scholarly journals Particle physics experiments based on the AWAKE acceleration scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2151) ◽  
pp. 20180185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wing
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wakefield Acceleration ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Plasma Wakefield

New particle acceleration schemes open up exciting opportunities, potentially providing more compact or higher-energy accelerators. The AWAKE experiment at CERN is currently taking data to establish the method of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. A second phase aims to demonstrate that bunches of about 10 9 electrons can be accelerated to high energy, preserving emittance and that the process is scalable with length. With this, an electron beam of O (50 GeV) could be available for new fixed-target or beam-dump experiments searching for the hidden sector, like dark photons. The rate of electrons on target could be increased by a factor of more than 1000 compared to that currently available, leading to a corresponding increase in sensitivity to new physics. Such a beam could also be brought into collision with a high-power laser and thereby probe the completely unmeasured region of strong fields at values of the Schwinger critical field. An ultimate goal is to produce an electron beam of O (3 TeV) and collide with an Large Hadron Collider proton beam. This very high-energy electron–proton collider would probe a new regime in which the structure of matter is completely unknown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the ATLAS and CMS detectors

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1961) ◽  
pp. 892-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Seiden
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Particle Collisions ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Background Rejection ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Complex Events ◽  
Physics Experiments

The goal for the detection of new physics processes in particle collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies, combined with the broad spectrum of possibilities for how the physics might be manifest, leads to detectors of unprecedented scope and size for particle physics experiments at colliders. The resulting two detectors, ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) and CMS (compact muon spectrometer), must search for the new physics processes within very complex events arising from the very high-energy collisions. The two experiments share many basic design features—in particular, the need for very selective triggering to weed out the bulk of the uninteresting events; the order in which detector types are arrayed in order to provide maximum information about each event; and the very large angular coverage required to constrain the energy carried by any non-interacting particles. However, within these basic constraints, the detectors are quite different given the different emphases placed on issues such as resolution and background rejection. Both common features and the distinct differences will be presented.

scholarly journals Fundamentals and Applications of Hybrid LWFA-PWFA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Hidding ◽  
Andrew Beaton ◽  
Lewis Boulton ◽  
Sebastién Corde ◽  
Andreas Doepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Wakefield Acceleration ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Plasma Wakefield

Fundamental similarities and differences between laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and particle-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) are discussed. The complementary features enable the conception and development of novel hybrid plasma accelerators, which allow previously not accessible compact solutions for high quality electron bunch generation and arising applications. Very high energy gains can be realized by electron beam drivers even in single stages because PWFA is practically dephasing-free and not diffraction-limited. These electron driver beams for PWFA in turn can be produced in compact LWFA stages. In various hybrid approaches, these PWFA systems can be spiked with ionizing laser pulses to realize tunable and high-quality electron sources via optical density downramp injection (also known as plasma torch) or plasma photocathodes (also known as Trojan Horse) and via wakefield-induced injection (also known as WII). These hybrids can act as beam energy, brightness and quality transformers, and partially have built-in stabilizing features. They thus offer compact pathways towards beams with unprecedented emittance and brightness, which may have transformative impact for light sources and photon science applications. Furthermore, they allow the study of PWFA-specific challenges in compact setups in addition to large linac-based facilities, such as fundamental beam–plasma interaction physics, to develop novel diagnostics, and to develop contributions such as ultralow emittance test beams or other building blocks and schemes which support future plasma-based collider concepts.

scholarly journals Plasma wakefield linear colliders—opportunities and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2151) ◽  
pp. 20180419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Adli
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
High Luminosity ◽  
Wakefield Acceleration ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Wakefield ◽  
Future Linear Collider

A linear electron-positron collider operating at TeV-scale energies will provide high precision measurements and allow, for example, precision studies of the Higgs boson as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model. A future linear collider should produce collisions at high energy, with high luminosity and with a good wall plug to beam power transfer efficiency. The luminosity per power consumed is a key metric that can be used to compare linear collider concepts. The plasma wakefield accelerator has demonstrated high-gradient, high-efficiency acceleration of an electron beam and is therefore a promising technology for a future linear collider. We will go through the opportunities of using plasma wakefield acceleration technology for a collider, as well as a few of the collider-specific challenges that must be addressed in order for a high-energy, high luminosity-per-power plasma wakefield collider to become a reality. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.

scholarly journals THE MoEDAL EXPERIMENT AT THE LHC — A NEW LIGHT ON THE HIGH ENERGY FRONTIER

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 1430003
Author(s):  
JAMES L. PINFOLD
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
Energy Frontier ◽  
The Big Bang

In 2010, the CERN (European Centre for Particle Physics Research) Research Board unanimously approved MoEDAL, the seventh international experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is designed to search for avatars of new physics signified by highly ionizing particles. A MoEDAL discovery would have revolutionary implications for our understanding of the microcosm, providing insights into such fundamental questions as: do magnetic monopoles exist, are there extra dimensions or new symmetries of nature; what is the mechanism for the generation of mass; what is the nature of dark matter and how did the big bang unfurl at the earliest times.

scholarly journals Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration: a path to the future of high-energy particle physics

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 084013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Assmann ◽  
R Bingham ◽  
T Bohl ◽  
C Bracco ◽  
B Buttenschön ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Wakefield Acceleration ◽  
The Future ◽  
Plasma Wakefield

scholarly journals Effective theories with dark matter applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhaditya Bhattacharya ◽  
José Wudka
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Effective Field Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Theories ◽  
Detailed Nature

Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has achieved enormous success in describing the interactions among the known fundamental constituents of nature, yet it fails to describe phenomena for which there is very strong experimental evidence, such as the existence of dark matter, and which point to the existence of new physics not included in that model; beyond its existence, experimental data, however, have not provided clear indications as to the nature of that new physics. The effective field theory (EFT) approach, the subject of this review, is designed for this type of situations; it provides a consistent and unbiased framework within which to study new physics effects whose existence is expected but whose detailed nature is known very imperfectly. We will provide a description of this approach together with a discussion of some of its basic theoretical aspects. We then consider applications to high-energy phenomenology and conclude with a discussion of the application of EFT techniques to the study of dark matter physics and its possible interactions with the SM. In several of the applications we also briefly discuss specific models that are ultraviolet complete and may realize the effects described by the EFT.

scholarly journals The Impact of Microelectronics on High Energy Physics Innovation: The Role of 65 nm CMOS Technology on New Generation Particle Detectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Demaria
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Physics

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will constitute a new frontier for the particle physics after the year 2027. Experiments will undertake a major upgrade in order to stand this challenge: the use of innovative sensors and electronics will have a main role in this. This paper describes the recent developments in 65 nm CMOS technology for readout ASIC chips in future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. These allow unprecedented performance in terms of speed, noise, power consumption and granularity of the tracking detectors.

scholarly journals Probing Trans-Electroweak First Order Phase Transitions from Gravitational Waves

Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Addazi ◽  
Antonino Marcianò ◽  
Roman Pasechnik
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
First Order ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
First Order Phase

We propose direct tests of very high energy first-order phase transitions, which are elusive to collider physics, deploying the gravitational waves’ measurements. We show that first-order phase transitions lying in a large window of critical temperatures, which is considerably larger than the electroweak energy scale, can be tested from advanced LIGO (aLIGO) and the Einstein Telescope. This provides the possibility to probe several inflationary mechanisms ending with the inflaton in a false minimum and high-energy first order phase transitions that are due to new scalar bosons, beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. As an important example, we consider the axion monodromy inflationary scenario and analyze the potential for its experimental verification, deploying the gravitational wave interferometers.

scholarly journals Hybrid LWFA–PWFA staging as a beam energy and brightness transformer: conceptual design and simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2151) ◽  
pp. 20180175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martinez de la Ossa ◽  
R. W. Assmann ◽  
M. Bussmann ◽  
S. Corde ◽  
J. P. Couperus Cabadağ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Wakefield Acceleration ◽  
Plasma Wakefield Accelerator ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Plasma Wakefield ◽  
Wakefield Accelerator

We present a conceptual design for a hybrid laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). In this set-up, the output beams from an LWFA stage are used as input beams of a new PWFA stage. In the PWFA stage, a new witness beam of largely increased quality can be produced and accelerated to higher energies. The feasibility and the potential of this concept is shown through exemplary particle-in-cell simulations. In addition, preliminary simulation results for a proof-of-concept experiment in Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany) are shown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.

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