scholarly journals Characteristics of the ATLAS and CMS detectors

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1961) ◽  
pp. 892-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Seiden
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Particle Collisions ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Background Rejection ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Complex Events ◽  
Physics Experiments

The goal for the detection of new physics processes in particle collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies, combined with the broad spectrum of possibilities for how the physics might be manifest, leads to detectors of unprecedented scope and size for particle physics experiments at colliders. The resulting two detectors, ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) and CMS (compact muon spectrometer), must search for the new physics processes within very complex events arising from the very high-energy collisions. The two experiments share many basic design features—in particular, the need for very selective triggering to weed out the bulk of the uninteresting events; the order in which detector types are arrayed in order to provide maximum information about each event; and the very large angular coverage required to constrain the energy carried by any non-interacting particles. However, within these basic constraints, the detectors are quite different given the different emphases placed on issues such as resolution and background rejection. Both common features and the distinct differences will be presented.

scholarly journals Particle physics experiments based on the AWAKE acceleration scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2151) ◽  
pp. 20180185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wing
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Particle Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wakefield Acceleration ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Plasma Wakefield

New particle acceleration schemes open up exciting opportunities, potentially providing more compact or higher-energy accelerators. The AWAKE experiment at CERN is currently taking data to establish the method of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. A second phase aims to demonstrate that bunches of about 10 9 electrons can be accelerated to high energy, preserving emittance and that the process is scalable with length. With this, an electron beam of O (50 GeV) could be available for new fixed-target or beam-dump experiments searching for the hidden sector, like dark photons. The rate of electrons on target could be increased by a factor of more than 1000 compared to that currently available, leading to a corresponding increase in sensitivity to new physics. Such a beam could also be brought into collision with a high-power laser and thereby probe the completely unmeasured region of strong fields at values of the Schwinger critical field. An ultimate goal is to produce an electron beam of O (3 TeV) and collide with an Large Hadron Collider proton beam. This very high-energy electron–proton collider would probe a new regime in which the structure of matter is completely unknown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.

scholarly journals THE MoEDAL EXPERIMENT AT THE LHC — A NEW LIGHT ON THE HIGH ENERGY FRONTIER

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 1430003
Author(s):  
JAMES L. PINFOLD
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
Energy Frontier ◽  
The Big Bang

In 2010, the CERN (European Centre for Particle Physics Research) Research Board unanimously approved MoEDAL, the seventh international experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is designed to search for avatars of new physics signified by highly ionizing particles. A MoEDAL discovery would have revolutionary implications for our understanding of the microcosm, providing insights into such fundamental questions as: do magnetic monopoles exist, are there extra dimensions or new symmetries of nature; what is the mechanism for the generation of mass; what is the nature of dark matter and how did the big bang unfurl at the earliest times.

scholarly journals Programmable combinational logic trigger system for high energy particle physics experiments

1977 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Platner ◽  
A. Etkin ◽  
K.J. Foley ◽  
J.H. Goldman ◽  
W.A. Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Combinational Logic ◽  
Trigger System ◽  
Energy Particle ◽  
Physics Experiments

scholarly journals The Making of Catalogues of Very-High-Energy γ-ray Sources

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Mathieu de Naurois
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cherenkov Telescopes ◽  
Background Rejection ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Very High

Thirty years after the discovery of the first very-high-energy γ-ray source by the Whipple telescope, the field experienced a revolution mainly driven by the third generation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). The combined use of large mirrors and the invention of the imaging technique at the Whipple telescope, stereoscopic observations, developed by the HEGRA array and the fine-grained camera, pioneered by the CAT telescope, led to a jump by a factor of more than ten in sensitivity. The advent of advanced analysis techniques led to a vast improvement in background rejection, as well as in angular and energy resolutions. Recent instruments already have to deal with a very large amount of data (petabytes), containing a large number of sources often very extended (at least within the Galactic plane) and overlapping each other, and the situation will become even more dramatic with future instruments. The first large catalogues of sources have emerged during the last decade, which required numerous, dedicated observations and developments, but also made the first population studies possible. This paper is an attempt to summarize the evolution of the field towards the building up of the source catalogues, to describe the first population studies already made possible, and to give some perspectives in the context of the upcoming, new generation of instruments.

scholarly journals Effective theories with dark matter applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhaditya Bhattacharya ◽  
José Wudka
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Effective Field Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Theories ◽  
Detailed Nature

Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has achieved enormous success in describing the interactions among the known fundamental constituents of nature, yet it fails to describe phenomena for which there is very strong experimental evidence, such as the existence of dark matter, and which point to the existence of new physics not included in that model; beyond its existence, experimental data, however, have not provided clear indications as to the nature of that new physics. The effective field theory (EFT) approach, the subject of this review, is designed for this type of situations; it provides a consistent and unbiased framework within which to study new physics effects whose existence is expected but whose detailed nature is known very imperfectly. We will provide a description of this approach together with a discussion of some of its basic theoretical aspects. We then consider applications to high-energy phenomenology and conclude with a discussion of the application of EFT techniques to the study of dark matter physics and its possible interactions with the SM. In several of the applications we also briefly discuss specific models that are ultraviolet complete and may realize the effects described by the EFT.

scholarly journals The Impact of Microelectronics on High Energy Physics Innovation: The Role of 65 nm CMOS Technology on New Generation Particle Detectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Demaria
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Physics

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will constitute a new frontier for the particle physics after the year 2027. Experiments will undertake a major upgrade in order to stand this challenge: the use of innovative sensors and electronics will have a main role in this. This paper describes the recent developments in 65 nm CMOS technology for readout ASIC chips in future High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. These allow unprecedented performance in terms of speed, noise, power consumption and granularity of the tracking detectors.

scholarly journals Probing Trans-Electroweak First Order Phase Transitions from Gravitational Waves

Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Addazi ◽  
Antonino Marcianò ◽  
Roman Pasechnik
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
First Order ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
First Order Phase

We propose direct tests of very high energy first-order phase transitions, which are elusive to collider physics, deploying the gravitational waves’ measurements. We show that first-order phase transitions lying in a large window of critical temperatures, which is considerably larger than the electroweak energy scale, can be tested from advanced LIGO (aLIGO) and the Einstein Telescope. This provides the possibility to probe several inflationary mechanisms ending with the inflaton in a false minimum and high-energy first order phase transitions that are due to new scalar bosons, beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. As an important example, we consider the axion monodromy inflationary scenario and analyze the potential for its experimental verification, deploying the gravitational wave interferometers.

scholarly journals Impact of detector simulation in particle physics collider experiments - highlights

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
V. Daniel Elvira
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Detector Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Journal Submission ◽  
Energy Physics

Detector simulation has become fundamental to the success of modern high-energy physics (HEP) experiments. For example, the Geant4-based simulation applications developed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments played a major role for them to produce physics measurements of unprecedented quality and precision with faster turnaround, from data taking to journal submission, than any previous hadron collider experiment. The material presented here contains highlights of a recent review on the impact of detector simulation in particle physics collider experiments published in Ref. [1]. It includes examples of applications to detector design and optimization, software development and testing of computing infrastructure, and modeling of physics objects and their kinematics. The cost and economic impact of simulation in the CMS experiment is also presented. A discussion on future detector simulation needs, challenges and potential solutions to address them is included at the end.

scholarly journals CP VIOLATIONS (AND MORE) AFTER THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LHCB

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (A) ◽  
pp. 528-533
Author(s):  
Giulio Auriemma
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Higgs Sector ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Cp Violations ◽  
The Standard Model

The most interesting cosmological open problems, baryon asymmetry, dark matter, inflation and dark energy, are not explained by the standard model of particle physics (SM). The final<br />goal of the Large Hadron Collider an experimental verification of the SM in the Higgs sector, and also a search for evidence of new physics beyond it. In this paper we will report some of the results obtained in 2010 and 2011, from the LHCb experiment dedicated to the study of CP violations and rare decays of heavy quarks.

scholarly journals GAMMA RAY BURSTS AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 2897-2913
Author(s):  
DAVID B. CLINE
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Primordial Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Evaporation ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Fine Time ◽  
Made In

We provide a brief review of the current situation concerning gamma ray bursts, with emphasis on the role that particle physics may play in the interesting phenomena. The current understanding of GRB origins allows for a large range of physical processes from primordial black hole evaporation to neutron star and black hole collisions. There does not seem to be a simple standard luminosity function and the burst times range from ms to 1000 s of seconds five orders of magnitude. It is likely that some type of fireball model is needed to explain the GRBs. No counterparts of GRB have been detected. We indicate some ways in which progress can be made in either the study of the fine time structure (~μs) or the detection of very high energy photons (>100 GeV to >100 TeV). We also indicate how a small but unique class of the GRB could come from primordial black hole evaporation.

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