scholarly journals Search calls long duration puts the bat on the tympanate moth's radar. A new perspective on how Noctuoidea's auditory cells drive evasive manoeuvres.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herve Thevenon ◽  
Gerit Pfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Fixed Action Pattern ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Corrected Data ◽  
Stimulation Method ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Reported Data

The auditory stimulation method used in experiments on moth A cell(s) is generally believed to be adequate to characterise the encoding of echolocation signals. The stimulation method hosts, though, several bias. Their compounded effects can explain a range of discrepancies between the reported electrophysiological recordings and significantly alter the current interpretation. To test the hypothesis that the bias may significantly alter our current understanding of the moth's auditory transducer characteristics, papers using the same auditory stimulation method and reporting on either spiking threshold or spiking activity of the moth's A cells were analysed. The consistency of the reported data was assessed. A range of corrections issued from best practices and theoretical background were applied to the data in an attempt to re-interpret the data. We found that it is not possible to apply a posteriori corrections to all data and bias. However the corrected data indicates that the A cell's spiking may be (i) independent of the repetition rate, (ii) maximum when detecting the long and low intensity pulses of the bat in searching mode, and (iii) steadily reduce as the bat closes on the moth. These observations raise the possibility that a fixed action pattern drives the moths's erratic evasive manoeuvres until the final moment. In depth investigation of the potential bias also suggest that the auditory transducer's response may be constant for a larger frequency range than thought so far, and provide clues to explain the negative taxis in response to the searching bats's calls detection.

scholarly journals Discrepancies in the spiking threshold and frequency sensitivity of nocturnal moths explainable by biases in the canonical auditory stimulation method

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 172404
Author(s):  
Herve Thevenon ◽  
Gerit Pfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Fixed Action Pattern ◽  
Fixed Action ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Corrected Data ◽  
Stimulation Method ◽  
Reported Data

The auditory stimulation method used in experiments on moth A cell(s) is generally believed to be adequate to characterize the encoding of bat echolocation signals. The stimulation method hosts, though, several biases. Their compounded effects can explain a range of discrepancies between the reported electrophysiological recordings and significantly alter the current interpretation. To test the hypothesis that the bias may significantly alter our current understanding of the moth's auditory transducer characteristics, papers using the same auditory stimulation method and reporting on either spiking threshold or spiking activity of the moth's A cells were analysed. The consistency of the reported data was assessed. A range of corrections issued from best practices and theoretical background were applied to the data in an attempt to re-interpret the data. We found that it is not possible to apply a posteriori corrections to all data and bias. However the corrected data indicate that the A cell's spiking may (i) be independent of the repetition rate, (ii) be maximum when detecting long and low-intensity pulses and (iii) steadily reduce as the bat closes on the moth. These observations raise the possibility that a fixed action pattern drives the moths' erratic evasive manoeuvres until the final moment. In-depth investigations of the potential bias also suggest that the auditory transducer's response may be constant for a larger frequency range than thought so far, and provide clues to explain the negative taxis in response to the searching bats' calls detection.

Understanding Culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babette Hellemans
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This pioneering textbook explores the theoretical background of cultural variety, both in past and present. How is it possible to study 'culture' when the topic covers the arts, literature, movies, history, sociology, anthropology and gender studies? Understanding Culture examines the evolution of a concept with varying meanings depending on changing norms. Offering a long-duration analysis of the relationship between culture and nature, this book looks at the origins of studying culture from an international perspective. Using examples from the several scholarly traditions in the practice of studying culture, Understanding Culture is a key introduction to the area. It identifies the history of interpreting culture as a meeting point between the long-standing historical investigation of 'humanism' and 'postmodernism' and is a comprehensive resource for those who wish to further their engagement with culture as both a historical and contemporary phenomenon.

scholarly journals Ventricular Tachycardia Originating from Moderator Band: New Perspective on Catheter Ablation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-yi Li ◽  
Jing-bo Jiang ◽  
Yan He ◽  
Jian-chun Luo ◽  
Guo-qiang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Conduction Block ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Moderator Band ◽  
Radiofrequency Current ◽  
New Perspective

A 59-year-old woman was referred to the institution with burdens of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (IVT). Electroanatomic mapping revealed a complex fractionated, high frequency potential with long duration preceding the QRS onset of the IVT. The real end point of ablation was the disappearance of the conduction block of Purkinje potential during the sinus rhythm besides the disappearance of the inducible tachycardia. Location of distal catheter was at the moderator band (MB) by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Only irrigated radiofrequency current was delivered at both insertions of the MB which can completely eliminate the IVT.

The Creative Poetry Translation Method from the Perspective of the Cultural Turn — Longfellow’s A Psalm of Life as a Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ◽  
Poetry Translation ◽  
Creative Poetry ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Cultural Turn

A Psalm of Life is a well-known poem written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and it has been translated into many different versions since the Qing Dynasty. From the 1980s, translation studies have focused on the cultural aspects rather than the literal equivalence. The new perspective takes into account how the translated version is adapted and accepted and influences the target culture. This paper, based on the cultural turn perspective, examines the theoretical background of translation research and analyzes a translated version of A Psalm of Life in light of the target language and culture. This paper concludes that the creative translation method in English-Chinese poetry translation is reasonable and innovative.

scholarly journals Unravelling the role of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Secretome in intervertebral disc degeneration in a pro-inflammatory/degenerative ex vivo model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Ferreira ◽  
GQ Teixeira ◽  
E Neto ◽  
C Ribeiro-Machado ◽  
AM Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
A Cell ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
Ivd Degeneration

Abstract Background: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been increasingly used in clinical trials for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Here, we aimed to evaluate the potential of a cell-free approach to degenerated IVD, testing if MSCs secretome can stimulate a regenerative response by modulating the IVD inflammatory cascade. Methods: Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were pre-conditioned with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) and low oxygen (6% O2). The secretome of MSCs (MSCsec) was collected after 48h. Bovine IVD tissue explants cultured in pro-inflammatory/degenerative conditions (needle puncture + IL-1β) were treated with MSCsec or co-cultured with MSCs. Results: MSCsec obtained upon IL-1β-pre-conditioning, as well as MSCs co-culture, down-regulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, bIL-6 and bIL-8 after 48h, in IVD. IVD matrix degrading enzymes, bMMP1 and bMMP3, were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the presence of MSCsec, but not MSCs. After 14 days, MSCsec-treated IVDs revealed increased aggrecan content at the protein level, contrarily to MSCs/IVD co-cultures. Interestingly, IL-1β-preconditioning only, but not IL-1β-IVD, increased gene expression of hADAMTS5 and hTIMP-1in MSCs. Additionally, conditioned medium from MSCsec-treated IVDs did not promote angiogenesis or neurogenesis. In MSCsec-treated IVD, an increase in MCP-3 and GCP-2 was observed, while SDF-1α, TNF-α, IGF-1, Eotaxin 3, FGF-9, MIP-1δ, IFN-γ, IL-5, TNF-β, IL-4, TGF-β1, IL-16, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 were decreased, compared with MSCs/IVD co-cultures. Conclusions: MSCsec obtained upon IL1β-preconditioning, present an immunomodulatory role in degenerated IVD, as well as MSCs. Nevertheless, MSCsec but not MSCs, potentiate aggrecan deposition in IVD in pro-inflammatory/degenerative conditions. This finding can open new perspective on the use of MSCsec as a cell-based/cell-free approach to LBP.

scholarly journals AN INVESTIGATION OF CELL PHONE USES IN THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Maksal Minaz ◽  
◽  
Ghazala Naheed Baig ◽  
Azmat Ali Shah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The University

The study investigated the uses of a cell phone in educational activities of students at a higher level. The recommendation of National Professional Standards on the use of ICT in education provides a strong theoretical background for the study. The objectives of the study focused on the investigation of the perception of teachers and students regarding the uses of the cell phone in educational activities and effective communication between students and teachers for educational progress. Adopting a descriptive research design, a survey was carried out to investigate one hundred respondents by using a self-developed questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed through percentage and findings were tabulated consequently which show that majority of respondent uses a cell phone for instructive activities and having positive effects on students’ educational performances. Furthermore, the uses of a cell phone in educational activities facilitate teachers and students at the same level in organizing their teaching and learning activities. Keywords: Cell phone, Students’ National Professional Standards, Instructional Activities, etc

scholarly journals Human Neural Stem Cells Flown into Space Proliferate and Generate Young Neurons

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cepeda ◽  
Laurent Vergnes ◽  
Nicholas Carpo ◽  
Matthew J. Schibler ◽  
Laurent A. Bentolila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Cell Processes

Here we demonstrate that human neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate while in space and they express specific NSC markers after being in space. NSCs displayed both higher oxygen consumption and glycolysis than ground controls. These cells also kept their ability to become young neurons. Electrophysiological recordings of space NSC-derived neurons showed immature cell membrane properties characterized by small capacitance and very high input resistance. Current injections elicited only an incipient action potential. No spontaneous synaptic events could be detected, suggesting their immature status even though most recorded cells displayed complex morphology and numerous cell processes. Ascertaining the origin of the NSCs’ increased energy requirement is of the essence in order to design effective measures to minimize health risks associated with long-duration human spaceflight missions.

Test Cell For Polarization And Depolarization Current Test Of Transformer Insulation Oil

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Asiah Muhamad ◽  
Toan Phung ◽  
Trevor Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Depolarization Current ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Paper Insulation ◽  
Transformer Insulation ◽  
Insulation Oil

Polarisasi dan depolarisasi Arus (PDA) analisis biasanya digunakan untuk menentukan kadar air dalam di antara penebat minyak–kertas dan juga konduktiviti minyak di dalam pemboleh ubah. Pengukuran PDA ke atas pemboleh ubah di tapak dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan Voltan DC pada satu sisi pemboleh ubah dan pengukuran arus akak dilalukan pada sisi yang lain, di mana semasa pemdukuran dijalankan pemboleh ubah ini harus dipisahkan dari operasi. Ujian PDC biasanya berjalan sehingga 10000s untuk polarisasi dan harus menunggu 10000s lagi untuk pengukuran depolarisasi. Kerana tempoh ujian yang lama, aplikasi kaedah ini untuk memantau pemboleh ubah yang sedang beroperasi menjadi kurang popular. Dalam kajian ini, sel direka dan dibangunkan untuk melakukan ujian PDA pada sampel minyak penebat. Pola PDA minyak penebat diperoleh dengan ujian menggunakan sel tersebut didapati memiliki pola yang sama dengan ujian dilakukan di tapak. Ramalan kondisi pemboleh ubah dalam perkhidmatan dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan ujian PDA pada sampel minyak penebat yang diambil dari tangki pemboleh ubah dan kemudian membandingkan polanya, tahap konduktiviti dan nilai pemuat berkadar terhadap pola asal PDA minyak penebat tersebut. Kata kunci: Polarisasi; depolarisasi; minyak penebat; pemboleh ubah dan sel Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) analysis is normally used to determine the water content in the oil–paper insulation barrier and also oil conductivity inside the transformers. PDC measurement onsite was performed by injecting the DC Voltage at one side of the transformer and current measurement will be carried at the other side of the transformer, in which the transformers are required to be isolated from services to be tested. PDC test normally run up to 10000s for polarization and had to wait for other 10000s for depolarization measurement. Because of the long duration of the test, applications of this method to monitor transformer on service become less popular. In this research, a cell was designed and developed to perform PDC on insulation oil samples. The PDC pattern of insulation oil obtained by testing using the cell was found to have same pattern with the test done onsite. Predictions for transformers in service can be made by performing PDC tests on oil samples taken from the transformer tank and then comparing its pattern, conductivity level and measured capacitance value against a PDC fingerprint. Key words: Polarization; depolarization; oil insulation; transformer; cell

Multimodale graphische Kommunikation im pharaonischen Ägypten: Entwurf einer Analysemethode

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 81-116
Author(s):  
Silvia Kutscher
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Graphic Communication ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
The Will ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Interdisciplinary Dialog

“Multimodal graphic communication in Ancient Egypt: A method for analysis”: This article presents a method to analyse Hieroglyphic-Egyptian artefacts based on the semiotic approach of multimodality. In a first step, the theoretical background of multimodality research is given and its methodological application to Hieroglyphic-Egyptian text-image-compositions is discussed. In a second step, the method is illustrated analysing a relief from an Old Kingdom mastaba in Giza – the will of Wep-em-nefert (G8882). In a third step, some graphic techniques for information structuring are compared to similar techniques that can be found in Franco-Belgian comics. In indenting semiotic methods of multimodality research with Egyptology, this article presents a new perspective for the investigation of Hieroglyphic-Egyptian artefacts, which opens new grounds for both research areas and for interdisciplinary dialog.

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