scholarly journals Symmetry breaking and the deconstruction of mass

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2032) ◽  
pp. 20140034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Álvarez-Gaumé
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics

We briefly review some of the connections between symmetry breaking in condensed matter physics and in particle physics, assisting, in particular, our current understanding of the origin of mass.

FROM BCS TO THE LHC

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1627-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN WEINBERG
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
The University ◽  
Theory Of Superconductivity

Reflections on spontaneous symmetry breaking, and the connection between condensed matter physics and particle physics, as given in a talk at a symposium at the University of Illinois in Urbana, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the theory of superconductivity.

Physics research in Israel—A preliminary bibliometric analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subbiah Arunachalam ◽  
M.K. Dhirendra Rao ◽  
Praveen K. Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Molecular Physics ◽  
Atomic And Molecular Physics ◽  
The Impact

The impact of physics research carried out in Israel on the international literature is assessed from data on publication and citation counts. We have considered in this analysis all papers published from Israel and covered under six of the ten major sections of INSPEC's Physics Abstracts, January-June 1977 (covering condensed matter physics, nuclear and particle physics, atomic and molecular physics and biophysics and physical chemistry) as well as citations to these papers as seen from five annual editions of Science Citation Index, 1977-1981. An analysis of these data permits us to identify: (i) areas of research in which Israel is strong, (ii) highly cited publications, (iii) the distribution of citations over the years, and (iv) how quickly the papers get cited. Israel accounts for less than 1% of the world's physics publications, but undeniably physics done in Israel is an integral part of the mainstream of world physics. Israeli physicists place almost all their work in foreign journals, most of them published from the United States, the Nether lands and the United Kingdom. Many of these journals have a good standing as seen from their high impact factors and immediacy indices. Nearly all papers in our sample have originated in eight institutions, indicating that Israel is free from the common Third World malady of spreading the butter of R&D budget too thinly. Overall, Israeli physics appears to be productive in condensed matter physics, nuclear physics and atomic and molecular physics. However, chemical physics tops the list if one considers both the number of papers published and the cognitive impact these papers have had. Two areas where Israel did not publish much and yet had a few publica tions of high impact are: (i) special theories, interaction models and particle systematics, and (ii) biophysics. Surprisingly for a nation interested in both the military and civilian applications of nuclear energy, Israel's publications in nuclear physics are not as well cited as her publications in many other subfields of physics.

Majorana fermions in condensed-matter physics

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (19) ◽  
pp. 1630012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Broken Symmetry ◽  
Majorana Fermions ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Topological Quantum ◽  
Abdus Salam

It is an honor and a pleasure to have been invited to give a talk in this conference celebrating the memory of the late Professor Abdus Salam. To my regret, I did not know Professor Salam personally, but I am very aware of his work and of his impact on my area of specialization, condensed matter physics, both intellectually through his ideas on spontaneously broken symmetry and more practically through his foundation of the ICTP. Since I assume that most of this audience are not specialized in condensed-matter physics, I thought I would talk about one topic which to some extent bridges this field and the particle-physics interests of Salam, namely Majorana fermions (M.F.s). However, as we shall see, the parallels which are often drawn in the current literature may be a bit too simplistic. I will devote most of this talk to a stripped-down exposition of the current orthodoxy concerning M.F.s. in condensed-matter physics and their possible applications to topological quantum computing (TQC), and then at the end briefly indicate why I believe this orthodoxy may be seriously misleading.

scholarly journals Counting Rules of Nambu–Goldstone Modes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Lorentz Invariance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Famous Theorem ◽  
Time Symmetry ◽  
Goldstone Modes

When global continuous symmetries are spontaneously broken, there appear gapless collective excitations called Nambu–Goldstone modes (NGMs) that govern the low-energy property of the system. The application of this famous theorem ranges from high-energy particle physics to condensed matter and atomic physics. When a symmetry breaking occurs in systems that lack the Lorentz invariance to start with, as is usually the case in condensed matter systems, the number of resulting NGMs can be lower than that of broken symmetry generators, and the dispersion of NGMs is not necessarily linear. In this article, we review recently established formulae for NGMs associated with broken internal symmetries that work equally for relativistic and nonrelativistic systems. We also discuss complexities of NGMs originating from space-time symmetry breaking. Along the way we cover many illuminating examples from various context. We also present a complementary point of view from the Lieb–Schultz–Mattis theorem.

scholarly journals Topologically Protected Wormholes in Type-III Weyl Semimetal Co3In2X2 (X = S, Se)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Christopher Sims
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Weyl Semimetal ◽  
Topological Quantum ◽  
Weyl Semimetals ◽  
Quantum Materials

The observation of wormholes has proven to be difficult in the field of astrophysics. However, with the discovery of novel topological quantum materials, it is possible to observe astrophysical and particle physics effects in condensed matter physics. It is proposed in this work that wormholes can exist in a type-III Weyl phase. In addition, these wormholes are topologically protected, making them feasible to create and measure in condensed matter systems. Finally, Co3In2X2 (X = S, Se) are identified as ideal type-III Weyl semimetals and experiments are put forward to confirm the existence of a type-III Weyl phase.

scholarly journals Beauty and physics: 13 important contributions of Chen Ning Yang

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (17) ◽  
pp. 1475001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
90Th Birthday ◽  
Chen Ning Yang

In 2012, Chen Ning Yang received a 90th birthday gift in the form of a black cube inscribed with his 13 most important contributions, which cover four major areas of physics: statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, particle physics and field theory. We briefly describe these 13 contributions and make general comments about Yang's distinctive style as a trailblazing leader in research.

scholarly journals A Rationale for Mesoscopic Domain Formation in Biomembranes

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Destainville ◽  
Manoel Manghi ◽  
Julie Cornet
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Cell plasma membranes display a dramatically rich structural complexity characterized by functional sub-wavelength domains with specific lipid and protein composition. Under favorable experimental conditions, patterned morphologies can also be observed in vitro on model systems such as supported membranes or lipid vesicles. Lipid mixtures separating in liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases below a demixing temperature play a pivotal role in this context. Protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions also contribute to membrane shaping by promoting small domains or clusters. Such phase separations displaying characteristic length-scales falling in-between the nanoscopic, molecular scale on the one hand and the macroscopic scale on the other hand, are named mesophases in soft condensed matter physics. In this review, we propose a classification of the diverse mechanisms leading to mesophase separation in biomembranes. We distinguish between mechanisms relying upon equilibrium thermodynamics and those involving out-of-equilibrium mechanisms, notably active membrane recycling. In equilibrium, we especially focus on the many mechanisms that dwell on an up-down symmetry breaking between the upper and lower bilayer leaflets. Symmetry breaking is an ubiquitous mechanism in condensed matter physics at the heart of several important phenomena. In the present case, it can be either spontaneous (domain buckling) or explicit, i.e., due to an external cause (global or local vesicle bending properties). Whenever possible, theoretical predictions and simulation results are confronted to experiments on model systems or living cells, which enables us to identify the most realistic mechanisms from a biological perspective.

PARTICLE PHYSICS IN CONDENSED MATTER

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (27) ◽  
pp. 4979-4987
Author(s):  
CHRIS HAMER
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Condensed Matter Physics ◽  
Recent Advances

We highlight the surprising similarities between particle physics and condensed matter physics which have been emerging from recent advances in experimantal and theoretical techniques.

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