scholarly journals Informal and Formal Supports for Former Child Soldiers in Northern Uganda

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Vindevogel ◽  
Michael Wessells ◽  
Maarten De Schryver ◽  
Eric Broekaert ◽  
Ilse Derluyn
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Former Child Soldiers ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

This study aimed to evaluate the potential contribution of informal community initiatives and formal interventions in support of former child soldiers' resilience in the wake of armed conflict. Using a cross-sectional survey design, a stratified random sample of 330 formerly recruited and 677 nonrecruited young people was consulted about their perspective on desirable support for former child soldiers provided by close support figures, communities, humanitarian organizations, and governments. Data analysis occurred by conducting qualitative thematic analysis and statistical chi-square analysis to explore clusters, similarities, and variations in reported support across the different “agents,” hereby comparing the perspectives of formerly recruited and non-recruited participants. The results indicated that formerly recruited and non-recruited participants had comparable perspectives that call for the contribution of various informal and formal support systems to former child soldiers' human capacities and the communal sociocultural fabric of war-affected societies. This highlights the importance of community-based, collective, and comprehensive support of formerly recruited young people and their surroundings in the aftermath of armed conflict.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice of Battery Technicians about Lead Poisoning in the Workplace

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
TajudeenOlusegun Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Utilization of self-protective equipment at the workplace of battery technicians could consequently protect the health of the artisans ‘and prevent lead-related occupational hazards. This study assessed the knowledge of lead poisoning hazards and the rate of utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE)among battery technicians in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This study was a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design. Multistage and systematic sampling technique was used to select N=384 adult battery technicians aged 18 years old and higher. The questionnaire was validated and the reliability established through pilot study. Data were collected and analyzed with chi-square and multiple logistic regressions statistical model using SPSS version 24.No missing N value and hypotheses were tested at p < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: Few participants, 9.9% had good knowledge of lead poisoning hazards, and it indicates a poor level. The rate of utilization of PPE at the workplaces was 18 % which is low. Chi-square analysis of the knowledge of lead poisoning hazard and PPE utilization for battery technicians in the organized and roadside settings were X2=0.1481, p=0.7003, and X²=3.2607, p=0.0709, respectively which isnot statistically significant. Conclusion: Knowledge of lead poisoning hazard influenced the rate of utilization of PPE at the workplace of battery technicians. So, an effort to improve the use of PPE could be done through implementation of occupational safety policy, training and dissemination of information on the threat of lead poisoning for battery technicians to achieve positive behavioral change.

scholarly journals Classroom Attentiveness of Children from Home with Inter Parental Violence in Chamwino District, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Issue 4) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Simion Kaminyoge Ambakisye
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Parental Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated on classroom attentiveness of children from home with inter parental violence in Chamwino, Dodoma, Tanzania. The study employed the cross-sectional survey design whereby 312 out of 652 children from five secondary schools were randomly selected to participate by filling the questionnaire. Chi square test was employed to determine the relationship between violence against mothers and children’s attentiveness at the 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated a significant relationship between parental conflicts and lack of pupils’ adequate concentration in learning. The findings further showed that female children whose mothers are accustomed to violence are more inattentive than male children during the teaching and learning processes. The study recommends that effective intervention strategies such as developing training through psycho education within families, schools and the community be in place.

scholarly journals Analysis of community behavior on garbage disposing in Batang Bakarek-Karek river basin of Padang Panjang

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novriza Yulida ◽  
Agus Suwarni ◽  
Sarto Sarto
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Influential Variable

Community behavior in garbage disposal in Batang Bakarek-Karek river basin of Padang PanjangPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of the people who live around Batang Bakarek-Karek river in disposing of their garbage, which included, knowledge, attitudes, infrastructure, and implementation of government policies of Padang Panjang West Sumatra.MethodsThis research used a cross-sectional survey design. Subjects were breadwinners of the families who live in the watershed of Batang Bakarek-Karek river including 118 people. The independent variables in this study were knowledge, attitude, infrastructures and policy implementation. The dependent variable was waste behavior. Data analysis was performed by using univariate, bivariate analysis with chi-square tests, followed by multivariate analysis using logistic regression tests.ResultsStatistical analysis determined that all the studied variables were significantly related to people's behavior in disposing of their waste, including knowledge, attitude, infrastructure, and policy implementation. The most influential variable on people's behavior in disposing of their waste was their attitude with the value of OR as 7.79. ConclusionAttitude was the most influential variable on people’s behavior in Batang Bakarek-Karek river in disposing of their waste. This research suggests the need for guidance and socialization of waste management policy.

scholarly journals B. Ed. First Year Students’ Motives for Learning English

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Lok Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Learning English

This research article attempts to evaluate B.Ed. first year students’ major motives for learning English A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to accomplish the research study. The twelve questions as a data collection tool were administered to the students across three campuses of Makawanpur District, Nepal in the Academic Year 2019-2020. The study showed that a large number of the students learnt English to have good job opportunities in the country, whereas the smallest number of students  learnt it to be tourist guides. The chi-square tests showed that there was statistically significant association between sex and the motives for learning it, whereas there was no statistically significant association between campuses and motives for learning it. The findings of the research study indicated that students learnt English for fulfilling differing purposes in their life. Their attitude towards learning English was found to be dissimilar.

scholarly journals Effective Use of Remote Learning in Sustaining Teaching and Learning of Fine and Applied Arts in COVID-19 Era in Colleges of Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ifeanyi Ibenegbu ◽  
Juliet Bih Angu
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Colleges Of Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Remote Learning ◽  
Applied Arts

Abstract The study determined how remote learning we can use effectively in sustaining teaching fine and applied arts in colleges of education in Benue State, Kogi State, and Enugu State, Nigeria. We adopted a cross-sectional survey for the study. We used a sample size of 218 respondents for the study. We used a structured questionnaire for the study. We used frequency percentage and Chi-square analysis. We planned and tested four hypotheses. The finding of the study showed that the ICT devices are not available; respondents do not use the effective technique for teaching fine and applied arts in remote learning. The respondents found out that there are challenges concerning the use of technology in the teaching fine and applied arts, and respondents agree on the solutions in mitigating the adverse effect of COVID-19 lockdown on teaching fine and applied arts. We highlighted the educational implications of the findings and the recommendations. We also made some limitations of the study and suggestions for further studies.

scholarly journals Challenges Associated with the Implementation of Knowledge Management in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ruby N. Ike ◽  
Emmanuel K. Agbaeze ◽  
Ben E. Udoh ◽  
Bamidele S. Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Staff Retention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Institutions

This study examined the challenges associated with knowledge management implementation and academic staff retention in selected tertiary institutions in South East, Nigeria. The research design adopted was a cross-sectional survey design. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The population consisted of 7,423 academic staff of the 10 randomly selected institutions in the South East Nigeria. A total sample size of 555 was drawn from the population. The instrument was checked for reliability using Cronbach method and the reliability co-efficient result of 0.915 showed that the instrument had high degree of item reliability. The hypothesis formulated was tested using Friedman chi-square statistics. The findings indicate that there is positive significant challenge in knowledge management implementation and academic staff retention in selected tertiary institution. The study concluded that lack of Knowledge Management implementation has posed a great challenge in academic staff retention in tertiary institutions. It was advised that tertiary institutions in Nigeria should adequately manage the process of knowledge acquisition, sharing and development so as to enjoy a Stella performance

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Secondary Schools Leadership: Promotee and Punjab Public Service Commission' Selectee

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 566-575
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Muhammad Hameed Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Service Commission ◽  
Design In Nature ◽  
Public Service Commission

The study was aimed to check the effectiveness of secondary schools leadership, i.e. promotee and Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) selectees. It was descriptive research and cross-sectional survey design in nature. Population for this study comprised of all 4188 SSTs working under promotes and selectees school leadership across Punjab province. The sample consisted of 648 SSTs selected on a systematic random basis. The opinions were taken from SSTs about their school leadership by a self-developed questionnaire which was based on four points Likert scale. Independent sample t-test and Chi-square tests were applied to analyze the data. The study concluded that Punjab Public Service Commission' selectees school leadership regarding passionate vision, developing a conducive environment and struggle for fostering collaboration are found more effective than promotee school leadership. The study recommends training may be managed for both types of leadership, especially for promotee leaders for better performance.

Knowledge, Practices and Views of Ghanaian Students with Visual Impairment about Hiv/Aids

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. Hayford ◽  
Selete Avoke ◽  
Frederick Ocansey
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractThe study was designed to explore the general knowledge, practices and views of students with visual impairment about HIV/AIDS in order to identify the gaps in students’ knowledge and inform decisions on instructional strategies and materials to improve students’ knowledge. Specifically, the study examined the nature of knowledge students with visual impairment have about HIV/AIDS; described the practices and views of such students about individuals living with HIV/AIDS. The study adopted the descriptive cross-sectional survey design, and used multi-staged stratified, and purposive sampling techniques to select 83 students with visual impairment in two Junior High Schools in Ghana. The participants completed a questionnaire and the researchers adopted descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency distribution, percentages, and chi-square (X2) test, to analyze the data. The findings were that majority of students with visual impairments held correct notion about HIV/AIDS; although, majority of the students understood the mode of transmission of the disease, a significant number of them held misconceptions about the modes of transmission. For example, some of them felt HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through body contact, coughing and sneezing, sharing lavatories and casual kissing as well as blood donation. In terms of views about persons living with HIV/AIDS, there were no variations in the students’ opinions. Furthermore, knowledge about HIV/AIDS has positively influenced the sexual behaviour of majority of students in the study. Chi-square (X2) computation at 0.05 significant level revealed no variations in students’ responses according to sex. Recommendations were suggested to the Ministry of Education, the Ghana Education Service and other organizations for consideration.

scholarly journals Parental Oral Hygiene Knowledge: Investigating the Source for Successful Oral Hygiene Behavior in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed.D. Wallace Moore
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Behavior ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Abstract BackgroundThe deleterious effects of dental caries in children can often be arrested if parents are knowledgeable regarding dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a parent’s level of oral hygiene knowledge and the oral hygiene behaviors of their children ages 7 to 17 in the greater United States.MethodsThe researcher utilized a quantitative descriptive study based on a non-experimental cross-sectional survey design. 103 participants voluntarily responded. To be eligible, participants had to live in the greater United States and have a child between the ages of 7 to 17.ResultsData analysis was completed using inferential statistics while utilizing the chi-square test of independence as the analytical method. The Chi-Square test was used to determine whether a relationship between the parent’s hygiene knowledge and the child’s oral hygiene behaviors existed. Results did reveal an association between the variables, a parent’s hygiene knowledge and their child’s oral health hygiene behaviors upon completion of the chi-square test analysis.ConclusionsThe oral hygiene knowledge of some parents needs to be increased to ensure positive outcomes with their child’s oral hygiene behaviors—information about pit and fissure sealants to aid in the prevention of dental caries for their children would be highly advantageous. Additionally, further studies are warranted to address possible limitations of the child and parental socioeconomic issues.Practical ImplicationsMore schools need to invest in school-based sealant programs to offer parents another alternative to help with the prevention of dental caries in their children.

scholarly journals The impact of Saudi lockdown to counter COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Khaleel I. Alyahya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to assess the impact of awareness of citizens and residents in Saudi Arabia toward the home isolation and social distancing during lockdown that might decrease the outbreak of COVID-19, to measure the importance of social behavior to maintain the constant decline of COVID-19 cases and to determine if there is a difference in the level of awareness and behavior between citizens and residents in Saudi Arabia toward the governmental measures during the pandemic. We have adopted a cross-sectional survey design to investigate the impact of Saudi lockdown on blockade COVID-19 by using an anonymous online questionnaire. The targeted population of the study was Saudi citizens and non-Saudi residents of different ages. The collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel (version 2011) and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23. The Chi-square test with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to examine significant associations between the socio-demographic characteristic of participants, their awareness, and their behavior towards the COVOD-19 pandemic. AP value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The total number of the current study participants was 1168. The majority (70.50%) were married males with children (73.50%). Three-quarters of the participants were equally distributed between the age groups of 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59 years old. Almost all (90.90%) of the participants have received higher education, 73.60% living in the central region, and in large and crowded cities (75.30%). More than half (58.50%) of the Saudi respondents know about the coronavirus from media sources, while for the non-Saudis, 54.50% are well informed regarding the virus. The results of the current study revealed that the majority of the population in the country believe in home isolation and social distancing for the COVID-19 blockade. Additionally, they also consider non-compliance to these measures as one the main factor for the disease outbreak. Most of the participants were committed to home isolation, social distancing, and personal protective measures including wearing masks, gloves, and avoiding face contact.

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