scholarly journals Mass spectrometric quantification of the adaptations in the wall proteome of Candida albicans in response to ambient pH

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna J. Sosinska ◽  
Leo J. de Koning ◽  
Piet W. J. de Groot ◽  
Erik M. M. Manders ◽  
Henk L. Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Semi Solid

The mucosal layers colonized by the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans differ widely in ambient pH. Because the properties and functions of wall proteins are probably pH dependent, we hypothesized that C. albicans adapts its wall proteome to the external pH. We developed an in vitro system that mimics colonization of mucosal surfaces by growing biomats at pH 7 and 4 on semi-solid agarose containing mucin as the sole nitrogen source. The biomats expanded radially for at least 8 days at a rate of ∼30 μm h−1. At pH 7, hyphal growth predominated and growth was invasive, whereas at pH 4 only yeast and pseudohyphal cells were present and growth was noninvasive. Both qualitative mass spectrometric analysis of the wall proteome by tandem mass spectrometry and relative quantification of individual wall proteins (pH 7/pH 4), using Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS) and a reference mixture of 15N-labelled yeast and hyphal walls, identified similar sets of >20 covalently linked wall proteins. The adhesion proteins Als1 and Als3, Hyr1, the transglucosidase Phr1, the detoxification enzyme Sod5 and the mammalian transglutaminase substrate Hwp1 (immunological detection) were only present at pH 7, whereas at pH 4 the level of the transglucosidase Phr2 was >35-fold higher than at pH 7. Sixteen out of the 22 proteins identified by FT-MS showed a greater than twofold change. These results demonstrate that ambient pH strongly affects the wall proteome of C. albicans, show that our quantitative approach can give detailed insights into the dynamics of the wall proteome, and point to potential vaccine targets.

scholarly journals Holospiniferoside: A New Antitumor Cerebroside from The Red Sea Cucumber Holothuria spinifera: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Enas E. Eltamany ◽  
Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen ◽  
Dina M. Hal ◽  
Amany K. Ibrahim ◽  
Hashim A. Hassanean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Red Sea Cucumber

Chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the Red Sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera led to the isolation of a new cerebroside, holospiniferoside (1), together with thymidine (2), methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (3), a new triacylglycerol (4), and cholesterol (5). Their chemical structures were established by NMR and mass spectrometric analysis, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). All the isolated compounds are reported in this species for the first time. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited promising in vitro antiproliferative effect on the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) with IC50 of 20.6 µM compared to the IC50 of 15.3 µM for the drug cisplatin. To predict the possible mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of compound 1, a docking study was performed to elucidate its binding interactions with the active site of the protein Mdm2–p53. Compound 1 displayed an apoptotic activity via strong interaction with the active site of the target protein. This study highlights the importance of marine natural products in the design of new anticancer agents.

scholarly journals Cell Wall-Related Bionumbers and Bioestimates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans M. Klis ◽  
Chris G. de Koster ◽  
Stanley Brul
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point

ABSTRACTBionumbers and bioestimates are valuable tools in biological research. Here we focus on cell wall-related bionumbers and bioestimates of the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand the polymorphic, pathogenic fungusCandida albicans. We discuss the linear relationship between cell size and cell ploidy, the correlation between cell size and specific growth rate, the effect of turgor pressure on cell size, and the reason why using fixed cells for measuring cellular dimensions can result in serious underestimation ofin vivovalues. We further consider the evidence that individual buds and hyphae grow linearly and that exponential growth of the population results from regular formation of new daughter cells and regular hyphal branching. Our calculations show that hyphal growth allowsC. albicansto cover much larger distances per unit of time than the yeast mode of growth and that this is accompanied by strongly increased surface expansion rates. We therefore predict that the transcript levels of genes involved in wall formation increase during hyphal growth. Interestingly, wall proteins and polysaccharides seem barely, if at all, subject to turnover and replacement. A general lesson is how strongly most bionumbers and bioestimates depend on environmental conditions and genetic background, thus reemphasizing the importance of well-defined and carefully chosen culture conditions and experimental approaches. Finally, we propose that the numbers and estimates described here offer a solid starting point for similar studies of other cell compartments and other yeast species.

Direct analysis of herbicides by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 9808-9816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Reeber ◽  
Sneha Gadi ◽  
Sung-Ben Huang ◽  
Gary L. Glish
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Paper Spray ◽  
Paper Spray Ionization ◽  
Rapid Mass

Paper spray ionization enables the rapid mass spectrometric analysis of environmental samples without the use of chromatography or sample cleanup techniques.

scholarly journals Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Multiple Pertussis Toxins and Toxoids

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulanda M. Williamson ◽  
Hercules Moura ◽  
David Schieltz ◽  
Jon Rees ◽  
Adrian R. Woolfitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Disease ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Quantification Method ◽  
Major Virulence Factor

Bordetella pertussis(Bp) is the causative agent of pertussis, a vaccine preventable disease occurring primarily in children. In recent years, there has been increased reporting of pertussis. Current pertussis vaccines are acellular and consist of Bp proteins including the major virulence factor pertussis toxin (Ptx), a 5-subunit exotoxin. Variation in Ptx subunit amino acid (AA) sequence could possibly affect the immune response. A blind comparative mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of commercially available Ptx as well as the chemically modified toxoid (Ptxd) from licensed vaccines was performed to assess peptide sequence and AA coverage variability as well as relative amounts of Ptx subunits. Qualitatively, there are similarities among the various sources based on AA percent coverages and MS/MS fragmentation profiles. Additionally, based on a label-free mass spectrometry-based quantification method there is differential relative abundance of the subunits among the sources.

scholarly journals Anti-Candidal Activity and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Graphene Nanoplatelets Decorated with Zinc Oxide Nanorods

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziella Ficociello ◽  
Maria De Caris ◽  
Giusy Trillò ◽  
Domenico Cavallini ◽  
Maria Sarto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Biofilm Development

Candida albicans is the most common pathogenic fungus that is isolated in nosocomial infections in medically and immune-compromised patients. The ability of C. albicans to convert its form from yeast to hyphal morphology contributes to biofilm development that effectively shelters Candida against the action of antifungals molecules. In the last years, nanocomposites are the most promising solutions against drug-resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of graphene nanoplateles decorated with zinc oxide nanorods (ZNGs) against the human pathogen Candida albicans. We observed that ZNGs were able to induce a significant mortality in fungal cells, as well as to affect the main virulence factors of this fungus or rather the hyphal development and biofilm formation. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation in yeast cells resulted one of the mechanisms of ZNGs to induce mortality. Finally, the toxicity of this nanomaterial was tested also on human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Our data indicated that ZNGs resulted not toxic when their aggregation state decreased by adding glycerol as emulsifier to ZNGs suspensions or when HaCaT cells were grown on ZNGs-coated glasses. Overall, the results that were obtained indicated that ZNGs could be exploited as an antifungal nanomaterial with a high degree of biocompatibility on human cells.

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