scholarly journals Exploring the geochemical distribution of organic carbon in early land plants: a novel approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 373 (1739) ◽  
pp. 20160499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey D. Abbott ◽  
Ian W. Fletcher ◽  
Sabrina Tardio ◽  
Ethan Hack
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Terrestrialization depended on the evolution of biosynthetic pathways for biopolymers including lignin, cutin and suberin, which were concentrated in specific tissues, layers or organs such as the xylem, cuticle and roots on the submillimetre scale. However, it is often difficult, or even impossible especially for individual cells, to resolve the biomolecular composition of the different components of fossil plants on such a scale using the well-established coupled techniques of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Here, we report the application of techniques for surface analysis to investigate the composition of Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of two different spots (both 300 µm × 600 µm) confirmed the presence of carbon. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) revealed ‘chemical maps’ (imaging mode with 300 nm resolution) of aliphatic and aromatic carbon in the intact fossil that correlate with the vascular structures observed in high-resolution optical images. This study shows that imaging ToF-SIMS has value for determining the location of the molecular components of fossil embryophytes while retaining structural information that will help elucidate how terrestrialization shaped the early evolution of land plant cell wall biochemistry. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisited’.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Blended Asian Lacquers Using ToF–SIMS, Py–GC/MS and HPLC

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Hye Hyun Yu ◽  
Jung-Ah Lim ◽  
Seung Wook Ham ◽  
Kang-Bong Lee ◽  
Yeonhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Tof Sims

Asian lacquer is a special polymeric material tapped from lacquer trees. The tree’s sap is a complex mixture of compounds, such as catechol lipids, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, enzymes, and water. Researchers have not yet quantitatively analyzed blended lacquers. We evaluated the compositions of Japanese and Vietnamese lacquers, and blends of the two, using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS), pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ToF–SIMS provided quantitative results for blended lacquers; provided structural information on polymeric lacquer films; and indicated the presence of dimers of urushiol–urushiol, urushiol–laccol, and laccol–laccol derivatives. We used Py–GC/MS and HPLC to obtain linear calibration curves. The specific peak intensity was a linear function of the ratio of Japanese to Vietnamese lacquer in the blends. For an unknown mixture, all three techniques gave essentially the same results. These quantitative methods will be useful for improving the physical properties of polymeric lacquer films, and evaluating the lacquer quality in industry and historic conservation.

Applications of Time-OF-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Bruno Schueler ◽  
Robert W. Odom
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Secondary Ions ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) provides unique capabilities for elemental and molecular compositional analysis of a wide variety of surfaces. This relatively new technique is finding increasing applications in analyses concerned with determining the chemical composition of various polymer surfaces, identifying the composition of organic and inorganic residues on surfaces and the localization of molecular or structurally significant secondary ions signals from biological tissues. TOF-SIMS analyses are typically performed under low primary ion dose (static SIMS) conditions and hence the secondary ions formed often contain significant structural information.This paper will present an overview of current TOF-SIMS instrumentation with particular emphasis on the stigmatic imaging ion microscope developed in the authors’ laboratory. This discussion will be followed by a presentation of several useful applications of the technique for the characterization of polymer surfaces and biological tissues specimens. Particular attention in these applications will focus on how the analytical problem impacts the performance requirements of the mass spectrometer and vice-versa.

Characterization of hydrogenated graphite powder by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (84) ◽  
pp. 80649-80654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Xie ◽  
Kai Mo Ng ◽  
Lu-Tao Weng ◽  
Chi-Ming Chan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion

Hydrogenated graphite powder was obtained through Birch reduction of graphite powder and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) at 500 °C.

Distribution of extracts including 4,8-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde in Diospyros kaki analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Matsushita ◽  
In-Cheol Jang ◽  
Takanori Imai ◽  
Ruka Takama ◽  
Kaori Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Compound I ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion

Abstract The distribution of ethyl acetate extracts and 4,8-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde (compound I), which is a major constituent of the extracts obtained from the blackened heartwood of Diospyros kaki, was analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). According to GC-MS, the extracts and compound I are high in concentration at the pith and at the edges of the blackened heartwood. ToF-SIMS analysis revealed a peak at a mass-to-charge ratio of (m/z) 218, which is characteristic of the ionic form of compound I. The ToF-SIMS imaging of compound I in the blackened heartwood based on m/z 218 shows that compound I is located in parenchyma cells and their neighboring axial elements.

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