot mounding with or without mixing and inverting) were compared to three unscarified treatments with or without vegetation control (mulch or herbicide). Mounding significantly decreased pine-weevil damage, mortality, and growth losses of planted Norway spruce seedlings even if insecticide was used before planting. Seedling growth and survival were poorest with the heaviest feeding by the pine weevil. After the first growing season, the proportion of gnawed seedlings was higher on unscarified spots (76% gnawed), whereas seedlings on mounded spots had hardly any feeding (1%). Seedling mortality was lower on mounded (1%) than on unscarified spots, where it was higher in 1-year-old (27%) than 2-year-old seedlings (10%). After the second growing season, mortality and proportion of gnawed seedlings increased on both mounded and unscarified spots. The study indicates that mounding can provide an effective method of decreasing pine-weevil damage and improving plantation success.North. J. Appl. For. 22(3):154 –161.

Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity of Core 1 O-glycan and its Derivative on Human Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1348-1353
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Qu ◽  
Baixue Li ◽  
Jingyi Yang ◽  
Huaiwen Liang ◽  
Meixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Glycan Structure ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Gut Symbionts

Background: Disaccharide core 1 (Galβ1-3GalNAc) is a common O-glycan structure in nature. Biochemical studies have confirmed that the formation of the core 1 structure is an important initial step in O-glycan biosynthesis and it is of great importance for human body. Objective: Our study will provide meaningful and useful sights for O-glycan synthesis and their bioassay. And all the synthetic glycosides would be used as intermediate building blocks in the scheme developed for oligosaccharide construction. Methods: In this article, we firstly used chemical procedures to prepare core 1 and its derivative, and a novel disaccharide was efficiently synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. Then we employed three human gut symbionts belonging to Bacteroidetes, a predominantphyla in the distal gut, as models to study the bioactivity of core 1 and its derivative on human gut microbiota. Results: According to our results, both core 1 and derivative could support the growth of B. fragilis, especially the core 1 derivative, while failed to support the growth of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. ovatus. Conclusion: This suggested that the B. fragilis might have the specificity glycohydrolase to cut the glycosidic bond for acquiring monosaccharide.

scholarly journals Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jianqing Zhu ◽  
Jie Fang ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Shuojia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Inference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

Contributions of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 administration on the recovery of gut microbiota after short-term ceftriaxone exposure in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-509
Author(s):  
R. Cheng ◽  
H. Liang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Guo ◽  
Z. Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to determine the impact of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 concurrent with antibiotic treatment and/or during the recovery phase after antibiotic treatment on the body weight, faecal bacterial composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and splenic cytokine mRNA expression of mice. Orally administrated ceftriaxone quantitatively and significantly decreased body weight, faecal total bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and faecal SCFAs concentration. Ceftriaxone treatment also dramatically altered the faecal microbiota with an increased Chao1 index, decreased species diversities and Bacteroidetes, and more Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. After ceftriaxone intervention, these changes all gradually started to recover. However, faecal microbiota diversities were still totally different from control by significantly increased α- and β-diversities. Bacteroidetes all flourished and became dominant during the recovery process. However, mice treated with PC170 both in parallel with and after ceftriaxone treatment encouraged more Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria, and the diversity by which to make faecal microbiota was very much closer to control. Furthermore, the expression of splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA in mice supplemented with PC170 during the recovery phase was significantly lower than natural recovery. These results indicated that antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, even with short-term intervention, could dramatically damage the structure of gut microbiota and their abilities to produce SCFAs with loss of body weight. Although such damages could be partly recovered with the cessation of antibiotics, the implication of antibiotics to gut microbiota might remain even after antibiotic treatment. The selected strain PC170 might be a potential probiotic because of its contributions in helping the host animal to remodel or stabilise its gut microbiome and enhancing the anti-inflammatory response as protection from the side effects of antibiotic therapy when it was administered in parallel with and after antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals Unraveling Assemblage, Functions and Stability of the Gut Microbiota of Blattella germanica by Antibiotic Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Domínguez-Santos ◽  
Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas ◽  
Alejandro Artacho ◽  
José A. Castro ◽  
Irene Talón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Blattella Germanica

scholarly journals Oral iron supplementation after antibiotic exposure induces a deleterious recovery of the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Cuisiniere ◽  
Annie Calvé ◽  
Gabriela Fragoso ◽  
Manon Oliero ◽  
Roy Hajjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Excess Iron

Abstract Background Oral iron supplementation is commonly prescribed for anemia and may play an important role in the gut microbiota recovery of anemic individuals who received antibiotic treatment. This study aims to investigate the effects of iron supplementation on gut microbiota recovery after antibiotics exposure. Results Mice were subjected to oral antibiotic treatment with neomycin and metronidazole and were fed diets with different concentrations of iron. The composition of the gut microbiota was followed throughout treatment by 16S rRNA sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. Gut microbiota functions were inferred using PICRUSt2, and short-chain fatty acid concentration in fecal samples was assessed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. Iron supplementation after antibiotic exposure shifted the gut microbiota composition towards a Bacteroidetes phylum-dominant composition. At the genus level, the iron-supplemented diet induced an increase in the abundance of Parasutterella and Bacteroides, and a decrease of Bilophila and Akkermansia. Parasutterella excrementihominis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Alistipes finegoldii, were more abundant with the iron excess diet. Iron-induced shifts in microbiota composition were accompanied by functional modifications, including an enhancement of the biosynthesis of primary bile acids, nitrogen metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism and pentose phosphate pathways. Recovery after antibiotic treatment increased propionate levels independent of luminal iron levels, whereas butyrate levels were diminished by excess iron. Conclusions Oral iron supplementation after antibiotic therapy in mice may lead to deleterious changes in the recovery of the gut microbiota. Our results have implications on the use of oral iron supplementation after antibiotic exposure and justify further studies on alternative treatments for anemia in these settings.

scholarly journals Gut–Liver Immune Response and Gut Microbiota Profiling Reveal the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Vibrio harveyi in Pearl Gentian Grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × E. fuscoguttatus♀)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Deng ◽  
Yaqiu Zhang ◽  
Haoxiang Chen ◽  
Liwen Xu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Highly Virulent

Vibrio harveyi causes vibriosis in nearly 70% of grouper (Epinephelus sp.), seriously limiting grouper culture. As well as directly inhibiting pathogens, the gut microbiota plays critical roles in immune homeostasis and provides essential health benefits to its host. However, there is still little information about the variations in the immune response to V. harveyi infection and the gut microbiota of grouper. To understand the virulence mechanism of V. harveyi in the pearl gentian grouper, we investigated the variations in the pathological changes, immune responses, and gut bacterial communities of pearl gentian grouper after exposure to differently virulent V. harveyi strains. Obvious histopathological changes were detected in heart, kidney, and liver. In particular, nodules appeared and huge numbers of V. harveyi cells colonized the liver at 12 h postinfection (hpi) with highly virulent V. harveyi. Although no V. harveyi was detected in the gut, the infection simultaneously induced a gut-liver immune response. In particular, the expression of 8 genes associated with cellular immune processes, including genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and receptors, and pattern recognition proteins, was markedly induced by V. harveyi infection, especially with the highly virulent V. harveyi strain. V. harveyi infection also induced significant changes in gut bacterial community, in which Vibrio and Photobacterium increased but Bradyrhizobium, Lactobacillus, Blautia, and Faecalibaculum decreased in the group infected with the highly virulent strain, with accounting for 82.01% dissimilarity. Correspondingly, four bacterial functions related to bacterial pathogenesis were increased by infection with highly virulent V. harveyi, whereas functions involving metabolism and genetic information processing were reduced. These findings indicate that V. harveyi colonizes the liver and induces a gut-liver immune response that substantially disrupts the composition of and interspecies interactions in the bacterial community in fish gut, thereby altering the gut-microbiota-mediated functions and inducing fish death.

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