scholarly journals Rewiring of an ancestral Tbx1/10-Ebf-Mrf network for pharyngeal muscle specification in distinct embryonic lineages

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theadora Tolkin ◽  
Lionel Christiaen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Pharyngeal Muscle ◽  
Linear Cascade ◽  
Founder Cells ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
And Function

Skeletal muscles arise from diverse embryonic origins, yet converge on common regulatory programs involving muscle regulatory factor (MRF)-family genes. Here, we compare the molecular basis of myogenesis in two separate muscle groups in the simple chordate Ciona: the atrial and oral siphon muscles. Here, we describe the ontogeny of OSM progenitors and characterize the clonal origins of OSM founders to compare mechanisms of OSM specification to what has been established for ASM. We determined that, as is the case in the ASM, Ebf and Tbx1/10 are both expressed and function upstream of Mrf in the OSM founder cells. However, regulatory relationships between Tbx1/10, Ebf and Mrf differ between the OSM and ASM lineages: while Tbx1/10, Ebf and Mrf form a linear cascade in the ASM, Ebf and Tbx1/10 are expressed in the inverse temporal order and are required together in order to activate Mrf in the OSM founder cells.

scholarly journals Intradialytic resistance training: an effective and easy-to-execute strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Antônio Paulo André de Castro ◽  
Sergio Ribeiro Barbosa ◽  
Henrique Novais Mansur ◽  
Danielle Guedes Andrade Ezequiel ◽  
Mônica Barros Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nephrology Care ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
And Function

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) alters the morphology and function of skeletal muscles, thereby decreasing patient physical capacity (PC) and quality of life (QoL). Intradialytic resistance training (IRT) is a pragmatic tool used to attenuate these complications. However, IRT has not been strongly adopted in nephrology care centers. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a low-cost, easy-to-use IRT protocol. Methods: The study enrolled 43 patients (52.8 ± 13.85 years) on HD for five to 300 months followed from April 2014 to July 2017. The efficacy of IRT was assessed based on PC - derived from muscle strength (MS) and preferred walking speed (PWS) - and QoL. The occurrence of adverse events was used as a measure of safety. The IRT protocol consisted of exercises of moderate to high intensity for the main muscle groups performed three times a week. Results: The mean follow-up time was 9.3 ± 3.24 months, for a total of 4,374 sessions of IRT. Compliance to the protocol was 96.5 ± 2.90%, and patients presented significant improvements in MS (from 27.3 ± 11.58 Kgf to 34.8 ± 10.77 Kgf) and PWS (from 0.99 ± 0.29 m/s to 1.26 ± 0.22 m/s). Physical and emotional components of QoL also increased significantly. Conclusion: IRT led to significant increases in PC and higher scores in all domains of QoL. Important adverse events were not observed during intradialytic resistance training.

Drosophila Lame duck, a novel member of the Gli superfamily, acts as a key regulator of myogenesis by controlling fusion-competent myoblast development

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4489-4500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Duan ◽  
James B. Skeath ◽  
Hanh T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fusion Genes ◽  
Lame Duck ◽  
Founder Cells ◽  
Fusion Competent Myoblasts ◽  
And Function

A hallmark of mature skeletal muscles is the presence of multinucleate muscle fibers. In Drosophila, the formation of muscle syncytia requires the cooperative participation of two types of myoblasts, founder cells and fusion-competent myoblasts. We show that a newly identified gene, lame duck (lmd), has an essential regulatory role in the specification and function of fusion-competent myoblasts. Embryos that lack lmd function show a loss of expression of two key differentiation and fusion genes, Mef2 and sticks-and-stones, in fusion-competent myoblasts and are completely devoid of multinucleate muscle fibers. By contrast, founder cells are specified and retain their capability to differentiate into mononucleate muscle cells. lmd encodes a novel member of the Gli superfamily of transcription factors and is expressed in fusion-competent myoblasts and their precursors in a Wingless- and Notch-dependent manner. The activity of the Lmd protein appears to be additionally controlled by its differential cytoplasmic versus nuclear localization. Results from an independent molecular screen for binding factors to a myoblast-specific Mef2 enhancer further demonstrate that Lmd is a direct transcriptional regulator of Mef2 in fusion-competent myoblasts.

Molecular basis of ovarian development and function

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-3) ◽  
pp. d2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Vanderhyden
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
And Function

The Structure and Function of Iron Regulatory Factor

1994 ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas C. Kühn ◽  
Harald Hirling ◽  
Beric Henderson ◽  
Alice Emery-Goodman ◽  
Barbara Neupert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Calsequestrin Distribution, Structure and Function, Its Role in Normal and Pathological Situations and the Effect of Thyroid Hormones

2011 ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NOVÁK ◽  
T. SOUKUP
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
And Function

Calsequestrin is the main calcium binding protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, serving as an important regulator of Ca2+. In mammalian muscles, it exists as a skeletal isoform found in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles and a cardiac isoform expressed in the heart and slow-twitch muscles. Recently, many excellent reviews that summarised in great detail various aspects of the calsequestrin structure, localisation or function both in skeletal and cardiac muscle have appeared. The present review focuses on skeletal muscle: information on cardiac tissue is given, where differences between both tissues are functionally important. The article reviews the known multiple roles of calsequestrin including pathology in order to introduce this topic to the broader scientific community and to stimulate an interest in this protein. Newly we describe our results on the effect of thyroid hormones on skeletal and cardiac calsequestrin expression and discuss them in the context of available literary data on this topic.

scholarly journals Candidate genes associated with athletes' skeletal muscle functions regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
O. V. Balberova ◽  
E. V. Bykov ◽  
G. V. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
And Function ◽  
Genetically Determined

It is generally recognized that an elite athlete's status is a multifactorial phenotype depending on many environmental and genetic factors. Variations in the sequence of nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), in particular, single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) act as key internal factors associated with achieving high results in sports. The determination of specific individuals' genetic characteristics allows us to identify athletes who have the greatest genetically determined potential for certain sports that require speed, strength or endurance manifestation. Of course, peculiarities of the structure and function of skeletal muscles are among the most important characteristics in sports results context, in sports associated with the development of power / strength or endurance phenotypes. The composition and function of skeletal muscles are controlled by many different genes, and their SNVs can serve as strength or endurance athletes' status biomarkers. (1) Background: to conduct a thematic review of candidate genes studies and their single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with the functioning of skeletal muscles in athletes. (2) Methods: A search for articles for the period from 2010 to 2020 was conducted in the databases SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Calendar, Clinical keys, PubMed, e-LIBRARY using keywords and their combinations; (3) Conclusions: The identification of genetic biomarkers associated with muscular system regulation can help neurologists, sports doctors and coaches in developing personalized strategies for selecting children, adolescents and young adults for endurance, strength and speed sports (for example, running short, medium or long distances). Such a personalized approach will increase sports performance and reduce the risk of sports injuries of the musculoskeletal system.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Exercise: Equine Rhabdomyolysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. E52-E59 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Quist ◽  
J. J. Dougherty ◽  
M. K. Chaffin ◽  
B. F. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Muscular Pain ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Muscular Disorders ◽  
Streptococcus Equi ◽  
Quarter Horse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Muscle Groups

A 1.5-year-old Quarter Horse gelding with a history of chronic nasal discharge and leukocytosis presented with signs of increased lethargy and muscular pain. The horse quickly became recumbent and unable to rise and was euthanized due to a poor prognosis. At necropsy, severe bilateral guttural pouch empyema was observed, as well as numerous well-demarcated areas of pallor within the skeletal muscles of all major muscle groups. Polymerase chain reaction testing of the guttural pouch exudate confirmed an infection with Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, and an S. equi–associated immune-mediated rhabdomyolysis was initially considered to be the most likely diagnosis. This report briefly discusses the various etiologies that should be considered in cases of equine myopathy, and it demonstrates the complexity of these poorly understood muscular disorders.

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