scholarly journals EnteropathogenicEscherichia coliAssociated with Diarrhea in Children in Cairo, Egypt

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2613-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman K. Behiry ◽  
Emad A. Abada ◽  
Entsar A. Ahmed ◽  
Rania S. Labeeb
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
One Year ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

In this study we isolate and identify the EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) causing diarrhea in children less than five years in Cairo, Egypt, during different seasons. Children younger than five years with diarrhea, attending the Pediatric Gastroenterology Intensive Care Unit of the Cairo University Pediatric Hospital in one year period were our group of study. Our control group was age and sex matched concurrent healthy children. The identifiedE. coliisolates were subjected to antimicrobial disc diffusion susceptibility test and further identified for EPEC serotype by slide agglutination test, using antiserumE. colisomatic trivalent I (O111, O55, O26) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. Out of 134 patients 5.2% of them revealed EPEC in the fecal sample, while the 20 children control group showed no EPEC isolates in their samples. Our EPEC frequency showed variations from the compared results of other studies. Higher rate of EPEC (18.7%) was found in patients between 2 to 3 years, while EPEC rate was (7.5%) in patients less than 6 months old, with . EPEC was identified from fecal specimens as a unique pathogen or associated with other pathogens in acute and chronic diarrhea in children. EPEC were detected in all seasons except in winter, and was predominant in summer season. Four (57%) EPEC isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ticarcillin, and cotrimoxazole, and (14.3%) to the third generation cephalosporins.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity, ESBL production and Prevalence of blaSHV and blaOXA genes in Escherichia coli from Urinary Tract Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Marufa Zerin Akhter ◽  
Md Molin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Third ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Ninety five Escherichia coli isolates from diagnosed urinary tract infections were examined for antibiotic resistance, ESBL production and the presence of two ESBL producing genes blaSHV and blaOXA. It was observed that the prevalence of UTI was most in ages between 19 to 45 years. All the isolates were resistant against different antibiotics including the third generation cephalosporins. Resistance against ciprofloxacin, the frequently prescribed drug was 82%. Only meropenem and nitrofurantoin showed greater sensitivity towards the isolates showing 13 % and 33 % resistance respectively. The resistances were 90, 86, 82 , 79 , 78, 76, 75, 75, 74, 73, 72, 68, 33 and for amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, amoxiclav, ceftazidime, netilmicin, aztreonam, gentamicin, amikacin, nitrofurantoin and meropenem respectively. Thirtyone isolates were randomly selected for detection of ESBL Production by double disc diffusion synergy test. Twenty one isolates (67.74%) were positive in ESBL production. PCR experiments were carried out using the 21 ESBL positive E. coli isolates to examine the presence of two ESBL genes namely blaSHV and blaOXA. All (100%) of the 21 isolates showed the presence of blaOXA gene, whereas 8 (38%) isolates among the 21 showed the presence of blaSHV gene.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 65-70

Increased Tissue Factor Bearing Microparticles in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morayma Reyes ◽  
Wayne Leslie Chandler ◽  
Sandra Watkins ◽  
Jody Mooney ◽  
Phillip Tarr
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Abstract Microparticles (MP) are circulating cellular fragments that are increased in thrombotic conditions including TTP, antiphospholipid syndrome, and HIT. Tissue factor (TF)-bearing MP are thought to be procoagulant in these conditions. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and renal failure secondary to glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy. In children, HUS most often occurs after infection with E. coli O157H7. It is hypothesized that E. coli verotoxin injures renal and other endothelium leading to activation of hemostasis, thrombotic microangiopathy and HUS. We studied 56 children at the time of presentation with bloody diarrhea associated with E. coli O157H7 infection (typically day 4 of illness) prior to developing HUS, and 5 healthy children as controls. Subsequently 14 children (Pre-HUS) went on to develop HUS while 42 (Uncomplicated) resolved their illness without developing HUS. We also studied 15 children that presented with already developed HUS (HUS group). We analyzed the total number of MPs, percent of TF-bearing microparticles and their cellular derivation using a 5-color flow cytometry assay. Endothelial-derived MP are identified as positive for CD144 (Ve-Cad)-PE, monocyte-derived MP are positive for CD14-PE-Cy7, and platelet derived MP are positive for CD41a-PerCP. MPs were collected from plasma by ultracentrifugation (100,000g). MPs were defined based on size (0.5–1 um) and strong annexin V binding. The MP distribution in the control group was similar to reports by others: 204 ±98 ×103 MPs/mL of plasma (55% platelet-, 5% endothelial- and 15% monocyte-derived), only 2.6% of MP express TF. The MP distribution in Uncomplicated was 996 ±766 ×103 MPs/mL (36% plat-, 11% endo- and 15% mono-derived) and 5.4% express TF; while pre-HUS showed 1197±1108 ×103 MPs/mL (21% plat-, 12% endo- and 11% mono-derived) and 8.2% express TF. The MP distribution in the HUS group was 1183±949 ×103 MPs/mL (45% plat-, 15% endo- and 19% mono-derived) and 10.9% express TF. Compared to controls, children infected with E. coli O157H7 showed a higher number of total MPs (p<0.02, Mann Whitney) and a higher number of tissue factor bearing MP (p<0.004). Compared to the Uncomplicated group, the pre-HUS group showed fewer platelet MPs (p<0.04). Progression from Pre-HUS to HUS is characterized by increased number of TF-bearing MP distributed in all cellular populations (p<0.01). In a prior study the pre-HUS group showed increased hemostatic activation as indicated by higher levels of F1.2 and D-dimer. We conclude that E. coli 0157:H7 infection results in increased microparticle production versus controls, and increased tissue factor positive microparticles. Development of HUS is associated with further increases in tissue factor positive microparticles, which correlates with the increased hemostatic activation observed in previous studies, suggesting a pathologic role for the release TF-bearing MP in HUS. Interestingly, Pre-HUS patients show reduced numbers of platelet derived microparticles versus uncomplicated patients that resolve without developing HUS, but when HUS develops the number of TF-bearing MP increases. Whether this reduction of platelet-derived microparticles preceding HUS development results from increased binding of MP to endothelium or reduced production of MP in pre-HUS are ongoing studies that may shed some light into the pathogenesis of HUS.

scholarly journals Prevalence of enteropathogens in normal feces from healthy children at an infant day care in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Moura ◽  
Maria Clara Duarte Fregolente ◽  
Isabel Julien Martini ◽  
Daniela Ferreira Domingos ◽  
Erivaldo José da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: The diarrhea associated with gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting mainly infants. The characterization of both viral and bacterial agents associated with gastroenteritis can establish policies for surveillance, prevention and treatment of infections. Group A rotaviruses are the major infectious agent associated with dehydration in children, followed by pathotypes of Escherichia coli. There are three main types of clinical infections caused by E. coli strains that have acquired virulence genes: (i) enteric and diarrheal diseases, (ii) urinary tract infections, and (iii) sepsis and meningitis. Methodology: In this study, the objective was to identify the presence of rotavirus and diarrhogenic E. coli in the feces of children 4 to 14 months of age who displayed no gastroenteritis symptoms and stayed all day in a day-care center. We analyzed 188 samples using PAGE and PCR to identify rotaviruses and E. coli virulence genes, respectively. Results: Thirty-six samples (19.1%) were positive for at least one pathotype of E. coli. Nineteen were identified to be of the EPEC group and fifteen of the EAEC group. Rotaviruses were not identified. Conclusions: As EPEC and EAEC are potential pathogens for children less than one year of age or immunocompromised individuals, our results show the importance of appropriate monitoring by public health agencies.  In the situation that we have studied, children can be considered asymptomatic carriers of these pathogens and can transmit them to other susceptible children.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of The 10 Warning Signs In Immunodeficient Patients: Additional Suggestions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadime Ceyda Eldeniz ◽  
Yahya Gül ◽  
Alaattin Yorulmaz ◽  
Şükrü Nail Güner ◽  
Sevgi Keles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Physician Awareness ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Immunological Evaluation

Abstract Objective: Ten warning signs of primary immunodeficiency (PID) were suggested by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF), to increase physician awareness of PID. These warning signs have not yet been evaluated for patients with secondary immunodeficiency (SID). This study investigated whether the 10 warning signs used for the diagnosis of PID are sufficient for the diagnosis of SID, and explored the possibility of additional signs.Methods: This prospective study was conducted between June and December 2020. The mothers of 162 patients with PID and SID, and mothers of 200 healthy children, were asked to complete a questionnaire about family and personal history in addition to the warning signs of PID developed by the JMF. A JMF score was created by giving one point for each “Yes” answer for the 10 warning signs of PID. Medical records of the patients were evaluated for possible additional warning signs for PID and SID. Results: The JMF scores of the PID (3.36 ± 1.65) and SID (3.72 ± 1.12) groups were significantly higher than the scores of the control group (0.34 ± 0.61) (p < 0.05). A sign for immunological evaluation in two patients without warning signs in the PID group was found to be chronic diarrhea. In addition to the 10 JMF warning signs, we found that consanguinity and a family history of tuberculosis were statistically significant in our PID group, compared with the SID and control groups. Conclusions: The JMF warning signs are important for early diagnosis of PID. Our study showed that these signs may also be used for the early diagnosis of SID in patients and, according to our results, in addition to the 10 JMF signs for PID, parental consanguinity, chronic diarrhea, and a family history of tuberculosis may also be considered warning signs for the early diagnosis of PID.

scholarly journals Association between Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Shin ◽  
Jiyoung Lee ◽  
Jueun Lee ◽  
Eun-Hee Ha
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Year

Environmental factors may play roles in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and some studies have shown that air pollution was associated with the development of autoimmune disease. This study was designed to investigate the effect of air pollutants on the development of adult RA. A nested case-control cohort study was performed using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort during 2002–2014 in Korea. Air pollution data were collected from the National Ambient Air Monitoring System (NAMIS), and exposure levels were extrapolated using geographic information systems. The group with RA (n = 444) was compared with a propensity score-matched control group (n = 1776), and one-year average concentrations of air pollution were predicted at each patient’s residence. The adjusted binary logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between O3 exposure and the incidence risk of RA for the third (odds ratios (OR) = 1.45, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.08–1.96) and fourth (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00–1.83) quartiles in adults over 20 years of age. The third quartile CO exposure was also associated with an increased risk of RA (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16–2.12). The results of this nationwide population-based study showed that a one-year exposure to CO and O3 in adults was associated with an increased risk of RA.

Long-term outcomes of laser coagulation of feto-fetal anastomoses in monochorionic twins

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
A.E. Bugerenko ◽  
◽  
Zh.Yu. Kunyakh ◽  
O.B. Panina ◽  
Yu.S. Mirakyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Laser Coagulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery ◽  
One Year ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective. To evaluate long-term outcomes of fetoscopic laser coagulation (FLC) of placental anastomoses in monochorionic twins with feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS). Patients and methods. The experimental group included live infants after FLC born to 76 women between 2012 and 2017. The control group comprised monochorionic, diamniotic (MCDA) twins with no complications born to 109 women. The following criteria were used in the analysis: gestational age at FLC, FFTS stage (Quintero staging system), gestational age at delivery, and delivery method. During follow-up, we analyzed children’s data at birth and at the age of one and three years. Results. The number of healthy children and children with minimal health problems in the experimental group was 106 (84.8%) by the age of one year and 112 (89.6%) by the age of 3 years. Nineteen children (15.2%) were disabled at the age of one year; by 3 years of age, their number decreased to 13 (10.4%). In the control group, 2 participants (1.8%) had neurological disabilities. Conclusion. The majority of children born after FLC were healthy and socially adapted. The most common disorders after FLC were neurological disorders (8.8%), cardiovascular disorders (14.8%), retinopathy of prematurity (15.7%), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (10%). The main factor affecting the development of complications in these children was gestational age at delivery. The optimal gestational age was 33–35 weeks, when the risk of disability was similar to that in MCDA twins without complications. Key words: monochorionic twins, feto-fetal transfusion syndrome, fetoscopy

scholarly journals "The Big Sister Model in Educational Training” The Art of Mentoring and fellow Mentoring" (BSM)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Warda Sada-Gerges (PhD )
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
Student Mentor

In an ongoing search for new models to streamline college training and mentoring, a different training model was developed called the "Big Sister Model". This model was experienced for five years in the kindergarten-training program at the Kay College of education in Israel. Within this model, two female students are trained in each kindergarten: one in the third college year and the other in the second. Together with kindergarten staff, the two students plan the class curriculum and activities. A third-year student, who possess additional one year experience in practicing (veteran), has the opportunity to mentor a 2nd year student who also has the opportunity to observe the training of the third year and get more experience. This process provides a good staff relationship and develops interpersonal relations based on social and psychological elements, which points to a huge positive change in behavior, interpersonal relations and its motivations. In peer mentoring, the mentor accompanies, analyzes, supports, instructs, empowers and provides necessary knowledge in the mentoring process. It undergoes a process of empowerment, leadership, and success (Power et Al, 2011). This study is a continuous action research that aims at examining the effectiveness of the “Big sister” training model. When a third-year student mentors a second-year student, her personality will be accordingly empowered. Moreover, she is exposed to another year of the second year training program, once when she receives guidance in the second year and once more as a 3rd year student mentor. The second-year student enjoys continuous training throughout the day with a close colleague in addition to the training teacher and pedagogical mentor. In addition, she reveals the contents and skills of the third year allowing her ongoing internalization over time all third-year program. In the effectiveness of the training, we also sought to deeply examine the areas that this model promotes and strengthens as well as, how much the students perceive it as a training benefactor compared to the regular model in a control group.

scholarly journals CTX-M-Producing Escherichia coli in Lithuania: Associations Between Sites of Infection, Coresistance, and Phylogenetic Groups

Medicina ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė Giedraitienė ◽  
Astra Vitkauskienė ◽  
Virginija Ašmonienė ◽  
Rita Plančiūnienė ◽  
Sandrita Šimonytė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group A ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
M 14

Increasing resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to antibiotics, especially to the third-generation cephalosporins, has prompted studies on widespread resistance genes such as blaCTX-M and differentiation of E. coli to phylogenetic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between the CTX-M type and the phylogenetic group, the site of infection, and coresistance in Lithuanian E. coli isolates producing β-lactamases. Material and Methods. A total of 90 E. coli ESBL strains were recovered from the lower respiratory tract, the urinary tract, sterile body sites, wounds, and other body sites between 2008 and 2012. The E. coli isolates resistant to at least 2 antibiotics with different modes of action along with resistance to cefotaxime were considered as multiresistant. The blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaOXA-1, and blaSHV genes, the phylogenetic groups, and the resistance profiles were analyzed. Results. Of the 90 isolates, 84 (93.3%) were classified as multiresistant and 6 (6.6%) as resistant. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was the most prevalent gene followed by the blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-92 genes. The logistic regression analysis revealed the associations between CTX-M-15 and resistance to ceftriaxone, between CTX-M-14 and resistance to cefoxitin, aztreonam, ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and tobramycin, and between CTX-M-92 and resistance to cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Conclusions. The results of this study showed a significant association between CTX-M-15, CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-92 β-lactamases and resistance to some antibiotics as well as CTX‑M-14 β-lactamase and phylogenetic group A in the Lithuanian population. The associations between the CTX-M type and the site of infection were not determined.

scholarly journals Effect of Strontium Chloride on Experimental Bladder Inflammation in Rat

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esat Korgali ◽  
Gokce Dundar ◽  
Kubra Acikalin Coskun ◽  
Melih Akyol ◽  
Yusuf Tutar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strontium Chloride ◽  
Sensory Irritation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Definitive Therapy ◽  
Potential Use

Introduction. Strontium salts are anti-irritants for chemically induced sensory irritation. Interstitial cystitis is a painful disease without definitive therapy. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of strontium in bladder with experimental interstitial cystitis model. Material and Methods. Rats’ bladders in control group were instilled with NaCl. Second group was instilled with E. coli LPS. Third group was instilled with strontium. Fourth group was initially instilled with strontium and then LPS. Fifth group was instilled with LPS initially and then strontium. Urine of rats was collected at the beginning and end of the study. Results. Histamine and TNF-α changes were statistically significant in the second group but were not significant in the third group. When we compared the histamine levels of second via fourth and fifth groups the changes were statistically not significant. When we compared the TNF-α levels of second via fourth and fifth groups the changes were statistically significant. Conclusions. In our model, strontium did not make any significant changes in histopathology or histamine levels; however, it significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α. Given the role of TNF-α in the physiopathology of interstitial cystitis, these results suggested that further studies are required to evaluate the potential use of strontium in the management of interstitial cystitis.

scholarly journals Study of some Impact Of Enterococcus faecium As Probiotic On Chick 1- Body Weight And Pathological Changes In Air Sacs And Intestine

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Emad J. Khamas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Third ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of Enteococcus faecium as probiotic in layer chicks,this bacteria was given in feed at a dose rate of 1.5 gm per kg feed, each kg offeed contained 5×1011 cfu along the period of the study (57 days). 150 one dayold males were divided into five groups, 30 males each. The 1st group was giventhe probiotic only in the feed, the 2nd group was given the probiotic and exposedto high temperature and bad ventilation as a stress, and the third group wasgiven the probiotic with chlortetracycline in feed while the fourth group wasgiven the probiotic and then infected with E. coli on 21 day of age and the fifthgroup was given feed with out probiotic as the control group. The resultsshowed that there was increase in body weight especially in the last weeks of theexperiment. Turbidity of the air sacs was mild in the four group compared withcontrol. Intestinal villi became elongated due to using of probiotic and there wasless sloughing compared with control, and those groups showed resistancetoward E. coli infection.

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