Studies on Cepaea VI. The spatial and temporal distribution of pheno-types in a colony of Cepaea nemoralis (L.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 253 (789) ◽  
pp. 519-548 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Visual Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mobile Dune

In 1924 one of us (C. D.), with the late Professor A. E. Boycott, F. R. S., collected random samples from populations of the polymorphic land snail Cepaea nemoralis L. on sand-dunes at Bundoran, County Donegal, Eire. In 1961, the other two revisited the area and sampled, as nearly as possible, the same localities. A total of 23857 live snails were collected and scored for various inherited shell characters. The data are considered from three points of view. First we have examined the distribution of morphs within individual samples, hoping to detect associations indicating linkage or selection. Secondly, we have studied the differences between contemporary samples and attempted to relate them to environmental factors. Thirdly, we have compared the two series (1924 and 1961) in order to detect any evolutionary changes that might have occurred. (1) Associations within samples In both series there are consistent linkage disequilibria involving the loci for shell-colour, for banded v. unbanded shell, for hyalozonate v. fully pigmented bands, and for white v. black lip. It is likely that these disequilibria are maintained by selection. There is also a suggestion of disequilibrium between the shell-colour locus and the loci determining the extent of band-fusions. We find no significant differences between adults and young in the proportions of any of the morphs. (2) Variation between samples Most of the characters show morph-ratio dines on an east/west axis. This pattern may be related to the fact that the western part of the area is predominantly mobile or semi-mobile dune, whereas the eastern part is generally more stable. The overall proportions of yellow and 'effectively unbanded’ shells very roughly correspond to those found by Cain & Sheppard (1954) hedgerows and rough herbage. They occupy the range of frequencies expected according to the hypothesis of visual selection by predators. Nevertheless, their precise distributions within the area are not evidently related to local changes of background, nor are the distribution of unbandeds ( sensu stricto ), hyalozonates, whites, white lips or fusions. There may possibly be come correspondence in the case of browns, 00300 and 00345, and it is conceivable that the local distribution of pinks is the result of visual selection by rabbits. A final interpretation must await further detailed studies of other sand-dune populations. (3) Comparison of the two series A comparison of the series collected in 1924 with that collected in 1961 provides no evidence of consistent evolutionary change. There may have been small local changes, which in our data would be indistinguishable from differences due to errors in relocating the sampling areas; but in general the populations seem to have remained stable. There have certainly been no changes comparable to those observed at Berrow, Somerset (Clarke & Murray 1962 a ). This apparent constancy may be related to the fact that the habitat at Bundoran has not greatly altered since 1924. At Berrow, on the other hand, the dunes have gradually become more stable, and larger parts of them have become overgrown with Hippophae . In each case the evolutionary situation seems to reflect the history of the habitat. It will clearly be of great interest to follow future developments at both localities.

scholarly journals Whole genome sequencing,de novoassembly and phenotypic profiling for the new budding yeast speciesSaccharomyces jurei

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Naseeb ◽  
Haya Alsammar ◽  
Tim Burgis ◽  
Ian Donaldson ◽  
Norman Knyazev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Saccharomyces Sensu Stricto ◽  
Ty Elements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genome Assemblies

AbstractSaccharomyces sensu strictocomplex consist of yeast species, which are not only important in the fermentation industry but are also model systems for genomic and ecological analysis. Here, we present the complete genome assemblies ofSaccharomyces jurei,a newly discoveredSaccharomyces sensu strictospecies from high altitude oaks. Phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis revealed thatS. jureiis a sister-species toS. mikatae,thanS. cerevisiae,andS. paradoxus.The karyotype ofS. jureipresents two reciprocal chromosomal translocations between chromosome VI/VII and I/XIII when compared toS. cerevisiaegenome. Interestingly, while the rearrangement I/XIII is unique toS. jurei,the other is in common withS. mikataestrain IFO1815, suggesting shared evolutionary history of this species after the split betweenS. cerevisiaeandS. mikatae.The number of Ty elements differed in the new species, with a higher number of Ty elements present inS. jureithan inS. cerevisiae.Phenotypically, theS. jureistrain NCYC 3962 has relatively higher fitness than the other strain NCYC 3947Tunder most of the environmental stress conditions tested and showed remarkably increased fitness in higher concentration of acetic acid compared to the othersensu strictospecies. Both strains were found to be better adapted to lower temperatures compared toS. cerevisiae.

scholarly journals Inferring microevolution from museum collections and resampling: lessons learned from Cepaea

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ożgo ◽  
Thor-Seng Liew ◽  
Nicole B. Webster ◽  
Menno Schilthuizen
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Long Term Trends

Natural history collections are an important and largely untapped source of long-term data on evolutionary changes in wild populations. Here, we utilize three large geo-referenced sets of samples of the common European land-snail Cepaea nemoralis stored in the collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden, the Netherlands. Resampling of these populations allowed us to gain insight into changes occurring over 95, 69, and 50 years. Cepaea nemoralis is polymorphic for the colour and banding of the shell; the mode of inheritance of these patterns is known, and the polymorphism is under both thermal and predatory selection. At two sites the general direction of changes was towards lighter shells (yellow and less heavily banded), which is consistent with predictions based on on-going climatic change. At one site no directional changes were detected. At all sites there were significant shifts in morph frequencies between years, and our study contributes to the recognition that short-term changes in the states of populations often exceed long-term trends. Our interpretation was limited by the few time points available in the studied collections. We therefore stress the need for natural history collections to routinely collect large samples of common species, to allow much more reliable hind-casting of evolutionary responses to environmental change.

Theodor W. Adorno

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In his somewhat controversial book Remnants of Auschwitz, Agamben makes brief reference to Theodor Adorno’s apparently contradictory remarks on perceptions of death post-Auschwitz, positions that Adorno had taken concerning Nazi genocidal actions that had seemed also to reflect something horribly errant in the history of thought itself. There was within such murderous acts, he had claimed, a particular degradation of death itself, a perpetration of our humanity bound in some way to affect our perception of reason itself. The contradictions regarding Auschwitz that Agamben senses to be latent within Adorno’s remarks involve the intuition ‘on the one hand, of having realized the unconditional triumph of death against life; on the other, of having degraded and debased death. Neither of these charges – perhaps like every charge, which is always a genuinely legal gesture – succeed in exhausting Auschwitz’s offense, in defining its case in point’ (RA 81). And this is the stance that Agamben wishes to hammer home quite emphatically vis-à-vis Adorno’s limitations, ones that, I would only add, seem to linger within Agamben’s own formulations in ways that he has still not come to reckon with entirely: ‘This oscillation’, he affirms, ‘betrays reason’s incapacity to identify the specific crime of Auschwitz with certainty’ (RA 81).

The World after the End of the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kas Saghafi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
End Of The World

In several late texts, Derrida meditated on Paul Celan's poem ‘Grosse, Glühende Wölbung’, in which the departure of the world is announced. Delving into the ‘origin’ and ‘history’ of the ‘conception’ of the world, this paper suggests that, for Derrida, the end of the world is determined by and from death—the death of the other. The death of the other marks, each and every time, the absolute end of the world.

Med. Dr. Adalbert Wraný (1836–1902) – doctor of medicine, mineral collector and donor to the National Museum in Prague

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-146
Author(s):  
Martin Bohatý ◽  
Dalibor Velebil
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Industrial Chemistry ◽  
Pediatric Pathology ◽  
Geological Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Precious Stones

Adalbert Wraný (*1836, †1902) was a doctor of medicine, with his primary specialization in pediatric pathology, and was also one of the founders of microscopic and chemical diagnostics. He was interested in natural sciences, chemistry, botany, paleontology and above all mineralogy. He wrote two books, one on the development of mineralogical research in Bohemia (1896), and the other on the history of industrial chemistry in Bohemia (1902). Wraný also assembled several natural science collections. During his lifetime, he gave to the National Museum large collections of rocks, a collection of cut precious stones and his library. He donated a collection of fossils to the Geological Institute of the Czech University (now Charles University). He was an inspector of the mineralogical collection of the National Museum. After his death, he bequeathed to the National Museum his collection of minerals and the rest of the gemstone collection. He donated paintings to the Prague City Museum, and other property to the Klar Institute of the Blind in Prague. The National Museum’s collection currently contains 4 325 samples of minerals, as well as 21 meteorites and several hundred cut precious stones from Wraný’s collection.

La ética del Otro: una introducción al pensamiento de Emmanuel Lévinas

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Carlos Alvaréz Teijeiro
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First Philosophy

Emmanuel Lévinas, the philosopher of ethics par excellence in the twentieth century, and by own merit one of the most important ethical philosophers in the history of western philosophy, is also the philosopher of the Other. Thereby, it can be said that no thought has deepened like his in the ups and downs of the ethical relationship between subject and otherness. The general objective of this work is to expose in a simple and understandable way some ideas that tend to be quite dark in the philosophical work of the author, since his profuse religious production will not be analyzed here. It is expected to show that his ideas about the being and the Other are relevant to better understand interpersonal relationships in times of 4.0 (re)evolution. As specific objectives, this work aims to expose in chronological order the main works of the thinker, with special emphasis on his ethical implications: Of the evasion (1935), The time and the Other (1947), From the existence to the existent (1947), Totality and infinity: An essay on exteriority (1961) and, last, Otherwise than being, or beyond essence (1974). In the judgment of Lévinas, history of western philosophy starting with Greece, has shown an unusual concern for the Being, this is, it has basically been an ontology and, accordingly, it has relegated ethics to a second or third plane. On the other hand and in a clear going against the tide movement, our author supports that ethics should be considered the first philosophy and more, even previous to the proper philosophize. This novel approach implies, as it is supposed, that the essential question of the philosophy slows down its origin around the Being in order to inquire about the Other: it is a philosophy in first person. Such a radical change of perspective generates an underlying change in how we conceive interpersonal relationships, the complex framework of meanings around the relationship Me and You, which also philosopher Martin Buber had already spoken of. As Lévinas postulates that ethics is the first philosophy, this involves that the Other claims all our attention, intellectual and emotional, to the point of considering that the relationship with the Other is one of the measures of our identity. Thus, “natural” attitude –husserlian word not used by Lévinas- would be to be in permanent disposition regarding to the meeting with the Other, to be in permanent opening state to let ourselves be questioned by him. Ontology, as the author says, being worried about the Being, has been likewise concerned about the Existence, when the matter is to concern about the particular Existent that every otherness supposes for us. In conclusion it can be affirmed that levinasian ethics of the meeting with the Other, particular Face, irreducible to the assumption, can contribute with an innovative looking to (re)evolving the interpersonal relationships in a 4.0 context.

Suitability of forms of preparing seeds of Dalbergia miscolobium Benth for exposure to the tetrazolium test / Adequação das formas de preparação de sementes de Dalbergia miscolobium Benth para exposição ao teste de tetrazolium

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Martins de Mesquita Matos ◽  
Rosana De Carvalho Cristo Martins ◽  
Valéria Regina Bellotto ◽  
Lilian Gomes da Silva Rocha ◽  
Eloiza Aparecida Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Dalbergia miscolobium or Jacarandá do Cerrado is a species of legume in the Fabaceae family. It occurs in the sensu stricto Cerrado and in the dystrophic cerradão. It shows potential for landscaping and for recovering damaged areas. It is an endangered species and therefore is protected by the law that prevents cut in areas of the Federal District (Decree No. 14.783/93). The purpose of this study was to determine the best procedure to prepare seeds of Dalbergia miscolobium to assess viability in the tetrazolium test. We carried out the following treatments: i) hydration on filter paper at 25 ° C, ii) hydration on filter paper at 25 ° C followed by a cut in the tegument and iii) hydration on filter paper at 25 ° C followed bya complete removal of the tegument. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Tukey range test. The analyzes showed that the best procedure to prepare seeds of Dalbergia miscolobium is the treatment in which there is a hydration followed by the complete removal of the integument. Where 78% of the seeds showed uniform staining, indicating that the seeds analyzed are of good quality. The other treatments, hydration and hydration followed by cutting, showed respectively 35% and 41% of viable seeds. RESUMO A Dalbergia miscolobium ou Jacarandá do Cerrado é uma espécie de leguminosa da família Fabaceae. Ocorre no sentido stricto Cerrado e no cerradão distrófico. Possui potencial para paisagismo e para recuperar áreas degradadas. É uma espécie ameaçada de extinção e, portanto, está protegida pela lei que previne o corte em áreas do Distrito Federal (Decreto 14.783 / 93). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o melhor procedimento de prepararação das sementes de Dalbergia miscolobium para serem submetidas à análise de viabilidade pelo teste de tetrazólio. Foram realizados os seguintes tratamentos: i) hidratação em papel de filtro a 25 ° C, ii) hidratação em papel de filtro a 25 ° C seguida de um corte no tegumento e iii) hidratação em papel de filtro a 25 ° C seguido de remoção completa do tegumento. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se a análise de variância e o teste de médias de Tukey. As análises mostraram que o melhor procedimento para preparar sementes de Dalbergia miscolobium é o tratamento em que há uma hidratação seguida pela remoção completa do tegumento, onde 78% das sementes apresentaram coloração uniforme, indicando que as sementes analisadas são de boa qualidade. Os demais tratamentos, hidratação e hidratação seguida de corte, mostraram respectivamente 35% e 41% de sementes viáveis.

Policy analysis and complexity – a non-equilibrium approach for integrated water management

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govert D. Geldof
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Control System ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Equilibrium Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Groundwater Policy ◽  
Non Equilibrium

In integrated water management, the issues are often complex by nature, they are capable of subjective interpretation, are difficult to express in standards and exhibit many uncertainties. For such issues, an equilibrium approach is not appropriate. A non-equilibrium approach has to be applied. This implies that the processes to which the integrated issue pertains, are regarded as “alive”’. Instead of applying a control system as the model for tackling the issue, a network is used as the model. In this network, several “agents”’ are involved in the modification, revision and rearrangement of structures. It is therefore an on-going renewal process (perpetual novelty). In the planning process for the development of a groundwater policy for the municipality of Amsterdam, a non-equilibrium approach was adopted. In order to do justice to the integrated character of groundwater management, an approach was taken, containing the following features: (1) working from global to detailed, (2) taking account of the history of the system, (3) giving attention to communication, (4) building flexibility into the establishing of standards, and (5) combining reason and emotions. A middle course was sought, between static, rigid but reliable on the one hand; dynamic, flexible but vague on the other hand.

On the nature of chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Scerri
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Of Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Unity ◽  
The 19Th Century

<span>The very nature of chemistry presents us with a tension. A tension between the exhilaration of diversity of substances and forms on the one hand and the safety of fundamental unity on the other. Even just the recent history of chemistry has been al1 about this tension, from the debates about Prout's hypothesis as to whether there is a primary matter in the 19th century to the more recent speculations as to whether computers will enable us to virtually dispense with experimental chemistry.</span>

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