scholarly journals Impacts of Horticultural Mineral Oils and Two Insecticide Practices on Population Fluctuation ofDiaphorina citriand Spread of Huanglongbing in a Citrus Orchard in Sarawak

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Chan Teck Leong ◽  
Fatimah Abang ◽  
Andrew Beattie ◽  
Roland Jui Heng Kueh ◽  
Sing King Wong
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Citrus Disease

Aspects of the incidence and spread of the citrus disease huanglongbing (HLB) in relation to the vectorDiaphorina citripopulation fluctuation were studied from January 1999 to December 2001 seasons in a 0.8 ha citrus orchard at Jemukan (1° 33′N, 110° 41′E), Southwest Sarawak in Malaysia. In relation to insecticide and horticultural mineral oils (HMOs) use, levels of HLB infection rose quite rapidly over the next 3 years in the unsprayed control and less rapidly in the other treatments such as imidacloprid,nC24HMO, and triazophos/cypermethrin/chlorpyrifos. Levels of HLB as determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were 42.2%, 9.4%, 11.4%, and 22.7%, respectively. The effects ofnC24HMO and conventional pesticides on the citrus psyllid population and parasitoids in citrus orchard were also determined.

scholarly journals Development of a Genoserotyping Method for Salmonella Infantis Detection on the Basis of Pangenome Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Seung-Min Yang ◽  
Jiwon Baek ◽  
Eiseul Kim ◽  
Hyeon-Be Kim ◽  
Seyoung Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Substantial Economic Burden

In recent years, Salmonella Infantis has become a predominant serovariant in clinical and poultry isolates, thereby imposing a substantial economic burden on both public health and the livestock industry. With the aim of coping with the steep increase in serovar Infantis prevalence, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based rapid and accurate diagnostic assay was developed in this study through pangenome profiling of 60 Salmonella serovars. A gene marker, SIN_02055, was identified, which is present in the S. Infantis genome but not in the pangenome of the other serovars. Primers specific to SIN_02055 were used to accurately detect serovar Infantis, and to successfully differentiate Infantis from the other 59 serovars in real-time PCR with a R2 of 0.999 and an efficiency of 95.76%. The developed method was applied to 54 Salmonella strains belonging to eight dominant serovars, and distinguished Infantis from the other seven serovars with an accuracy of 100%. The diagnostic primer set also did not show false positive amplification with 32 strains from eight non-Salmonella bacterial species. This cost-effective and rapid method can be considered an alternative to the classic serotyping using antisera.

scholarly journals Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with a recombinant porA gene in Scotland, United Kingdom, 2010 to 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Eastick ◽  
A Winter ◽  
S Jamdar
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Three isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been identified in Scotland in 2010 and 2011, which lack sequences in the porA pseudogene commonly used as the target for confirmatory gonorrhoea polymerase chain reaction assays. Two isolates were clustered temporally and geographically and have the same sequence type and porA sequence. A similar strain was reported in Australia during early 2011. The other Scottish isolate was identified separately and is different in sequence type and porA sequence.

Identification and diagnosis of Leishmania mexicana complex isolates by polymerase chain reaction

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eresh ◽  
S. M. McCallum ◽  
D. C. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
South American ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primers ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYFollowing cloning of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis kinetoplast DNA two recombinant clones were identified: one specific for L. (L.) amazonensis and the other specific for L. (L.) amazonensis and closely related isolates. DNA sequences from these clones were compared with those of other kinetoplastids and oligonucleotide primers were designed to be used in the polymerase chain reaction. A pair of these primers has been shown not only to be highly specific for L. mexicana complex isolates but can also be used to distinguish between L. (L.) mexicana and L. (L.) amazonensis isolates. These primers have been tested with water-lysed cultures, crude DNA extracts from human patients, potential host reservoirs, sandfly vectors and with cell pellets after isoenzyme characterization. The results of these tests indicate that the primers can be used specifically in the presence of excess host DNA originating from the majority of South American countries.

scholarly journals NATURE OF VARIABILITY OF CANDAHARIA LEVANDERI (SIMROTH, 1902) IN THE FERGHANA AND SURKHAN - SHERABAD VALLEYS, UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-555
Author(s):  
Surayyo Sh. Abdurasulova ◽  
◽  
Аbduvaeit P. Pazilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Body Coloration ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Populations

The variability of Candaharia levanderi (Simroth, 1902)(Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Parmacellidae) in two biotopes (southern and northern slopes, the Kampirtepa gorges, the Kugitang Tau ridge) has been investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the implementation of primers, the 18S DNA of the region is amplified, the variability (sharply differing in color) of two populations of C. levanderi is studied. The first population is in the suburbs of Namangan, (Namangan Region); the second population is in Kampirtepa gorges, Kugitang Tau ridge (Surkhandarya Region). It is established that, most often, the variability of morphological signs is observed on the coloration of mollusks. The development of body coloration is an adaptive feature that reflects the adaptability to certain biotopes on the one hand, and landscape and climatic conditions on the other.

Polymerase chain reaction and Q beta replicase amplification

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Cahill ◽  
K Foster ◽  
D E Mahan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Template Molecule ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Signal Component ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Target Sequences

Abstract The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Q beta replicase are two methods in which nucleic acid polymerases are used for amplification. Although these approaches share many similar problems concerning target contamination and probe specificity, they differ dramatically in their mechanisms of action and modes of application. The PCR method amplifies target sequences between two priming oligonucleotides and in essence amplifies a portion of the analyte. Q beta replicase, on the other hand, amplifies a specific template molecule hybridized to target sequences and therefore amplifies a signal component of the system. For this reason, Q beta replicase amplification has applications in areas other than for the detection of nucleic acid sequences. The requirements for application and the advantages of both PCR and Q beta replicase amplification are reviewed.

scholarly journals Vitiligo: analysis of grafting versus curettage alone, using melanocyte morphology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for tyrosinase mRNA

2005 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos D’Aparecida dos Santos Machado Filho ◽  
Fernando Augusto Almeida ◽  
Rodrigo Sestito Proto ◽  
Gilles Landman
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Epidermal Melanocyte ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
De Medicina

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have indicated that vitiligo areas contain inactive or dormant melanocytes. Melanin synthesis is related to tyrosinase presence and indicative of active metabolic state. The aim of this study was to compare repigmentation, epidermal melanocyte distribution and tyrosinase mRNA detection through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, in tissue samples of vitiligo, before and after curettage, with or without subsequent autologous skin graft using a new method. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, in the Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André. METHODS: Two vitiligo areas were curetted. One subsequently received grafted normal sacral autologous skin, whereas the other had no further treatment. The curetted areas were examined after 30 days, to evaluate the degree of repigmentation. The melanocyte percentages and tyrosinase mRNA presence in normal skin and vitiligo areas, before and after curettage and grafting, were compared. RESULTS: Complete repigmentation was seen in all grafted areas, whereas non-grafted curetted vitiligo presented partial repigmentation. The melanocyte percentage in grafted areas was greater than in non-treated vitiligo skin (p = 0.01) and skin with curettage alone (p = 0.015). Tyrosinase mRNA was negative in 93.75% of non-treated vitiligo areas. After treatment (curettage alone or curettage and grafting), all lesions became positive for tyrosinase mRNA. CONCLUSION: Metabolically inactive or dormant melanocytes are probably present within vitiligo areas, and may be activated by exogenous or endogenous stimuli.

Expression of the integrin alpha 6 beta 4 in peripheral nerves: localization in Schwann and perineural cells and different variants of the beta 4 subunit

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Niessen ◽  
O. Cremona ◽  
H. Daams ◽  
S. Ferraresi ◽  
A. Sonnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Integrin Alpha 6

Integrin alpha 6 beta 4 is expressed in human peripheral nerves, but not in the central nervous system. This integrin heterodimer has previously been found in perineural fibroblast-like cells and in Schwann cells (SCs), which both assemble a basement membrane but do not form hemidesmosomes. We show here that in SCs, which had formed a myelin sheath, alpha 6 beta 4 was enriched in the proximity of the nucleus, at Ranvier paranodal areas and at Schmitt-Lanterman clefts; alpha 6 beta 4 was also found at the grooved interface between small axons and non-myelinating SCs. Immunoprecipitation of human peripheral nerves, in combination with Western blotting showed that beta 4 is associated with the alpha 6A subunit. Northern blot analysis of human peripheral nerves showed a single beta 4 transcript of 6 kb. Using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we detected two mRNA species, one for the most common (−70, -53) form of beta 4 and the other encoding the (+53) variant of beta 4. Cultured SCs were devoid of alpha 6 beta 4 but expressed alpha 6 beta 1, indicating that SCs lose beta 4 expression when contact with neurons is lost. Thus, resting SCs in contact with axons express alpha 6A in combination with beta 4, irrespective of myelin formation. We suggest that alpha 6 beta 4 expressed in SCs plays a role in peripheral neurogenesis.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Japanese Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Horita ◽  
Kenicki Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Average Similarity ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cluster 2

The genetic diversity of 74 Japanese strains of Ralstonia solanacearum was assessed by pathogenicity tests and the repetitive sequencebased polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) fingerprint method. Based on their genomic fingerprints, biovar N2 strains were divided into two distinct groups, one consisting of potato isolates belonging to race 3, and the other consisting of tomato, eggplant, pepper, and tobacco isolates belonging to race 1. Biovar 3 strains had low average similarity and were divided into five groups that differed in original host or pathogenicity. Biovar 4 strains consisted of only one group at the 80% similarity level. Comparative analysis of the rep-PCR fingerprints of 78 strains, including six biovars from Japan and various countries, revealed two main clusters. Cluster 1 comprised all biovar 3, 4, and 5 strains, biovar 1 strains from Reunion, and some biovar N2 strains from Japan. Cluster 2 included most of the biovar 1, 2, and N2 strains. The fingerprints showed low average similarity with biovar N2 strains from Japan and Brazil.

Camelid Mucoutaneous Fibropapillomas: Clinicopathologic Findings and Association with Papillomavirus

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Y. Schulman ◽  
A. E. Krafft ◽  
T. Janczewski ◽  
R. Reupert ◽  
K. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Clinicopathologic Findings ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Fibroblastic Proliferation

Five camelid mucocutaneous fibropapillomas with histologic features similar to equine sarcoids were diagnosed. They were characterized by a dermal fibroblastic proliferation and overlying, often ulcerated hyperplastic epidermis with thin rete pegs extending down into the dermis. Two of the tumors came from llamas and three from alpacas. Four of the animals were 6-year-old females. The fifth was a 6-year-old castrated male. The fibropapillomas were located on the nose, lip, and cheeks. One of the llama tumors waxed and waned before surgery and recurred and spread after surgery. None of the other tumors recurred. All five tumors were positive for papillomavirus (PV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction testing. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR product from one of the llama fibropapillomas confirmed a unique PV. This report provides the microscopic and clinical features of fibropapillomas in camelids as well as evidence for a PV etiology.

scholarly journals Genetic Relatedness of 5-Year Isolates of Clostridioides difficile Polymerase Chain Reaction Ribotype 017 Strains in a Hospital

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1229
Author(s):  
Jieun Kim ◽  
Mi-Ran Seo ◽  
Bongyoung Kim ◽  
Jinyeong Kim ◽  
Mi-Hyun Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The objective of this study was to analyse the genetic relatedness of Clostridioides difficile polymerase chain reaction ribotype 017 (RT017) strains from patients with hospital-acquired C. difficile infection (HA-CDI) in a hospital with a high RT017 prevalence. From 2009 to 2013, 200 RT017 strains (26.8%) were collected from 745 HA-CDI patient isolates. They comprised 64 MLVA types, and 197 (98.5%) strains were genetically related to 5 clonal complexes (CCs). The largest cluster, CC-A, included 163 isolates of 40 MLVA types. CC-A accounted for 20% of RT017 strains in 2009 and sharply increased to 94.9% in 2010, 94% in 2011, 86.2% in 2012, and 73.5% in 2013. The other 4 CCs included 20 isolates with 7 MLVA types. The resistance rates of antimicrobials were as follows: clindamycin 100%, moxifloxacin 99%, rifaximin 88.5%, and vancomycin 1%. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and piperacillin/tazobactam. Comparing antibiotic resistance among CCs, the geometric mean of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of moxifloxacin, vancomycin, and piperacillin/tazobactam were significantly higher for CC-A isolates than for the other CCs. RT017 clones constantly evolved over the 5 years studied with regard to genetic relatedness. The levels of antibiotic resistance may contribute to the persistence of organisms in the institution.

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