scholarly journals Social feedback and the emergence of rank in animal society

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hobson ◽  
Simon DeDeo
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus ◽  
Direct Aggression ◽  
Individual Decisions

Dominance hierarchies are group-level properties that emerge from the aggressions of individuals. Although individuals can gain critical benefits from their position in a hierarchy, we do not understand how real-world hierarchies form, or what signals and decision-rules individuals use to construct and maintain them in the absence of simple cues. A study of aggression in two groups of captive monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) found a transition to large-scale ordered aggression occurred in newly-formed groups after one week, with individuals thereafter preferring to direct aggression against those nearby in rank. We describe two mechanisms by which individuals may determine rank order: inference based on overall levels of aggression, or on subsets of the aggression network. Both pathways were predictive of individual decisions to aggress. Based on these results, we present a new theory, of a feedback loop between knowledge of rank and consequent behavior, that explains the transition to strategic aggression, and the formation and persistence of dominance hierarchies in groups capable of both social memory and social inference.

Decision rules, escalation of commitment and sensitivity to framing in group decision-making

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1649-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Lucian Curseu ◽  
Sandra G. L. Schruijer ◽  
Oana Catalina Fodor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Escalation Of Commitment ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collaborative Decision

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the influence of collaborative and consultative decision rules on groups’ sensitivity to framing effect (FE) and escalation of commitment (EOC). Design/methodology/approach – In an experimental study (using a sample of 233 professionals with project management experience), the authors test the effects of collaborative and consultative decision rules on groups’ sensitivity to EOC and FE. The authors use four group decision-making tasks to evaluate decision consistency across gain/loss framed decision situations and six decision tasks to evaluate EOC for money as well as time as resources previously invested in the initial decisions. Findings – The results show that the collaborative decision rule increases sensitivity to EOC when financial resources are involved and decreases sensitivity to EOC when time is of essence. Moreover, the authors show that the collaborative decision rule decreases sensitivity to FE in group decision making. Research limitations/implications – The results have important implications for group rationality as an emergent group level competence by extending the insights concerning the impact of decision rules on emergent group level cognitive competencies. Due to the experimental nature of the design, the authors can probe the causal relations between the investigated variables, yet the authors cannot generalize the results to other settings. Practical implications – Managers can use the insights of this study in order to optimize the functioning of decision-making groups and to reduce their sensitivity to FEs and EOC. Originality/value – The study extends the research on group rationality and it is one of the few experimental attempts used to understand the role of decision rules on emergent group level rationality.

scholarly journals Experimenting With Online Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Tchernichovski ◽  
Seth Frey ◽  
Nori Jacoby ◽  
Dalton Conley
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Institutional Logic ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Community Rating ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Test Outcomes

To solve the problems they face, online communities adopt comprehensive governance methods including committees, boards, juries, and even more complex institutional logics. Helping these kinds of communities succeed will require categorizing best practices and creating toolboxes that fit the needs of specific communities. Beyond such applied uses, there is also a potential for an institutional logic itself to evolve, taking advantage of feedback provided by the fast pace and large ecosystem of online communication. Here, we outline an experimental strategy aiming at guiding and facilitating such an evolution. We first review the advantages of studying collective action using recent technologies for efficiently orchestrating massive online experiments. Research in this vein includes attempts to understand how behavior spreads, how cooperation evolves, and how the wisdom of the crowd can be improved. We then present the potential usefulness of developing virtual-world experiments with governance for improving the utility of social feedback. Such experiments can be used for improving community rating systems and monitoring (dashboard) systems. Finally, we present a framework for constructing large-scale experiments entirely in virtual worlds, aimed at capturing the complexity of governance dynamics, to empirically test outcomes of manipulating institutional logic.

Signaling Solidarity?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Ahlquist ◽  
Margaret Levi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Political Actions

This chapter considers the possibility that political activism may yield an economic benefit to the union. To the extent that this is true, it further reinforces the rank-and-file confidence in the leadership and, consequently, the governance equilibrium leading to group-level political mobilization. The chapter specifically analyzes whether and how large-scale political actions by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) and Waterside Workers' Federation (WWF) (now merged into the Maritime Union of Australia, or MUA) could serve as signaling devices to employers when it comes time to bargain over wages. The signaling explanation may be at play in the ILWU, but only after significant technological shocks to the industry and a softening of confidence in Harry Bridges' leadership. Whereas the WWF displays no evidence that its political mobilizations are an attempt to signal solidarity or resolve to employers.

Development of Large-Scale User/Client Application for Automobile Networking Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1061-1067
Author(s):  
Aishrith P Rao ◽  
◽  
Dr. Minal Moharir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Client Application ◽  
Current State ◽  
Milestone Payment ◽  
Pain Points

Large Scale User Applications have been prevalent in the 5G era especially in sectors such as automobile, employee tracking features, e-commerce management, etc., especially with services that connect users with their pain points. One of the pain points observed in the subcontinent regarding an overlooked scenario was driving schools and the business of driving services. The current state of driving schools tends to confuse the user base with miscommunications, late service delivery, licensing formalities, and also the payment structure in the absence of a feedback loop. This project attempts to create a full-fledged driving service solution for the 38-lakh user base in the Indian Subcontinent, so as to acquire driving service providers and connect them with the target audience. This would prompt a smoother process of user onboarding as well as improve the service quality with an integrated milestone payment loop. The results observed through the launch of the application on the Play Store were positive and the young generation aged 18-15 were highly enthusiastic about using the service.

Comparing landscape-based decision rules for placement of fuel treatments in the boreal mixedwood of western Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-André Parisien ◽  
David R. Junor ◽  
Victor G. Kafka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Fuel Treatments ◽  
Fuel Treatment ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Burn Probability ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
Rule Based Approach

The present study used a rule-based approach to prioritise locations of fuel treatments in the boreal mixedwood forest of western Canada. The analysis, which was conducted in and around Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan, was based on burn probability (BP) mapping using the Burn-P3 (Probability, Prediction, and Planning) model. Fuel treatment locations were determined according to three rule-sets and five fuel treatment intensities. Fuel treatments were located according to BP only; jurisdictional boundaries and BP; and non-flammable landscape features, BP, and fuel treatment orientation. First, a baseline BP map was created from the original (i.e. unmodified) fuels grid. Fuel treatments were then added to the selected areas and BP maps produced for each combination of rule-set and treatment intensity. BP values for the treated landscapes were compared with those of the baseline BP map. Results varied substantially among scenarios. Locating fuel treatments as a function of the jurisdictional boundaries and BP yielded the lowest reduction in BP. Results suggest that clumping fuel treatments within a limited area or using landscape features to maximise the large-scale spatial benefits of the fuel treatments can significantly reduce landscape-level BP. Although these two strategies may produce similar overall reductions in BP, their appropriateness and utility depend on management objectives.

scholarly journals A Social Feedback Loop for Speech Development and Its Reduction in Autism

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1314-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Jeffrey A. Richards ◽  
Jill Gilkerson ◽  
D. Kimbrough Oller
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Social Feedback

Experimental study of physical mechanisms in the control of supersonic impinging jets using microjets

2008 ◽  
Vol 613 ◽  
pp. 55-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
FARRUKH S. ALVI ◽  
HUADONG LOU ◽  
CHIANG SHIH ◽  
RAJAN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Nozzle Exit ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Impinging Jet ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Jet Flows ◽  
Streamwise Vorticity ◽  
Control Approach

Supersonic impinging jet(s) inherently produce a highly unsteady flow field. The occurrence of such flows leads to many adverse effects for short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft such as: a significant increase in the noise level, very high unsteady loads on nearby structures and an appreciable loss in lift during hover. In prior studies, we have demonstrated that arrays of microjets, appropriately placed near the nozzle exit, effectively disrupt the feedback loop inherent in impinging jet flows. In these studies, the effectiveness of the control was found to be strongly dependent on a number of geometric and flow parameters, such as the impingement plane distance, microjet orientation and jet operating conditions. In this paper, the effects of some of these parameters that appear to determine control efficiency are examined and some of the fundamental mechanisms behind this control approach are explored. Through comprehensive two- and three-component velocity (and vorticity) field measurements it has been clearly demonstrated that the activation of microjets leads to a local thickening of the jet shear layer, near the nozzle exit, making it more stable and less receptive to disturbances. Furthermore, microjets generate strong streamwise vorticity in the form of well-organized, counter-rotating vortex pairs. This increase in streamwise vorticity is concomitant with a reduction in the azimuthal vorticity of the primary jet. Based on these results and a simplified analysis of vorticity transport, it is suggested that the generation of these streamwise vortices is mainly a result of the redirection of the azimuthal vorticity by vorticity tilting and stretching mechanisms. The emergence of these longitudinal structures weakens the large-scale axisymmetric structures in the jet shear layer while introducing substantial three-dimensionality into the flow. Together, these factors lead to the attenuation of the feedback loop and a significant reduction of flow unsteadiness.

A Knowledge Simplification of a Uncertain System Based on Information Consistency

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1402-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Lin Zeng ◽  
Xiao Hui Zeng ◽  
Ling Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Uncertain System ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
System A ◽  
Decision Attributes ◽  
Information Consistency ◽  
Knowledge Representation System ◽  
Concept Of Information

Based on knowledge equivalent classification of an uncertain system, from view of the knowledge coordinating relations and dependence of condition attributes and the decision attributes in an information universe，a new concept of information consistency of a database is presented to simplify knowledge of an uncertain system. A basic algorithm and realization of knowledge simplification on the information consistency of a database is suggested in this paper. It is more legible and convenient for knowledge simplification by way of the information consistency of a database than the idea of knowledge dependence. The feasibility of the proposed approaches of knowledge simplification and reasoning decision rules is validated by some of example of a classic CTR car knowledge representation system with a large-scale database here.

scholarly journals Biobanks for Genomics and Genomics for Biobanks

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cambon-Thomsen ◽  
Pascal Ducournau ◽  
Pierre-Antoine Gourraud ◽  
David Pontille
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Return Of Results ◽  
Individual Decisions

Biobanks include biological samples and attached databases. Human biobanks occur in research, technological development and medical activities. Population genomics is highly dependent on the availability of large biobanks. Ethical issues must be considered: protecting the rights of those people whose samples or data are in biobanks (information, autonomy, confidentiality, protection of private life), assuring the non-commercial use of human body elements and the optimal use of samples and data. They balance other issues, such as protecting the rights of researchers and companies, allowing long-term use of biobanks while detailed information on future uses is not available. At the level of populations, the traditional form of informed consent is challenged. Other dimensions relate to the rights of a group as such, in addition to individual rights. Conditions of return of results and/or benefit to a population need to be defined. With ‘large-scale biobanking’ a marked trend in genomics, new societal dimensions appear, regarding communication, debate, regulation, societal control and valorization of such large biobanks. Exploring how genomics can help health sector biobanks to become more rationally constituted and exploited is an interesting perspective. For example, evaluating how genomic approaches can help in optimizing haematopoietic stem cell donor registries using new markers and high-throughput techniques to increase immunogenetic variability in such registries is a challenge currently being addressed. Ethical issues in such contexts are important, as not only individual decisions or projects are concerned, but also national policies in the international arena and organization of democratic debate about science, medicine and society.

scholarly journals Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Pulsed X-Ray Excitation

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Jaklevic ◽  
D. A. Landis ◽  
F. S. Goulding
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Feedback Mode ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer using pulsed X-ray excitation has been developed for use in large-scale environmental analysis programs. A grid controlled X-ray tube is coupled with variable secondary fluorescence targets to analyze for a wide variety of elements with almost optimum sensitivity. The operation of the pulsed tube in a feedback loop with the semiconductor detector spectrometer results in a substantial increase in output counting rates without pile-up. The loop functions by turning off the excitation immediately upon detection of an event by the spectrometer. Pileup events are virtually eliminated and the X-ray tube's available anode power is better utilized.The electronic control of this feedback mode results in some unique features in the response of the system to varying sample mass. These features are discussed in detail. Experimental results for sensitivity and accuracy over the range of elements measured are presented. Early operating experience with the unit indicates increases of counting rates of a factor of five compared with similar conventional systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document