scholarly journals Strategies and models for agricultural sustainability in developing Asian countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1492) ◽  
pp. 877-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C Kesavan ◽  
M.S Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Access To Food

The green revolution of the 1960s and 1970s which resulted in dramatic yield increases in the developing Asian countries is now showing signs of fatigue in productivity gains. Intensive agriculture practiced without adherence to the scientific principles and ecological aspects has led to loss of soil health, and depletion of freshwater resources and agrobiodiversity. With progressive diversion of arable land for non-agricultural purposes, the challenge of feeding the growing population without , at the same time, annexing more forestland and depleting the rest of life is indeed daunting. Further, even with food availability through production/procurement, millions of marginal farming, fishing and landless rural families have very low or no access to food due to lack of income-generating livelihoods. Approximately 200 million rural women, children and men in India alone fall in this category. Under these circumstances, the evergreen revolution (pro-nature, pro-poor, pro-women and pro-employment/livelihood oriented ecoagriculture) under varied terms are proposed for achieving productivity in perpetuity. In the proposed ‘biovillage paradigm’, eco-friendly agriculture is promoted along with on- and non-farm eco-enterprises based on sustainable management of natural resources. Concurrently, the modern ICT-based village knowledge centres provide time- and locale-specific, demand-driven information needed for evergreen revolution and ecotechnologies. With a system of ‘farm and marine production by masses’, the twin goals of ecoagriculture and eco-livelihoods are addressed. The principles, strategies and models of these are briefly discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Sustainable agriculture: Trends and opportunities for 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeba Sharma ◽  
Aravind T ◽  
Roopali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The green revolution has been a major boost to the agriculture sector throughout the world including India. The food production of the country increased by many fold during the 1960s and 1970s and has continued to increase since then. But, the boom of green revolution could not last long as we witnessed stagnation in the productivity of our farm lands along with soil and crop health degradation. This forced the scientific and farming community to look for efficient and ecologically safe farming systems which led to the evolution of the concept of ‘sustainable agriculture’. Sustainable agriculture is a holistic concept of agriculture which helps in meeting the needs of the present generation without affecting the future generation. It helps in maintaining optimum crop production along with maintaining soil health, conservation of natural resources and preserving ecological balance and biodiversity in agroecosystems. This review aims to create a paradigm for future studies on new and innovative techniques for sustainable crop production.

Asian International Students at U.S. Universities in the Post-2008 Collapse Era

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Wu
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Asian American ◽  
American Studies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Asian American Studies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Asian International Students ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Chapter 12 addresses the ways in which Asian American Studies’ overriding insistence on recovering a useable resistant past via the aforementioned rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s has made it troublingly reluctant to examine relevant accommodation. As the title suggests, Wu considers how the intellectual trajectory of the field, dominated by a limited U.S.-centrism, has proved largely ineffective with regard to the twenty-first century influx of international students from Asian countries at U.S. universities.

Green Revolution in Food Crops: An Indian Experience

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Gahukar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Employment Potential ◽  
The 1960S

India is an agricultural country with about 80% of its people dependent on agricultural activites for their livelihood. Indian agriculture accounts for 40% of Gross National Product and about 35% of total exports. The green revolution in agriculture began in the 1960s, and spectacular achievements in foodgrain production (cereals, pulses and oilseeds) resulted from the cultivation of introduced high yielding crop cultivars supplemented with fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation. The green revolution helped the country to feed the people, to stop importing foodgrains and to increase the employment potential. But increasing human population and slow industrial growth resulted in economic imbalance. The green revolution was confined to certain crops (rice, wheat) at the expense of others. The high input technology created problems of continuous monoculture cropping, depletion of the water table, deterioration of soils, introduction and multiplication of insect pests, plant diseases and weeds, intensive use of energy, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, increase in soil salinity and alkalinity, environmental pollution and ecological imbalance. The socio-economic inequalities have been enlarged in rural areas and the land/labour ratio has declined. Local crop cultivation practices have been abandoned even by small farmers. Management in agriculture escaped the attention of policy makers and scientists, and the role of rural women was ignored. Inter- and intra-regional disparities in agricultural development have created serious social and political repercussions. The farm policy has not yet been finalized. Possible solutions to overcome present difficulties and benefit marginal and small farmers and economically backward areas are discussed.

The Green Revolution Controversy

Food Politics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Paarlberg
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

What was the green revolution? The original green revolution, which took place in the 1960s and 1970s, was an introduction of newly developed wheat and rice seeds into Latin America and into the irrigated farming lands of South Asia and Southeast Asia. These new seed...

Media imperialism beyond the Anglo-Saxon axis, or negotiated hybridity? Neo-Orientalist telenovelas and transnational business in Brazilian television

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahuel Ribke
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Imperialism ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Private Actors

Since the beginning of the millennium, several Brazilian telenovelas have been partially produced abroad, incorporating in their storylines protagonists from different ethnic and religious backgrounds, exotic customs, foreign jargon, and attractive tourist locations in Middle Eastern and south-east Asian countries. This article aims to contribute to the debate regarding the asymmetries in media contents flow from “central” to “developing” countries, through analyzing the production of Brazilian “transnational” telenovelas broadcasted during 2001–2012. Rejecting the media imperialism thesis as formulated in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as the more optimistic approaches pointing to the erosion of persistent asymmetries in the production and reception of television contents, this study examines the economic, cultural, and political forces driving the production and consumption of television contents outside the Anglo-Saxon axis, pointing to the cooperation, conflicts, and negotiations between television producers, national audiences, international publics, and private actors.

Ken Russell's Wartime Imagery

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
War Films ◽  
Personal Style ◽  
American Cinema ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World ◽  
Wartime Experience ◽  
National Experience

This article traces Ken Russell's explorations of war and wartime experience over the course of his career. In particular, it argues that Russell's scattered attempts at coming to terms with war, the rise of fascism and memorialisation are best understood in terms of a combination of Russell's own tastes and personal style, wider stylistic and thematic trends in Euro-American cinema during the 1960s and 1970s, and discourses of collective national experience. In addition to identifying Russell's recurrent techniques, this article focuses on how the residual impacts of the First and Second World Wars appear in his favoured genres: literary adaptations and composer biopics. Although the article looks for patterns and similarities in Russell's war output, it differentiates between his First and Second World War films by indicating how he engages with, and temporarily inhabits, the stylistic regime of the enemy within the latter group.

Mind Bending, Mental Seduction and Menticide: Brainwashing in British Spy Dramas of the 1960s

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Burton
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Mind Control ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cultural Fantasy

Brainwashing assumed the proportions of a cultural fantasy during the Cold War period. The article examines the various political, scientific and cultural contexts of brainwashing, and proceeds to a consideration of the place of mind control in British spy dramas made for cinema and television in the 1960s and 1970s. Particular attention is given to the films The Mind Benders (1963) and The Ipcress File (1965), and to the television dramas Man in a Suitcase (1967–8), The Prisoner (1967–8) and Callan (1967–81), which gave expression to the anxieties surrounding thought-control. Attention is given to the scientific background to the representations of brainwashing, and the significance of spy scandals, treasons and treacheries as a distinct context to the appearance of brainwashing on British screens.

The ‘Modernisation’ of Scotland and its Impact on Glasgow, 1955–1979: ‘Unwanted Side Effects’ and Vulnerabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chik Collins ◽  
Ian Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

This article reports findings of research into the far-reaching plan to ‘modernise’ the Scottish economy, which emerged from the mid-late 1950s and was formally adopted by government in the early 1960s. It shows the growing awareness amongst policy-makers from the mid-1960s as to the profoundly deleterious effects the implementation of the plan was having on Glasgow. By 1971 these effects were understood to be substantial with likely severe consequences for the future. Nonetheless, there was no proportionate adjustment to the regional policy which was creating these understood ‘unwanted’ outcomes, even when such was proposed by the Secretary of State for Scotland. After presenting these findings, the paper offers some consideration as to their relevance to the task of accounting for Glasgow's ‘excess mortality’. It is suggested that regional policy can be seen to have contributed to the accumulation of ‘vulnerabilities’, particularly in Glasgow but also more widely in Scotland, during the 1960s and 1970s, and that the impact of the post-1979 UK government policy agenda on these vulnerabilities is likely to have been salient in the increase in ‘excess mortality’ evident in subsequent years.

The Fragmentation of the Palestinian Political Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-216
Author(s):  
Jamil Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
National Representation ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Palestinian National Movement ◽  
The Relationship

The mid-1960s saw the beginnings of the construction of a Palestinian political field after it collapsed in 1948, when, with the British government’s support of the Zionist movement, which succeeded in establishing the state of Israel, the Palestinian national movement was crushed. This article focuses mainly on the Palestinian political field as it developed in the 1960s and 1970s, the beginnings of its fragmentation in the 1990s, and its almost complete collapse in the first decade of this century. It was developed on a structure characterized by the dominance of a center where the political leadership functioned. The center, however, was established outside historic Palestine. This paper examines the components and dynamics of the relationship between the center and the peripheries, and the causes of the decline of this center and its eventual disappearance, leaving the constituents of the Palestinian people under local political leadership following the collapse of the national representation institutions, that is, the political, organizational, military, cultural institutions and sectorial organizations (women, workers, students, etc.) that made up the PLO and its frameworks. The paper suggests that the decline of the political field as a national field does not mean the disintegration of the cultural field. There are, in fact, indications that the cultural field has a new vitality that deserves much more attention than it is currently assigned.

New Technologies to Combat Herbicide Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Rob Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
The Uk

Herbicide resistance in problem weeds is now a major threat to global food production, being particularly widespread in wild grasses affecting cereal crops. In the UK, black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) holds the title of number one agronomic problem in winter wheat, with the loss of production associated with herbicide resistance now estimated to cost the farming sector at least £0.5 billion p.a. Black-grass presents us with many of the characteristic traits of a problem weed; being highly competitive, genetically diverse and obligately out-crossing, with a growth habit that matches winter wheat. With the UK’s limited arable crop rotations and the reliance on the repeated use of a very limited range of selective herbicides we have been continuously performing a classic Darwinian selection for resistance traits in weeds that possess great genetic diversity and plasticity in their growth habits. The result has been inevitable; the steady rise of herbicide resistance across the UK, which now affects over 2.1 million hectares of some of our best arable land. Once the resistance genie is out of the bottle, it has proven difficult to prevent its establishment and spread. With the selective herbicide option being no longer effective, the options are to revert to cultural control; changing rotations and cover crops, manual rogueing of weeds, deep ploughing and chemical mulching with total herbicides such as glyphosate. While new precision weeding technologies are being developed, their cost and scalability in arable farming remains unproven. As an agricultural scientist who has spent a working lifetime researching selective weed control, we seem to be giving up on a technology that has been a foundation stone of the green revolution. For me it begs the question, are we really unable to use modern chemical and biological technology to counter resistance? I would argue the answer to that question is most patently no; solutions are around the corner if we choose to develop them.

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