scholarly journals Uranium in the Surrounding of San Marcos-Sacramento River Environment (Chihuahua, Mexico)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marusia Rentería-Villalobos ◽  
Manuel Reyes Cortés ◽  
Juan Mantero ◽  
Guillermo Manjón ◽  
Rafael García-Tenorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Uranium Deposits ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
San Marcos ◽  
Neighboring Population ◽  
Effective Doses

The main interest of this study is to assess whether uranium deposits located in the San Marcos outcrops (NW of Chihuahua City, Mexico) could be considered as a source of U-isotopes in its surrounding environment. Uranium activity concentrations were determined in biota, ground, and surface water by either alpha or liquid scintillation spectrometries. Major ions were analyzed by ICP-OES in surface water and its suspended matter. For determining uranium activity in biota, samples were divided in parts. The results have shown a possible lixiviation and infiltration of uranium from geological substrate into the ground and surface water, and consequently, a transfer to biota. Calculated annual effective doses by ingestion suggest that U-isotopes in biota could not negligibly contribute to the neighboring population dose. By all these considerations, it is concluded that in this zone there is natural enhancement of uranium in all environmental samples analyzed in the present work.

MEASUREMENT OF THE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF GAMMA EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES IN TOOTHPASTE SAMPLES AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CORRESPONDING ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas M Ababneh ◽  
Qutad M Samarah
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract It is inevitable that we are exposed to radiation daily from various sources and products that we consume on daily basis. The use of toothpaste for oral hygiene is one of the most common daily practices by humans and yet very little data are available regarding its radiation content. In this work, we investigated the concentrations of gamma emitting radionuclides in toothpaste samples consumed in Jordan. 40K and 226Ra were detected in almost one-third of the samples, whereas 228Ra was detected in nearly half of them. The corresponding activity concentrations in the detected samples were in the ranges of 68.7–154.2, 4.6–14.1 and 1.3–10.0 Bq/kg, respectively. Dose assessment of accidental ingestion of toothpaste for children and adults was made, and its contribution to the annual effective dose was found to be very minimal with maximum doses of ~2.9 and 1.3 μSv for children and adults, respectively.

ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES IN SOME COMMERCIAL BOTTLED WATERS FROM PARTS OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
O O ALATISE ◽  
Y S AKINSANYA
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Recommended Level

In this work, the presence of natural radioactivity in bottled waters from parts of south-west Nigeria was investigated. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the water samples were ob-tained using a high-purity germanium detector. The ranges of activity concentrations obtained for 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were 0.15 to 1.25Bq l-1, 0.02 to 2.94Bq l-1 and 6.96 to 46.47 Bq l-1, respectively. 40K has the highest activity concentration in the bottled water samples while 232Th has the least value. The activity concentrations obtained together with ingested dose conversion factors, were used to calculate the annual effective doses for six age groups ranging from < 1 to >17 years. The calculated total annual effective doses (mSvy-1) ranged from 0.01 to 4.16 and the values are age dependent (highest for < 1year and lowest for 7-12years age groups). The results showed that the average annu-al effective dose for 35% of the bottled water brands were below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended level of 0.1 mSvy-1 for drinking water. Furthermore, out of the remaining 65% that were higher than the WHO recommended level, 9% were higher than 1 mSvy-1, which is the radia-tion exposure limit for the general public according to the recommendation of the International Com-mission on Radiological Protection. Consequently, consumption of some of the bottled water brands investigated in this study could constitute radiological hazard especially for the < 1 and 12-17years age groups.

scholarly journals A comparison of the dose from natural radionuclides and artificial radionuclides after the Fukushima nuclear accident

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
Shinji Tokonami ◽  
Yasutaka Omori ◽  
Tetsuo Ishikawa ◽  
Kazuki Iwaoka
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Average Effective Dose

Abstract Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, the evacuees from Namie Town still cannot reside in the town, and some continue to live in temporary housing units. In this study, the radon activity concentrations were measured at temporary housing facilities, apartments and detached houses in Fukushima Prefecture in order to estimate the annual internal exposure dose of residents. A passive radon–thoron monitor (using a CR-39) and a pulse-type ionization chamber were used to evaluate the radon activity concentration. The average radon activity concentrations at temporary housing units, including a medical clinic, apartments and detached houses, were 5, 7 and 9 Bq m −3 , respectively. Assuming the residents lived in these facilities for one year, the average annual effective doses due to indoor radon in each housing type were evaluated as 0.18, 0.22 and 0.29 mSv, respectively. The average effective doses to all residents in Fukushima Prefecture due to natural and artificial sources were estimated using the results of the indoor radon measurements and published data. The average effective dose due to natural sources for the evacuees from Namie Town was estimated to be 1.9 mSv. In comparison, for the first year after the FDNPP accident, the average effective dose for the evacuees due to artificial sources from the accident was 5.0 mSv. Although residents' internal and external exposures due to natural radionuclides cannot be avoided, it might be possible to lower external exposure due to the artificial radionuclides by changing some behaviors of residents.

scholarly journals The effect of human activities on the pollution of water in southwest Giza area, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed M. Abu El Ella ◽  
Ahmed A. Elnazer ◽  
Salman A. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Southwest Giza area is one of the most complicated regions in Egypt because of the combination of agricultural, industrial and urbanization activities with few studies about water resources contamination with heavy metals. In this study, ten surface water samples and eight groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pollution with Fe, Mn, As, Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu. The samples were collected randomly according to the topographic locations and accessibility. The surface water is suitable for both drinking and irrigation use according to its salinity (total dissolved solids, TDS &lt; 500 mg/l) and content of major ions. Unfortunately, some samples contain concentrations of As, Cd, Cu and Pb higher than the WHO drinking water guidelines. The groundwater samples have TDS ranging from 204 to 2,100 mg/l. Also, the groundwater contains higher concentrations of Fe, Mn and As than surface water. The highest concentrations of heavy metals As, Cd and Pb were recorded in the desert fringes and close to the industrial complexes indicating the role of geological sediments in the transportation and migration of pollutants. The unconfined part of the Quaternary aquifer in the desert fringes is more vulnerable to contamination. The results of this study reflect the role of human and industrial activates in polluting water resources with heavy metals, which puts the aquatic environment in the study area under stress.

scholarly journals Sources Identification of Nitrogen Using Major Ions and Isotopic Tracers in Shenyang, China

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Huang ◽  
Mingzhu Liu ◽  
Junjie Wang ◽  
Jiangtao He ◽  
Honghan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Shenyang City ◽  
Hun River ◽  
Reducing Environment ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Stable isotopes are natural tracers that can provide quantitative information about the surface water/groundwater interactions and sources of pollutants in water. In this study, we measured δ18Owater and δ2Hwater and δ18Onitrate and δ15Nnitrate of the samples from the Hun River and groundwater in Shenyang City, China, where the water from the Hun River has a strong discharge and recharge connection with the groundwater. δ18Owater and δ2Hwater were used to determine the amount of surface water that was discharged into groundwater, while δ18Onitrate and δ15Nnitrate were employed to determine the sources of nitrate and ammonium in groundwater, which are the main contaminants in the study area. The reducing environment in groundwater may result from the prevailing iron and manganese, occurring from weathering of minerals and rocks, which prevents the ammonium being oxidized into nitrate. Results show that the amount of recharge from the Hun River into groundwater accounts for around 55.56–86.60% of the total groundwater in the dry season, and the ratio changed to 30.97–63.79% in the wet season. Multiproxy analysis (stable isotope analyses in combination with chemical and hydrogeological data of the study area) indicates that human activities, such as manure and sewage discharge, are the prevailing source of nitrogen in the waters.

scholarly journals Long-term investigation of 137Cs and 134Cs in drinking water in the city of Zagreb, Croatia

Nukleonika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Zdenko Franić ◽  
Gina Branica ◽  
Branko Petrinec ◽  
Gordana Marović
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper presents the results of long-term investigations of 137Cs and 134Cs activity concentrations in drinking water in the city of Zagreb for the period 1987–2018. The highest activity concentrations of both radio-nuclides were measured in 1987, decreasing exponentially ever since, while 134Cs in several subsequent years fell under the detection limit. After the Fukushima Daiichi accident in 2011, the presence of 134Cs in drinking water was detected again. The environmental residence time for 137Cs was estimated to be 8.1 years in drinking water and 5.7 years in fallout. The correlation between 137Cs in fallout and in drinking water is very good, and this indicates that fallout is the main source of water contamination. The observed 134Cs/137Cs activity ratio in drinking water for the post-Chernobyl period was similar to the ratio found in other environmental samples. The estimation of annual effective doses received by the adult members of the Croatian population due to the intake of radiocaesium in drinking water showed quite small doses of 0.28 μSv in 1987 decreasing to 2.5 nSv in 2018, which indicated that drinking water was not a critical pathway for the transfer of radiocaesium to humans.

scholarly journals Research on Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Transformation Relationships between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Weihe River

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Qu ◽  
Shibao Lu ◽  
Zhipeng Gao ◽  
Wujin Li ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Piper Trilinear Diagram ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
Δd And Δ18o

Abstract. The transforming relationship between surface water and groundwater as well as their origins are the basis for studying the transport of pollutants in river-groundwater systems. A typical section of the river was chosen to sample the surface water and shallow groundwater. Then, a Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, ratios of major ions, factor analysis, cluster analysis and other methods were used to investigate the hydrogeochemical evolution of surface water and groundwater and determine the formation of hydrogeochemical components in different water bodies. Based on the distribution characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes δD and δ18O and discharge hydrograph separation methods, the relationship between surface water and groundwater in the Weihe River was analyzed. The results indicated that the river water is a SO4·Cl—Na type and that the groundwater hydrogeochemical types are not the same. The dominant anions are HCO3− in the upstream reaches and are SO42− and Cl− in downstream reaches. Hydrogeochemical processes include evaporation and concentration, weathering of rocks, ion exchange, and dissolution infiltration reactions. The δD and δ18O of surface water change little along the river and are more enriched than are those of the groundwater. With the influences of precipitation, irrigation, river recharge and evaporation, the δD and δ18O of shallow groundwater at different sections are not the same. There is a close relationship between the surface water and groundwater. Surface water supplies the groundwater, which provides the hydrodynamic conditions for the entry of pollutants into the aquifer.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF MAJOR ION CONCENTRATIONS FOR THE PREDICTION OF STABLE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION IN SURFACE WATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kai Chen ◽  
Linhua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Optimal Subset ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
O Isotopes ◽  
Subset Regression

The δ2H and δ18O values in water bodies are essential to the management of water resources because of the ability to insight into hydrological processes. In this study, we have measured and analyzed the major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, SO24– and HCO–3 ) and stable H-O isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) for fifteen surface water samples collected from the Xinbian River in Suzhou, northern Anhui Province, China. The results show that all of the water samples are classified to be Na-HCO3 type, and the mean values of δ2H and δ18O are –42.93‰ and –5.36‰, respectively. Gibbs diagram and the relationship between δ2H and δ18O indicate that both water chemistry and stable isotopes in river water are mainly controlled by evaporation. Correlation analysis reveals that a significant correlation between major ions and δ18O. Predictors (K+, SO24– and HCO–3 ) have been selected by optimal subset regression analysis were used to model the δ18O values in the river water. Moreover, the residuals of the model were normally distributed and values between –0.2‰ to 0.2‰ for most water samples, suggesting a strong relationship between the observed and predicted δ18O values.

scholarly journals The activity concentrations of 222Rn in some groundwater wells, Najran City, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayseer Al-Naggar ◽  
Ayman Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Radon Exhalation Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Passive Measurement ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Linear Correlations ◽  
Groundwater Wells ◽  
Radon Concentrations

In this work, the radon exhalation rate, effective radium content and radiation doses from some groundwater wells in Najran City, Saudi Arabia, were addressed and discussed in detail. This survey of radon concentrations in the groundwater was carried out using the passive measurement technique, where the radon gas passively diffuses into the detector. The obtained results revealed that the radon exhalation rate in terms of area and mass exhibits linear correlations with effective radium in groundwater (correlation coefficient R2 = 1). Also, the majority of radon concentrations are within the UNSCEAR 1993 permitted level and the average annual effective doses obtained for radium and radon are 180 ?Sv and 860 ?Sv, respectively.

Occupational exposure to natural radioactivity in some factories in Suez City

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-575
Author(s):  
H. A. Abdel Ghany ◽  
A. El-Shershaby ◽  
A. Sroor ◽  
M. Abdel-Samei
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rates ◽  
High Resolution Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Radioactivity Measurements

This work presents the results of the absorbed dose rates and estimated effective doses of the surface soils samples collected from different factories in the industrial region of Suez City, Egypt using high resolution gamma spectrometry system (HpGe) detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K in fertilizer factories were: 74.54 ± 3.7, 26.54 ± 1.3, 14.68 ± 0.73 and 233 ± 11.68 Bq kg−1, respectively, in Ceramic factories were: 75.91 ± 3.7, 31.35 ± 1.56, 20.34 ± 1.01 and 255 ± 12.76 Bq kg−1, respectively, in textile factories were: 121 ± 6.07, 36.22 ± 1.81, 25.80 ± 1.29 and 1076 ± 53.83 Bq kg−1, respectively, in oil factories were: 76.24 ± 3.81, 25.90 ± 1.29, 15.26 ± 0.7 and 266 ± 13.31 Bq kg−1, respectively, and in steel factory were: 79.72 ± 3.98, 35.22 ± 1.76, 11.95 ± 0.59 and 163 ± 8.16 Bq kg−1, respectively. The calculated absorbed dose rates in factories were: 31.13 ± 1.55, 37.86 ± 1.89, 79.04 ± 3.95, 32.64 ± 1.63 and 29.99 ± 1.49 nGy h−1, respectively. Also, the annual effective dose in the above factories were: 0.03 ± 0.001, 0.04 ± 0.002, 0.09 ± 0.004, 0.03 ± 0.001 and 0.036 ± 0.001 mSv y−1, respectively. Also, the exposure of workers to radon was studied using solid state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). The results indicate that feeding materials variably affect the radioactivity measurements of the surface soil in different factories.

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