scholarly journals An association between sexes of successive siblings in the data from Demographic and Health Survey program

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Monakhov
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Secondary Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratio Adjustment ◽  
Using Data

The prediction of future child's sex is a question of keen public interest. The probability of having a child of either sex is close to 50%, although multiple factors may slightly change this value. Some demographic studies suggested that sex determination can be influenced by previous pregnancies, although this hypothesis was not commonly accepted. This paper explores the correlations between siblings' sexes using data from the Demographic and Health Survey program. In the sample of about 2,214,601 women (7,985,855 children), the frequencies of sibships with multiple siblings of the same sex were significantly higher than can be expected by chance. A formal modelling demonstrated that sexes of the children were dependent on three kinds of sex ratio variation: a variation between families (Lexian), a variation within a family (Poisson) and a variation contingent upon the sex of preceding sibling (Markovian). There was a positive correlation between the sexes of successive siblings (coefficient = 0.067, p < 0.001), i.e. a child was more likely to be of the same sex as its preceding sibling. This correlation could be caused by secondary sex ratio adjustment in utero since the effect was decreasing with the length of birth-to-birth interval, and the birth-to-birth interval was longer for siblings with unlike sex.

Parental education and child mortality in Burundi

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine O'Toole ◽  
Robert E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThis paper examines the relationship between parental education and child mortality in Burundi using data collected in the 1987 Demographic and Health Survey. Proportional hazards models are estimated to examine this relationship, while holding constant other known child mortality determinants. Parental education proves to be a key factor in explaining differences in child mortality, the effect of maternal education being particularly strong compared to paternal education.

scholarly journals Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in High Mortality Regions of Ethiopia: An Analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Gebretsadik ◽  
Emmanuel Gabreyohannes
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Low Probability

The study was a secondary analysis of existing data from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Of the 2097 live births recorded in Affar, Somali, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Gambela regions of Ethiopia between 2006 and 2011, 366 deaths before the age of five years were reported. The univariable and multivariable Cox proportional regression models were fitted to select the factors affecting under-five mortality in these regions. The model revealed that under-five mortality significantly associated with preceding birth interval, family size, birth type, breastfeeding status, source of drinking water, and income of mother. Children born after a preceding birth interval of 2-3 years and 3 years and above were significantly less likely to have died before their fifth birthday than those born within two years. Children who were breastfed, for any period, were 25.5% (HR 1.255, 1.005–1.567, p = 0.045) less likely to have died before their fifth birthday than those who were not breastfed. Increased birth interval time corresponds to a low probability of child mortality. Thus, mothers should be encouraged to wait for a sufficient number of months after a birth to conceive another child. Furthermore, breastfeeding was of paramount importance in the fight against child mortality.

scholarly journals Male phenotypic quality influences offspring sex ratio in a polygynous ungulate

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1610) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut H Røed ◽  
Øystein Holand ◽  
Atle Mysterud ◽  
Aage Tverdal ◽  
Jouko Kumpula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Differential Allocation ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Phenotypic Quality ◽  
Secondary Sex Ratio ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Sex Ratio Adjustment ◽  
Attractive Male

Evolutionary models of sex ratio adjustment applied to mammals have ignored that females may gain indirect genetic benefits from their mates. The differential allocation hypothesis (DAH) predicts that females bias the sex ratio of their offspring towards (more costly) males when breeding with an attractive male. We manipulated the number of available males during rut in a polygynous ungulate species, the reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ), and found that a doubling of average male mass (and thus male attractiveness) in the breeding herd increased the proportion of male offspring from approximately 40 to 60%. Paternity analysis revealed indeed that males of high phenotypic quality sired more males, consistent with the DAH. This insight has consequences for proper management of large mammal populations. Our study suggests that harvesting, by generating a high proportion of young, small and unattractive mates, affects the secondary sex ratio due to differential allocation effects in females. Sustainable management needs to consider not only the direct demographic changes due to harvest mortality and selection, but also the components related to behavioural ecology and opportunities for female choice.

scholarly journals Spatial pattern of perinatal mortality and its determinants in Ethiopia: Data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242499
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta ◽  
Bizatu Mengistu ◽  
Tesfaye Gobena ◽  
Lemma Demissie Regassa
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
P Value ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Moran's I

Background The perinatal mortality rate in Ethiopia is among the highest in Sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the spatial patterns and determinants of perinatal mortality in the country using a national representative 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. Methods The analysis was completed utilizing data from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. This data captured the information of 5 years preceding the survey period. A total of 7230 women who at delivered at seven or more months gestational age nested within 622 enumeration areas (EAs) were used. Statistical analysis was performed by using STATA version 14.1, by considering the hierarchical nature of the data. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to identify community and individual-level factors associated with perinatal mortality. ArcGIS version 10.1 was used for spatial analysis. Moran’s, I statistics fitted to identify global autocorrelation and local autocorrelation was identified using SatSCan version 9.6. Results The spatial distribution of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia revealed a clustering pattern. The global Moran’s I value was 0.047 with p-value <0.001. Perinatal mortality was positively associated with the maternal age, being from rural residence, history of terminating a pregnancy, and place of delivery, while negatively associated with partners’ educational level, higher wealth index, longer birth interval, female being head of household and the number of antenatal care (ANC) follow up. Conclusions In Ethiopia, the perinatal mortality is high and had spatial variations across the country. Strengthening partner’s education, family planning for longer birth interval, ANC, and delivery services are essential to reduce perinatal mortality and achieve sustainable development goals in Ethiopia. Disparities in perinatal mortality rates should be addressed alongside efforts to address inequities in maternal and neonatal healthcare services all over the country.

scholarly journals Factors associated with completion of childhood immunization in Malawi: a multilevel analysis of the 2015–16 Malawi demographic and health survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 534-544
Author(s):  
Peter Austin Morton Ntenda ◽  
Owen Nkoka ◽  
Andrè Wendindonde Nana ◽  
Precious Majoni ◽  
Thomas Gabriel Mhone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Between 2010 and 2015, the percentage of children 12–23 months of age who received full immunization in Malawi decreased from 81% to 76%, prompting us to investigate the factors associated with completion of childhood immunization in Malawi. Methods Using data from the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, generalized linear mixed models were applied on 3145 children 12–23 months of age nested within 850 communities. Complete immunization was defined as the child having received a Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, three doses of pentavalent vaccine, four doses of oral polio vaccine, three doses of pneumococcal vaccine, two doses of rotavirus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine before their first birthday. Results Adjusted multilevel regression showed that children born to mothers with either none or one antenatal care visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.56 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.32 to 0.93]) and whose mothers had no card or no longer had a vaccination card (aOR 0.06 [95% CI 0.04 to 0.07]) were less likely to receive complete immunization. In addition, children from the poorest households (aOR 0.60 [95% CI 0.40 to 0.92]) and who resided in communities with a medium (aOR 0.73 [95% CI 0.53 to 0.98]) or high percentage (aOR 0.73 [95% CI 0.53 to 0.99]) of households that perceived the distance to the nearest health facility as a big problem had reduced odds of achieving complete immunization. Furthermore, the findings showed evidence of clustering effects of childhood complete immunization at the community level. Conclusions Our findings show that a series of sociodemographic, health and contextual factors are associated with the completion of childhood vaccination. Therefore interventions that aim at increasing the completion of childhood immunization in Malawi should not only address individual needs, but should also consider contextual factors and the communities addressed in this study.

Prevalence and predictors of spousal violence against women in Afghanistan: evidence from Demographic and Health Survey data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Bal Govind Chauhan ◽  
Suresh Jungari
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
Household Decisions ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Spousal violence against women is a serious public health problem that is prevalent in all societies, with one in three women around the world experiencing violence in their lifetime. This study examined the prevalence of spousal violence, and its determinants, in Afghanistan using data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey. Univariate, bivariate and logistic regression statistical techniques were used to assess the association of socioeconomic variables with spousal violence. The study sample comprised 20,827 currently married women aged 15–49. Fifty-two per cent of women reported experiencing some form of violence by their husband. A significant association was found between women’s justification of violence, women’s participation in decision-making in their household (COR=0.476; CI=0.446–0.509) and lower risk of experiencing spousal violence. After adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors, women’s participation in all of four household decisions, either alone or jointly, was found to be associated with a lower risk of experiencing spousal violence (AOR=0.472; CI=0.431–0.516). In both the crude and adjusted models, the risk of experiencing spousal violence was high if the husband’s desire for children was different from that of his wife. In the case of inequality in property ownership, the risk of spousal violence was significantly higher (COR=1.263; CI=1.178–1.353; AOR=1.159; CI=1.051–1.278) when women were joint owners of property compared with when they did not own any property. The findings point to an immediate need for legal and social interventions to prevent spousal violence against women, or at least reduce its prevalence, in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Exploratory Assessment of the Census of Pakistan Using Demographic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-750
Author(s):  
Asif Wazir ◽  
Anne Goujon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Census Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract In 2017, Pakistan implemented a long-awaited population census since the last one conducted in 1998. However, several experts are contesting the validity of the census data at the sub-national level, particularly in the absence of a post-enumeration survey. We propose in this article to use demographic analysis to assess the results of the 2017 census at the sub-national level, using data from the 1998 census, from all available intercensal surveys, including three rounds of Demographic and Health Survey. Applying the cohort-component method of population projection, we subject each five first-level subnational entities to estimates regarding the level of fertility, mortality, international, and internal migration derived from the analysis of the existing data. We arrive at approximately similar results as the census at the national level: an estimated 210 million (95% CI: 203.4–218.9) compared to 207.8 million counted (1.1% difference). However, we found substantial sub-national variations. While there are too many uncertainties in the data used for the reconstruction to be fully confident about them, this analysis should prompt the national and the international community to ensure that a post-enumeration survey and demographic analysis are regular features of census operations of Pakistan in particular, and in developing countries with deficient data as a whole.

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