scholarly journals Enthusiasm-Based or Evidence-Based Charities: Personal Reflections Based on the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 802-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Shek
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Charitable Foundations ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Personal Reflections ◽  
The Needy

In charitable foundations throughout the world, different approaches are used to allocate funding. As many projects with good will (i.e., enthusiasm-based charity) actually fail to help those who really need it, it is argued that the evidence-based approach (i.e., charity guided by scientific evidence) represents the best strategy to support projects that can really help the needy. Using this approach, scientific research findings are systematically used to (1) understand the nature of the problem and/or social needs, (2) design appropriate intervention programs based on the best available evidence, and (3) systematically evaluate the outcomes of the developed program. Using the Project P.A.T.H.S. funded by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust as an example, the characteristics underlying this approach are outlined. The systematic use of scientific evidence in the Project P.A.T.H.S. is exemplary in different Chinese societies. This project provides much insight for charitable foundations and funding bodies locally and globally.

scholarly journals The internet racing ahead of the scientific evidence: the case of "liberation treatment" for multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yára Dadalti Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Internet Discussion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in certain areas of the central nervous system. The condition was named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Other papers have not confirmed these findings and, therefore, the matter remains controversial. Nineteen months after the original publication on CCSVI and MS, another 22 papers have been published addressing the matter. No clinical trials have been carried out on the subject and there is no evidence-based indication to perform surgical vascular procedures in MS patients. However, over the same nineteen-month period, the internet discussion on the subject of CCSVI and MS has led to countless websites advertising treatment using vascular surgery for patients with MS all over the world. The treatment based on the CCSVI theory has appealingly been called "liberation treatment", thus making it difficult to explain to patients why a treatment that has been highly praised (on the internet) cannot be recommended based on partial medical results that await confirmation.

Worldwide E-Governance

2008 ◽  
pp. 98-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Carrizales ◽  
Marc Holzer ◽  
Aroon Manoharan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
City Governments ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Digital Governance ◽  
Citizen Response ◽  
Developed Nations

This following chapter highlights the research findings of a digital governance survey conducted in the fall of 2005. The study replicates a 2003 survey of large municipalities worldwide. This longitudinal assessment, based on the Rutgers-SKKU E-Governance Performance Index, focused on the evaluation of current practices in government, with emphasis on the evaluation of each website in terms of digital governance. Specifically, we analyzed security, usability, content of websites, the type of online services currently being offered, and citizen response and participation through websites established by city governments. Based on the 2005 evaluation of 81 cities, Seoul, New York, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Sydney represent the highest performing cities in digital governance. There were only slight changes in the top five cities when compared to the 2003 study. Moreover, there continues to be a divide in terms of digital governance throughout the world among the 30 developed nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD member nations. This divide is highlighted by the change in average scores among the municipalities when comparing municipalities from OECD and non-OECD member nations.

Global Trends in Digital Governance

2013 ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Aroon Manoharan ◽  
Marc Fudge ◽  
Marc Holzer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Online Services ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Digital Governance ◽  
Citizen Response

This paper highlights the research findings of a digital governance survey conducted in the fall of 2009. The study replicates previous surveys of large municipalities worldwide in 2007, 2005, and 2003. This longitudinal assessment, focused on the assessment of current practices in municipal e-governance by evaluating their official websites. Specifically, the survey analyzed security, usability, content, the type of online services currently being offered, citizen response, and participation through websites established by city governments worldwide. There were significant changes in the top ranking cities when compared to previous studies. Based on the 2009 evaluation of 87 cities, Seoul, Prague, Hong Kong, New York, and Singapore represent the highest performing cities in digital governance. Moreover, there continues to be a divide in terms of digital governance throughout the world; however, this divide, which increased in 2005, decreased in 2009.

scholarly journals Physiotherapy and Mental Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Michel Probst
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Movement Awareness ◽  
World Confederation

Physiotherapy in mental health care and psychiatry is recognized by the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) as a specialty within physiotherapy. Physiotherapy in mental health offers a wide range of interventions in regard of body functions, physical activity, exercises, sensory, body and movement awareness, stress and tense regulation and pain management, based on clinical and scientific evidence-based literature. Additionally, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and “physio-education” (i.e. the process of providing education and information regarding specific physiotherapy related topics to patients and their family members) should be a responsibility of the physiotherapist. This paper gives a short overview of the interventions in the field of mental health to offer appropriate care to a specific vulnerable but growing group in our society.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to promoting evidence uptake in Chinese medicine: a qualitative study in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Hoi Lam Wong ◽  
Jeffrey Van Ho Tse ◽  
Per Nilsen ◽  
Leonard Ho ◽  
Irene Xin Yin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Evidence Based Healthcare

Abstract Background In response to the World Health Organization’s recommendation, policy makers have been adopting evidence-based healthcare approach to promote the development of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) into Hong Kong’s health system. Disseminating synopses of clinical evidence from systematic reviews or randomized trials is regarded as a potentially effective strategy to promote evidence uptake. The study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing this strategy among Hong Kong Chinese medicine practitioners (CMPs). Methods Twenty-five CMPs aged under 45 years and trained in Hong Kong after reunification with China in 1997 were interviewed individually. Four clinical evidence synopses of randomized trials and systematic reviews on Chinese medicine interventions were presented, and CMPs were asked to comment on their applicability in routine practice. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was applied to guide interview and analysis. Results The barriers included: i) CMPs’ perceived difficulties in applying complex evidence in decision-making and ii) inadequate training and limited consultation time. The facilitators were i) availability of publicly accessible and user-friendly synopses, ii) formation of community of evidence-based practice among CMPs with input from key opinion leaders, iii) opportunity for interprofessional collaborations with conventional healthcare providers, and iv) patients’ demand for evidence-based clinical advice. Besides, i) CMPs’ knowledge and beliefs in evidence-based healthcare approach, ii) presentations of evidence-based information in the synopses, and iii) clinical decision making as influenced by quality of evidence reported acted as both barriers and facilitators. Conclusions This CFIR-based qualitative study investigated how the World Health Organization recommendation of promoting evidence use in routine practice was perceived by CMPs trained in Hong Kong after reunification with China in 1997. Key barriers and facilitators to applying evidence were identified. Such results will inform tailoring of implementation strategies for promoting evidence uptake, in the context of a well-developed health system dominated by conventional medicine.

scholarly journals Face mask use among individuals who are not medically diagnosed with COVID-19: A lack of evidence for and against and implications around early public health

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshini Madara Marasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Benefit Risk Assessment ◽  
The World

Aim: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, public health professionals from around the world have been making decisions on face mask use among individuals who are not medically diagnosed with COVID- 19 or "healthy individuals" to limit the spread of COVID-19. While some countries have strongly recommended face masks for "healthy individuals", other countries have recommended against it. Public health recommendations that have been provided to this population since the beginning of the outbreak have been controversial, contradicting, and inconsistent around the world. The purpose of this paper is to understand available evidence around the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of face mask use in limiting the spread of COVID-19 among individuals who have not yet been diagnosed with COVID-19 and most importantly, to understand the state of knowledge early public health recommendations are based on. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that investigated the use of face masks to limit the spread of COVID-19 among "healthy individuals" in order to understand available evidence using the databases Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Two groups of keywords were combined: Those relating to COVID-19 and face masks. Results: No studies were found, demonstrating a lack of evidence for and against face mask use suggesting implications around early public health recommendations provided to "healthy individuals". Conclusion: Three and a half months into the COVID-19 outbreak (December 2019-2nd week of April 2020), there are no peer-reviewed scientific studies that have investigated the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of face mask use among "healthy individuals" to limit the spread of COVID-19. Yet, very strong public health recommendations have been provided on whether "healthy individuals" should or should not wear face masks to limit the spread of COVID-19 since the beginning of the outbreak. A lack of scientific evidence for and against face mask use heavily questions the basis of public health recommendations provided at a very early, yet a crucial stage of an outbreak. This finding and a further look at early public health recommendations conclude that there is a clear need for more concentrated research around face mask use among healthy individuals and public health recommendations that are evidence-based; precautionary in the absence of evidence; based on benefit-risk assessment; transparent; and globally aligned to provide the most successful guidelines during an infectious disease outbreak.

scholarly journals Opening Doors to Open Science and Scholarship for School Psychology Research, Training, and Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Roberson ◽  
Ryan L. Farmer ◽  
Steven Shaw ◽  
Shelley Upton ◽  
Imad Zaheer
Keyword(s):  
School Psychology ◽  
School Psychologists ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Research Findings

Trustworthy scientific evidence is essential if school psychologists are to use evidence-based practices to solve the big problems students, teachers, and schools face. Open science practices promote transparency, accessibility, and robustness of research findings, which increases the trustworthiness of scientific claims. Simply, when researchers, trainers, and practitioners can ‘look under the hood’ of a study, (a) the researchers who conducted the study are likely to be more cautious, (b) reviewers are better able to engage the self-correcting mechanisms of science, and (c) readers have more reason to trust the research findings. We discuss questionable research practices that reduce the trustworthiness of evidence; specific open science practices; applications specific to researchers, trainers, and practitioners in school psychology; and next steps in moving the field toward openness and transparency.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Behaviors, and Attitudes of Polish Nurses As Compared With Evidence-Based Practice in Relation to the Guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 216495611989756
Author(s):  
Dorota Ozga ◽  
Marzena Jędrzejczyk-Cwanek ◽  
Krystyna Woźniak ◽  
Edyta Niemczyk ◽  
Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
European Resuscitation Council ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
Research Findings

Background The emphasis on Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is taking on new importance as the profession of nursing strives to meet the challenge of defining the direction of health care, promoting optimal outcomes, and ensuring patient safety. Therefore, Evidence-Based Practice has never been more important to nursing than in the current health-care environment. Objective The study was designed to assess the knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of nurses as compared with Evidence-Based Practice in relation to the Guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council. Methods The study covered involved a total of 236 nurses who participated in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation course over a period of 12 months. The nurses who qualified for the study followed a complete study registration procedure. Results The current findings show that the lowest score was achieved in the domain of attitude toward selected Evidence-Based Practice aspects in professional work. Detailed domain questions concerned nurses’ Evidence-Based Practice and its limitations related to procedures, the lack of equipment and personnel issues, as well as the lack of scientific evidence. Furthermore, nurses saw clinical experience as being more valuable than research findings for practical decision-making than research findings, and, according to the respondents, they presented opinions that the best way to assess the effectiveness of an action was through clinical experience. In addition, the nurses gave low scores and tended to underestimate the critical literature review aspect within the domain, along with its significance for the general professional practice, believing that search for scientific evidence alone does not apply into their professional work. Conclusions The validated Polish version of the Evidence-Based Practice profile questionnaire is a reliable instrument. The study demonstrates that nurses are facing a multitude of limitations due to procedures, the lack of equipment, and personnel issues. Currently perceived as very poor, the ability to make critical assessments and synthesize evidence should be improved. According to the nurses, clinical experience cannot be the only and the best way to assess the effectiveness of a given measure.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elaine Howard Ecklund ◽  
David R. Johnson ◽  
Brandon Vaidyanathan ◽  
Kirstin R. W. Matthews ◽  
Steven W. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
National Context ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings

There has been much scholarly work on the interface between science and religion in the United States and the United Kingdom, but little has been done to compare these to other countries and regions around the world. By studying what scientists think about religion in eight national and regional contexts—the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Turkey, India, Hong Kong, and Taiwan—the researchers provide a more global and nuanced view of science and religion around the world. The chapter previews the methodological scope of the research, findings from each national context, and the main claims of the book.

Global Trends in Digital Governance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroon Manoharan ◽  
Marc Fudge ◽  
Marc Holzer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Online Services ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Digital Governance ◽  
Citizen Response

This paper highlights the research findings of a digital governance survey conducted in the fall of 2009. The study replicates previous surveys of large municipalities worldwide in 2007, 2005, and 2003. This longitudinal assessment, focused on the assessment of current practices in municipal e-governance by evaluating their official websites. Specifically, the survey analyzed security, usability, content, the type of online services currently being offered, citizen response, and participation through websites established by city governments worldwide. There were significant changes in the top ranking cities when compared to previous studies. Based on the 2009 evaluation of 87 cities, Seoul, Prague, Hong Kong, New York, and Singapore represent the highest performing cities in digital governance. Moreover, there continues to be a divide in terms of digital governance throughout the world; however, this divide, which increased in 2005, decreased in 2009.

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