scholarly journals Separating equilibria in continuous signalling games

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1427) ◽  
pp. 1595-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl T. Bergstrom ◽  
Szabolcs Számadó ◽  
Michael Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
Field Solution ◽  
Signalling Theory ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Mathematical Justification ◽  
Signalling Games

Much of the literature on costly signalling theory concentrates on separating equilibria of continuous signalling games. At such equilibria, every signaller sends a distinct signal, and signal receivers are able to exactly infer the signaller's condition from the signal sent. In this paper, we introduce a vector–field solution method that simplifies the process of solving for separating equilibria. Using this approach, we show that continuous signalling games can have low–cost separating equilibria despite conflicting interests between signaller and receiver. We find that contrary to prior arguments, honesty does not require wasteful signals. Finally, we examine signalling games in which different signallers have different minimal–cost signals, and provide a mathematical justification for the argument that even non–signalling traits will be exaggerated beyond their phenotypic optimum when they are used by other individuals to judge condition or quality.

Preparation of CuSbS2 thin films by a facile and low-cost chemical solution method

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 4075-4079
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Lingyun Hao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qing Lin ◽  
Xiaojuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Solution ◽  
Chemical Solution Method

A novel 3D porous electrode of polyaniline and PEDOT:PSS coated SiNWs for low-cost and high-performance supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Shen ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Tongfei Wang ◽  
Songjun Li ◽  
Zhaoqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Simple Solution ◽  
Porous Si ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode

In this study, a novel 3D porous Si-based supercapacitor electrode was developed by the simple solution method, which involved firstly the in-situ polymerization of polyaniline particles (PANI) on the Si...

scholarly journals Online planning low-cost paths for unmanned surface vehicles based on the artificial vector field and environmental heuristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 172988142096907
Author(s):  
Naifeng Wen ◽  
Rubo Zhang ◽  
Guanqun Liu ◽  
Junwei Wu ◽  
Xingru Qu
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vehicles ◽  
Online Planning ◽  
Cost Paths ◽  
Virtual Leader ◽  
Gaussian Sampling

The study is concerned with the problem of online planning low-cost cooperative paths; those are energy-efficient, easy-to-execute, and low collision probability for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) based on the artificial vector field and environmental heuristics. First, we propose an artificial vector field method by following the global optimally path and the current to maximize the known environmental information. Then, to improve the optimal rapidly exploring random tree (RRT*) based planner by the environment heuristics, a Gaussian sampling scheme is adopted to seek for the likely samples that locate near obstacles. Meanwhile, a multisampling strategy is proposed to choose low-cost path tree extensions locally. The vector field guidance, the Gaussian sampling scheme, and the multisampling strategy are used to improve the efficiency of RRT* to obtain a low-cost path for the virtual leader of USVs. To promote the accuracy of collision detection during the execution process of RRT*, an ellipse function-based bounding box for USVs is proposed with the consideration of the current. Finally, an information consensus scheme is employed to quickly calculate cooperative paths for a fleet of USVs guided by the virtual leader. Simulation results show that our online cooperative path planning method is performed well in the practical marine environment.

scholarly journals A La2−xGdxZr2O7 layer deposited by chemical solution: a promising seed layer for the fabrication of high Jc and low cost coated conductors

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (44) ◽  
pp. 11766-11772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Muguerra ◽  
Anne-Claire Pescheux ◽  
Alexander Meledin ◽  
Gustaaf Van Tendeloo ◽  
Jean-Louis Soubeyroux
Keyword(s):  
Seed Layer ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coated Conductors ◽  
Chemical Solution ◽  
Chemical Solution Method ◽  
Seed Layers

We deposited La2−xGdxZr2O7 seed layers by a chemical solution method on a Ni–5%W substrate to study the influence of these layers on the growth process of a 60 nm-thick La2Zr2O7 layer.

scholarly journals Honest signalling with costly gambles

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (87) ◽  
pp. 20130469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frazer Meacham ◽  
Aaron Perlmutter ◽  
Carl T. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Honest Signalling ◽  
Signalling Theory ◽  
Signalling Models ◽  
Signalling Games ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

Costly signalling theory is commonly invoked as an explanation for how honest communication can be stable when interests conflict. However, the signal costs predicted by costly signalling models often turn out to be unrealistically high. These models generally assume that signal cost is determinate. Here, we consider the case where signal cost is instead stochastic. We examine both discrete and continuous signalling games and show that, under reasonable assumptions, stochasticity in signal costs can decrease the average cost at equilibrium for all individuals. This effect of stochasticity for decreasing signal costs is a fundamental mechanism that probably acts in a wide variety of circumstances.

scholarly journals One problem, too many solutions: How costly is honest signalling of need?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Számadó ◽  
Dániel Czégel ◽  
István Zachar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Unique Equilibrium ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Honest Signalling ◽  
Signalling Theory ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Model Support ◽  
Signalling Games

AbstractThe “cost of begging” is a prominent prediction of costly signalling theory, suggesting that offspring begging has to be costly in order to be honest. More specifically, it predicts that there is a single cost function for the offspring (depending on e.g. offspring quality) that maintains honesty and it must be proportional to parent’s fitness loss. Here we show another interpretation of the cost. We demonstrate that cost, proportional to the fitness gain of the offspring, also results in honest signalling. Since the loss of the parent does not necessarily coincide with the gain of the offspring, it is provable that any linear combination of the two cost functions (one proportional to parent’s loss, one to offspring’s gain) also leads to honest signalling. Our results, applied for a specific model, support the previous general conclusion that signalling games have different cost functions for different equilibria. Consequently, costly signalling theory cannot predict a unique equilibrium cost in signalling games especially in case of parent-offspring conflicts. As an important consequence, any measured equilibrium cost in real cases has to be compared both to the parent’s fitness loss and to the offspring’s fitness gain in order to provide meaningfully interpretation.

Promoting Place Appeal

2015 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Bruce Henry Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
User Reviews

Widespread internet usage and continuing advances in information systems have greatly changed the dynamics of tourism. Industry providers now have many comparatively low-cost methods available to follow-up exploratory queries in assorted languages, and to maintain post-visit contact with customers. But the push-pull of information has radically changed (and is still evolving). Service providers might welcome the opportunity to better target many more prospective visitors at minimal cost, but soon recognize both negative & positive aspects to widely-referenced user reviews (which are sometimes snidely contributed by competitors). Regional policymakers struggle to develop common platforms to assist with new competitive realities. Destination marketing has expanded to include needs to cultivate investment, generate tourism, and attract mobile experts, while developing & retaining creative local talent. The more competitive local economies have found measures to enjoy prosperity, while other locales suffer collapsing property values & simply watch residents migrate away. This chapter highlights examples of creative uses of e-tourism for improving place appeal.

Optimal SOFC Size Design for Minimal Cost of Electricity Achievement

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Bove ◽  
Nigel M. Sammes
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
System Level ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Goal And Scope

SOFC numerical simulations and experiments are a low cost method in achieving adequate performance to penetrate the market. Most of the efforts are at the present focused on components, single cells and stack performances and reliability improvements, while, at the same time, a lot of work is needed for optimal system configuration design. Simulation and experimental results conducted on a system level must provide a goal and scope of the single components system research, including fuel processing, fuel cells and all the balance of plant (BoP) components. In the present work a preliminary numerical simulation of a SOFC system is conducted, in order to establish the optimal stack size for minimal cost of electricity (CoE) achievements.

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